3Com Router 3033 Manuale utente

3Com Router

Configuration Guide for V1.20

http://www.3com.com/

Part No. 10014303

Published January 2004

1.1. Introduction

1.1.1. Scope

This manual provides configuration information for new software features found in V1.20 of the

3Com Router operating system. Use this addendum to supplement configuration information found

in the 3Com Router Configuration Guide.

1.1.2. Online Resources

Download the Router 3000 Installation Guide from:

http://support.3com.com/infodeli/tools/routers/R3000Install.pdf

Download the Router 5000 Installation Guide from:

http://support.3com.com/infodeli/tools/routers/5000Install.pdf

Download the 3Com Router Command Reference Guide from:

http://support.3com.com/infodeli/tools/routers/3ComRouterComRef.pdf

Download the 3Com Router Configuration Guide from:

http://support.3com.com/infodeli/tools/routers/3com_configuration_guide.pdf

Download other current software updates and release notes from:

http://www.3com.com/

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

Chapter 1 Configuring Class-Based Queuing

As an extension of WFQ, class based queuing (CBQ) provides users with class

definition support. CBQ assigns individual FIFO reservation queues to the classes

defined by each user to buffer data of the same class. When there is network

congestion, CBQ matches outbound packets according to the classification rule

defined by users to make them enter relevant queues. Before queue entry of packets,

the congestion avoidance mechanism (tail-drop or weighted random early detection

[WRED]) and bandwidth limit must first be checked. When packets leave the queues,

weighted fair scheduling of packets in the queues corresponding to each class should

be performed.

IP Packets

LLQ

BQ1

Classifying

Sent packets

BQ64

Sent queue

¡¡

Scheduling

BQ2

Outgoing first

Figure 1-1 CBQ diagram

If CBQ performs weighted fair treatment to queues of all classes, voice packets, the

delay-sensitive data flow may not be sent out in time. Therefore, PQ is introduced to

CBQ to create low latency queuing (LLQ), which provides strictly preferred sending

service for such delay-sensitive data flow as voice packets.

LLQ strictly combines PQ with CBQ. When a user defines a class, he can specify it to

accept strict priority service. The class of this type is called priority class. All packets

of the priority class enter the same priority queue. Before they enter a queue, the

bandwidth limit of each class of packets should be checked. When packets go out of

the queues, the packets in the priority queue are forwarded before packets in the

queues corresponding to other classes. But if the maximum reservation bandwidth

configured for LLQ is exceeded, the packets in other queue are sent. Weighted fair

scheduling will be performed to the packets in other queues when they are forwarded.

In order to avoid long time delay of packets in other queues, the maximum available

bandwidth can be specified for each priority class during LLQ application for traffic

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

policing upon congestion. If no congestion occurs, the priority class is permitted to

use bandwidth exceeding the assigned value. In case of congestion, packets

exceeding the assigned bandwidth of the priority class will be discarded. Burst size is

also configurable under LLQ.

When the system matches packets with rules, it matches priority classes before other

classes. If there are multiple priority classes, they are matched one by one according

to configuration sequence. The same procedure is used to match packets and rules in

other classes. If there are multiple rules in a class, they are also matched one by one

according to the configuration sequence.

1.2 CBQ Configuration Tasks

CBQ (Class Based Queuing) configuration includes:

 Define a class and enter the class view

 Configure matching rules of a class

 Define the policy and enter the policy view

 Configure class in policy and enter policy-class view

 Configure features of a class

 Apply a policy to an interface

1.2.1 Define a Class and Enter the Class View

Defines a class and enters class view.

Perform the following configurations in the system view.

Table 1-1 Define a class and enter the class view

Operation Command

Define a Class and Enter the Class

View qos class [ logic-and | logic-or ] class-name

Delete a class and enter class view undo qos class [ logic-and | logic-or ] class-name

By default, a class named default-class is defined in the system. The class name

defined by the user “class-name” cannot be default-class.

By default, the defined class is logic-and and the interrelationship between matching

rules in the class view is logical AND.

1.2.2 Configure Matching Rules of a Class

1) Define the rule for matching all packets

Perform the following configurations in class view.

