Advanced Electronic Applications PAKRATT PK-232 Manuale utente

ADVANCED ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS, INC.

PAKRATT ™

MODEL PK-232

Multi-Mode Data Controller

Operating Manual

REVISION G /89

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL PREFACE

PREFACE TO THE PK-232 DATA CONTROLLER

Please read this preface in its entirety. It contains information about how to receive warranty ser-

vice from AEA, the current software installed in your PK-232, AEA's software update policy and

how to get involved in the digital radio community.

RF interference Information To User

This PK-232 has been certified under Subpart J of Part 15 of the FCC rules.

This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy. If it is not installed and used properly,

that is, in strict accordance with AEA's instructions, it may cause interference to radio and TV re-

ception. It has been type-tested and has been found to comply with the limits of a Class B comput-

ing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of the FCC rules, which are

designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference will not occur in a particular

installation. If this equipment does cause interference to radio or TV reception, which can be de-

termined by turning the PK-232 on and off, the user is encouraged to try and correct the interfer-

ence using one or more of the following measures:

Reorient the antenna of the device receiving interference.

Relocate the computer with respect to this device.

Plug the computer into a different outlet so the computer and the device are on different

branch circuits.

USE SHIELDED CABLE FOR ALL RS-232 CONNECTIONS !

As part of its continuing program of product improvement, AEA reserves the right to make changes

in this product's specifications. Changes will be made periodically to the information in this docu-

ment. These changes will be incorporated in new issues of this manual.

There may be technical inaccuracies or typographical errors in this document. Please address com-

ments and corrections to AEA Incorporated, PO Box C2160, Lynnwood, WA 98036-0918. AEA re-

serves the right to incorporate and issue any information thus supplied in whatever manner it

deems suitable without incurring any obligations whatever.

Software Release 25. JUN 87 Checksum $E3

FIFTH ISSUE (JUNE 1987)

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL PREFACE

Welcome

Congratulations!! You've purchased another fine AEA product.

PLEASE, before we go any further, may we ask you to FILL OUT AND RETURN the Warranty Regis-

tration Card, which has been packed with your PK-232 system.

WE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO FURNISH YOU WITH ANY UPDATES TO THE SOFTWARE IF YOU DO

NOT RETURN THE ABOVE DOCUMENT. AS NEW FEATURES ARE DEVELOPED, WE ARE SURE YOU

WILL WANT TO BE ABLE TO OBTAIN THEM.

If you call for any kind of customer assistance, we'll ask you for the serial number on you warranty

card. Because of the numerous situations in which our product is used by an unauthorized third

party, we MUST verify that you are the licensed user. We may choose to call you at the phone

number listed in our records to verify your identity. THANK YOU for your patience.

Product Update Policy

From time to time AEA will make available updates to the design of its products. These sometimes

are made available to the user who has previously purchased its products. We can only tell you

about these updates if we have your warrant card. PLEASE SEND IT IN if you have not already

done so. Future versions of software for the PK-232 will most likely become available. AEA will

make these updates available, if possible.

In Case of Trouble

Application and troubleshooting assistance may be had by calling AEA during our 8:00–12:00,

1:00–4:30 working hours in Seattle WA. Ask for the Customer Service Department. The phone

number is (206 775-7373. Please have your product serial number and version date of the soft-

ware available. The version date is on the first screen that comes up when you turn on the PK-232.

We will also need to know the nature of any other equipment connected to the PK-232.

Please attempt to solve problems locally, using other hams or an AEA dealer. Substituting a PK-80

or other TNC that you know is working properly for your questionable one is a diagnostic techni-

que that will check out the rest of your station. Also try running your PK-232 in another station.

Many of the AEA products that are sent to us for repair are in perfectly good order when we re-

ceive them. Please perform whatever steps are applicable from the information on installation and

troubleshooting.

If you call for assistance, please have your PK-232 up an running beside the phone. Our service

technician will likely ask you to perform certain keyboard routines to aid in diagnosis. If you have a

voltmeter handy, you might have the PK-232 open so you can report measurements to the service

technician.