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

Table 1-2 Define/delete the rule matching all packets

Operation Command

Define the rule matching all packets if-match [logic-not ]any

Delete the rule matching all packets undo if-match [logic- not ]any

2) Define the class matching rule

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-3 Define/delete the class matching rule

Operation Command

Define the class matching rule if-match [ logic-not ]class class-name

Delete the class matching rule undo if-match [ logic-not ]class class-name

Note:

This command cannot be used circularly. For example, qos class A defines the rules to match qos class

B, while qos class B cannot define a rule matching qos class A directly or indirectly.

3) Define the ACL matching rule

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-4 Define/delete ACL matching rule

Operation Command

DefineACL matching rule if-match [ logic-not ] acl acl-number

DeleteACL matching rule undo if-match [ logic-not ] acl acl-number

4) Define the MAC address matching rule

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-5 Define/delete the matching rule of a MAC address

Operation Command

Define MAC address matching rule if-match [ logic-not ]{destination-mac | source-mac }mac-address

Delete MAC address matching rule undo if-match [logic-not ]{destination-mac | source-mac }

mac-address

Note:

The matching rules of the destination MAC address are only meaningful for the policies in outbound

direction and the interface of Ethernet type.

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

The matching rules of the source MAC address are only meaningful for the policies in inbound direction

and the interface of Ethernet type.

5) Define the inbound interface matching rule of a class

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-6 Define/delete the inbound interface matching rule of a class

Operation Command

Define the inbound interface

matching rule of a class if-match [logic-not ]inbound-interface type number }

Delete the inbound interface

matching rule of a class undo if-match [logic-not ]inbound-interface type number

6) Define the DSCP matching rule

The differentiated services code point (DSCP) is a refined field from the 6 high bits of

ToS bytes in IP header by IETF DiffServ workgroup.In the solution submitted by

DiffServ, services are classified and traffic is controlled according to service

requirements at the network ingress. Simultaneously, DSCP is set. Communication

(including resource allocation, packet discard policy, etc.) is classified and served on

the basis of the grouped DSCP values

You can set classified matching rules according to DSCP values.

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-7 Define/delete DSCP matching rule

Operation Command

Define DSCP matching rule if-match [logic-not ]ip-dscp value [ value ] …

Delete DSCP matching rule undo if-match [logic-not ]ip-dscp value [ value ] …

7) Define the IP precedence matching rule

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-8 Define/delete ip precedence matching rule

Operation Command

Define IP precedence matching rule if-match [logic-not ] ip-precedence value [ value ] …

Delete IP precedence matching rule undo if-match [logic-not ] ip-precedence …

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

Use the corresponding command to configure the value of ip precedence during the

configuration; otherwise, the configuration of the if-match ip precedence command

will overwrite the previous configurations.

8) Define the RTP port matching rule

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-9 Define/delete RTP port matching rule

Operation Command

Define RTP port matching rule if-match [logic-not ]rtp start-port starting-port-number end-port

end-port-number

Delete RTP port matching rule undo if-match [logic-not ]rtp start-port starting-port-number

end-port end-port-number

Because the RTP priority queue (RTPQ) has a higher priority than that of CBQ, only

RTPQ will take effect if both RTPQ and the queue based on the class matching RTP

are configured at the same time.

9) Define the protocol matching rule

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-10 Define/delete IP matching rule

Operation Command

Define IP matching rule if-match [logic-not ] protocol ip

Delete IP matching rule undo if-match [logic-not ] protocol ip

10) Define the rule of all packets that do not satisfy the specified matching

rule.

Perform the following configurations in class view.

Table 1-11 Define/delete the rule of all packets not satisfying the specified matching rule

Operation Command

Define the rule of all packets not satisfying specified

matching rule if-match logic-not

criteria

Delete the rule of all packets not satisfying specified

matching rule undo if-match logic-not

criteria

Match-criteria: Matching rule of the class, including acl, any, class, destination-mac,

inbound-interface, ip-precedence, ip-dscp, protocol, rtp, source-mac.

1.2.3 Define the Policy and Enter the Policy View

Policy definition includes definition to the feature requirement for each class in the

policy, such as queue scheduling, including EF, AF, WFQ, TP, TS, and WRED.

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

Perform the following configurations in the system view.

Table 1-12 Define the policy and enter the policy view

Operation Command

Define the policy and enter the policy

view qos policy policy-name

Delete the specified policy undo qos policy policy-name

If an interface applies this policy, this policy is not allowed to be deleted. You must

remove the application of this policy on the interface and then delete the policy with

the undo qos policy command.

1.2.4 Configure Class in Policy and Enter Policy-Class View

Perform the following configurations in the policy view.

Table 1-13 Configure class in policy and enter policy-class view

Operation Command

Configure class in policy qos-class class-name

Remove the class configuration undo qos-class class-name

class-name: Name of a class, of a defined class.

1.2.5 Configure Features of a Class in Policy

1) Configure bandwidth

CBQ can set bandwidth and queuing length for each class.

Bandwidth is the minimum guarantee that the router can provide when congestion

occurs. If there is no congestion, each class can use the bandwidth larger than the

assigned one, but if there is congestion, for each class, all the packets exceeding the

assigned bandwidth will be dropped.

Queuing length is the maximum queue length of the class. When the queue is as long

as the preset length, new packets that want to enter the queue will be dropped.

Policy class configured with expedited-forwarding and bandwidth is a priority class

and will enter low latency queuing (LLQ).

Policy class configured with assured-forwarding and bandwidth is an ordinary class.

The class that does not match any policy is called the default-class, and it can be

configured with assured-forwarding and bandwidth. After the default-class is

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

configured with a maximum bandwidth, the system will assign the class an individual

queue, called the default queue.

Theoretically, each class can be configured with bandwidth of any size, but generally,

the priority classes can occupy 70% of the total bandwidth, and other ordinary classes

and the default class occupy less than 10%. It should be noted that the total

bandwidth assigned to each class and the RTP priority queue should not be larger

than the available bandwidth (the maximum bandwidth of the interface multiplied by

the percentage of the reserved bandwidth).

Please perform the following configurations in policy-class view.

Table 1-14 Configure assured-forwarding and the minimum bandwidth

Operation Command

Configure assured-forwarding for an

ordinary class or default class and

configure the minimum bandwidth for them af bandwidth { bandwidth | pct percentage }

Delete the assured-forwarding undo af

Configure expedited-forwarding for priority

class and configure the maximum

bandwidth and CBS for it ef bandwidth bandwidth [ cbs size ]

Delete expedited-forwarding undo ef

This function can only be applied on the outbound direction.

Note:

Priority classes must be configured with absolute bandwidth, while ordinary classes and the default class

can be configured with relative bandwidth (in percentage) or absolute bandwidth.

2) Configure fair queue for the default class

Perform the following configurations in the policy-class view.

Table 1-15 Configure fair queue for the default class

Operation Command

Configure WFQ for the default class wfq [queue-number total-queue-number ]

Remove the configured WFQ of the default

class undo wfq

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

3) Configure the maximum queue length of the class

Configure maximum queue length of the class and configure the drop type as tail

drop.

Perform the following configurations in the policy-class view.

Table 1-16 Configure the maximum queue length of the class

Operation Command

Configure the maximum queue length of the

class queue-length queue-length

Delete the configuration of maximum queue

length undo queue-length

This command can be used only after the af command has been configured. Execute

the undo af command then queue-length will be deleted as well.

For the default-class, this command can be used only after the af has been

configured.

4) Configure the discarding mode of the class as random.

Perform the following configurations in the policy-class view.

Table 1-17 Configure the discarding mode of the class as random

Operation Command

Configure the discarding mode of the class

as random wred [ip-dscp value | ip-precedence value ]

Restore the default setting undo wred [ ip-dscp value | ip-precedence value ]

ip-dscp indicates that the DSCP value is used to calculate the drop probability of a

packet.

Ip-precedence: Indicate that the IP precedence value is used to calculate drop

probability of a packet, which is the default setting.

This command cannot be used until the af command has been configured. In the

case of the default class, this command be used only after the af command has been

configured. The wred and queue-length commands are mutually

exclusive. Other

configurations under the random drop will be deleted simultaneously when this

command is deleted. When a QoS policy including WRED is applied on an interface,

the original WRED configuration on the interface will be invalid.

The default-class can only be configured with the random discard mode based on IP

precedence.

5) Configure exponential of average queue length calculated by WRED

Perform the following configurations in the policy-class view.

3Com Router Configuration Guide Addendum for V1.20

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