PLEASE DO NOT RETURN THE PK-232 TO US WITHOUT CONTACTIN US FOR PERMISSION

FIRST. WE WOULD LIKE THE OPPORTUNITY TO TROUBLESHOOT THE PROBLEM OVER THE

PHONE FIRST, SAVIN YOU BOTH TIME AND MONEY.

If the unit must be sent in, we will give you a Return to Manufacturer Authorization (RMA) number

over the telephone. This number allows us to better track your unit with our computer, so we can

tell you its' exact status over the telephone.

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL PREFACE

If you send us the PK-232 by UPS it must be sent to the street address - not the post office box

number. The street address is:

AEA. Inc.

206 196th St. SW

Lynnwood, WA 98036

USA

We will need YOUR street address for UPS return - be sure and send it.

NOTE

IF YOU DECIDE TO RETURN YOUR PK-232 TO THE FACTORY FOR SERVICE,

PLEASE REMOVE THE BATTERIES BEFORE SHIPMENT.

UPS Surface (Brown Label) takes 7-8 days, Blue takes 2-3 days and Red is presently available on

the West Coast only. Red is an overnight service and it is expensive. Send the PK-232 in a way that

it can be traced if we cannot verify receipt of shipment. We suggest UPS or insured postal ship-

ment.

If the PK-232 is still under the original owners warranty, AEA will pay the cost of the return ship-

ment. The current policy is that it will be returned Brown if received Brown or by US Mail; returned

Blue if received Blue or by overnight service; or returned as the owner sates in his letter if he fur-

nishes the return cost for the method he selects.

If the PK-232 is out of warranty, it will be returned by UPS Brown COD unless:

1) It was received UPS Blue/Red in which case it will go back UPS Blue COD, or

2) If you designate billing to VISA or MASTERCARD, or

3) you enclose a BLANK personal check endorsed 'not to exceed $...$', or

4) you specify some other method of return.

Typically, we will typically service the product in two or three days if we have all the facts. If we

must call you, it may take longer. PLEASE, if you send it in, include a letter stating the problem and

were you can be reached. If you can be reached by phone in the evening on the east coast, let us

know where. Our current rate for non-warranty service is $40/hour with a 3/4 hour minimum.

Parts and shipping are extra. AEA is not responsible for damage such as caused by lightning, non

professional alterations, poor storage/handling, etc.

Should your warranty card not be on file at AEA, you need to send the proof of purchase date to

receive warranty service. Typically a copy of your bill of sale from an AEA dealer will suffice.

The warranty is for original owner only and is not transferable.

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL PREFACE

INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the exciting world of digital Amateur Radio! You've joined the ranks of the fastest

growing modes in Amateur Radio since the FM repeater.

Your AEA PK-232 Data Controller is the connection between your computer and radios. The PK-232

performs all the 'magic' of establishing data and text communications between your station and

many other communication facilities equipped for digital communications.

With packet-Radio and AMTOR, you'll have a 'private channel' while sharing a frequency with other

packet and AMTOR stations; you'll be able to 'read the mail' of other Morse, RTTY and AMTOR

QSOs. log on to computer-based 'bulletin board' or 'mailbox' stations, handle message traffic – in

short, you're now equipped to enjoy the advantages of digital communications and error-correcting

radio techniques in your ham shack.

Your new AEA PK-232 is the heart of your digital radio station. The PK-232's packet system soft-

ware is derived from the original TAPR TNC; it presents many of the advanced features of that de-

sign, coupled with significant enhancements based on the experience gained by thousands of

TAPR-equipped amateur packet stations worldwide.

This manual is your guide into the realm of digital Amateur Radio.

Join a Packet Club - Sbscribe To Newsletters - Join a Voice Net

Join a Packet-Radio club - they exist in all states as of this writing. You might also subscribe to the

ARRL publication ' ateway', which describes all the 'going on' in Packet-Radio, and to the TAPR

'Packet Status Register', which describes the technically interesting happenings in the movement.

There are many voice nets on VHF and HF; they usually meet weekly. They are usually dedicated

to making the newcomer feel at home.

Acknowledgement

AEA, Inc. gratefully acknowledges the Tucson Amateur Packet-Radio Corporation, Tucson, AZ for

permission to include excerpts from their TNC-2 documentation in this manual.

Norm Sternberg (W2JUP) and Barbara Argilo developed, wrote and edited this User's uide to the

PK-232 on an IBM Displaywriter using TextPack 6, and on Tandy 1000HD and 1000SX computers

using IBM's Display-Write 3 V1.1 program. Our special gratitude also to Dr. Alan Chandler (K6RFK),

Steve Stuart (N6IA), Joe Schimmel (W2HPM), Paul Newland (AD7I), Jeff Jacobsen (WA7MBL) and

Steve Zopfi (KZ7 ), for their invaluable help..

AEA, Inc. dedicates itself to the development of digital radio communications.

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL PREFACE

BATTERY BACK-UP

NOTE: Your PK-232 uses to batteries to back up the user-programmable values in the system. If

you don't install batteries, you'll have to re-enter all of your personal system settings each

time you turn on the PK-232. Your PK-232 will operate normally in all modes but will not re-

tain your personalized parameters such as your call sign, until you install three AA-size bat-

teries in the battery holder inside the chassis cover. We recommend that you choose alka-

line batteries for this application.

Remove the four screws from the sides and the two screws from the rear of the chas-

sis. Then lift off the PK-232's cover. Take care not to disturb the black or red wires that

attach the battery holder to the printed circuit board.

Find the positive and negative symbols embossed on the inside of the battery holder.

Insert each battery, carefully matching the positive symbols on the battery with the pos-

itive symbol on the holder.

Replace the cover and the six screws.

The battery back-up retains all the parameters except the time-of-day clock and the

MHEARD

(Monitor Heard) list. These two functions are controlled by the microprocessor.

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOC 1 7

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Paragraph Page

CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................ 1-1 18

1.2 Scope ......................................................................................................... 1-1 18

1.3 eneral ....................................................................................................... 1-1 18

1.3.1 Application ....................................................................................... 1-1 18

1.3.2 Specifications .................................................................................... 1-1 18

1.3.2.1 Description ............................................................................ 1-1 18

1.3.2.2 Modem Characteristics ............................................................ 1-2 19

1.3.2.3 Processor System ................................................................... 1-2 19

1.3.2.4 Input/Output Connections ....................................................... 1-2 19

1.3.2.5 Controls and Indicators ........................................................... 1-3 20

1.3.2.6 eneral ................................................................................. 1-3 20

1.3.3 Features ........................................................................................... 1-3 20

1.4 System Components .................................................................................... 1-4 21

1.4.1 Input/Output Devices ........................................................................ 1-4 21

1.4.2 System Transmitter-Receiver Performance Requirements ...................... 1-4 21

CHAPTER 2 - INSTALLATION

2.1 'Quick Start' Installation ............................................................................... 2-1 22

2.1.1 Equipment Required .......................................................................... 2-1 22

2.1.2 Battery Installation for RAM Backup..................................................... 2-1 22

2.1.3 Radio and Power Connections............................................................. 2-1 22

2.2 Computer Connections ................................................................................. 2-2 23

2.3 System Quick-Check .................................................................................... 2-3 24

2.3.1 System Startup and Loopback Test ..................................................... 2-3 24

2.4 Radio Connection ........................................................................................ 2-5 26

2.4.1 PTT (Push-to-Talk) Configuration ........................................................ 2-5 26

2.4.1.1 Positive PTT ........................................................................... 2-6 27

2.4.1.2 Negative PTT .......................................................................... 2-6 27

2.4.2 FM Installation and Adjustment .......................................................... 2-6 27

2.4.3 SSB Installation and Adjustment ......................................................... 2-7 28

2.4.4 Connections for Direct FSK Operation on RTTY ..................................... 2-9 30

2.4.5 CW Installation and Adjustment ......................................................... 2-10 31

2.4.5.1 DC Keying .............................................................................. 2-10 31

2.4.5.2 AFSK CW Keying ..................................................................... 2-10 31

2.4.6 Oscilloscope Connections ................................................................... 2-10 31

2.5 Set Your Identifiers ...................................................................................... 2-11 32

2.5.1 Packet Call Sign ................................................................................ 2-11 32

2.5.2 AMTOR SELCAL (Selective Call) .......................................................... 2-11 32

2.6 Commands and Displays .............................................................................. 2-12 33

2.6.1 Display Complete Command List ......................................................... 2-12 33

2.6.2 Display Partial Command Lists ............................................................ 2-12 33

2.6.3 Display Asynchronous Port Parameters ................................................ 2-12 33

2.6.4 Display Special Characters ................................................................. 2-13 34

2.6.5 Display Facsimile Parameters .............................................................. 2-13 34

2.6.6 Display Identification Parameters ........................................................ 2-13 34

2.6.7 Display Link Parameters ..................................................................... 2-14 35

2.6.8 Display Monitor Parameters ................................................................ 2-14 35

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOC 2 8

Paragraph Page

2.6.9 Display Morse/RTTY/AMTOR Parameters ............................................. 2-15 36

2.6.10 Display Timing Parameters ................................................................. 2-15 36

2.7 Immediate Commands ................................................................................. 2-16 37

2.8 Detailed Connections for Specific Computers .................................................. 2-16 37

2.8.1 Available Serial Interfaces .................................................................. 2-17 38

2.8.2 Computers with Specific Serial Interfaces ............................................ 2-17 38

2.8.3 Commodore 64, 64C, 128, Vic 20 ....................................................... 2-17 38

2.8.4 IBM PCjr ........................................................................................... 2-18 39

2.8.5 Tandy Color Computer ....................................................................... 2-18 39

2.8.6 Tandy Model 100/102 and NEC 8201 .................................................. 2-18 39

2.8.7 Other Computers with 25-Pin RS-232-C Ports ...................................... 2-18 39

2.8.8 Other Computers with Non-Standard Serial Ports ................................. 2-19 40

2.9 Terminal (Modem) Software for Specific Computers ........................................ 2-19 40

2.9.1 Apple Macintosh ............................................................................... 2-20 41

2.9.2 Apple II, II+, IIE and IIC ................................................................... 2-20 41

2.9.3 Commodore 64, 64C, 128, Vic 20 ....................................................... 2-20 41

2.9.4 IBM PCjr ........................................................................................... 2-20 41

2.9.5 Tandy Color Computer ....................................................................... 2-20 41

2.9.6 Tandy Model 100/102 and NEC 8201 .................................................. 2-20 41

2.9.7 IBM PCs, 'Clones' and True Compatibles .............................................. 2-20 41

2.10 Packet Bulletin Board Program Compatibility .................................................. 2-21 42

CHAPTER 3 - BASIC OPERATION

3.1 Exploring the PK-232 Program ...................................................................... 3-1 43

3.2 LED Status and Mode Indicators ................................................................... 3-1 43

3.2.1 Status Indicator LEDs ........................................................................ 3-1 43

3.2.2 Mode Indicator LEDs ......................................................................... 3-2 44

3.2.2.1 The DCD LED - Data Carrier Detect .......................................... 3-2 44

3.2.3 LEDs at System Start ......................................................................... 3-2 44

3.2.4 Tuning Indicator ................................................................................ 3-3 44

3.3 PK-232 Commands ...................................................................................... 3-3 45

3.3.1 Entering Commands .......................................................................... 3-3 45

3.3.2 Command Responses ........................................................................ 3-3 45

3.3.3 Error Messages ................................................................................. 3-4 46

3.3.4 Command Names .............................................................................. 3-5 47

3.3.5 Default Values .................................................................................. 3-5 47

3.3.6 Parameters, Arguments and Values .................................................... 3-5 47

3.3.7 Using Commands Without Arguments ................................................. 3-7 49

3.3.8 PK-232 Controller Messages ............................................................... 3-7 49

3.3.8.1 eneral Messages ................................................................... 3-7 49

3.3.8.2 Command Mode Error Messages .............................................. 3-8 50

3.3.8.3 Link Status Messages .............................................................. 3-9 51

3.3.9 Special Keyboard Control Codes ......................................................... 3-11 53

3.3.9.1 Morse Code .............................................................................3-11 53

3.3.9.2 Packet Mode .......................................................................... 3-12 54

3.3.9.3 Baudot and ASCII RTTY .......................................................... 3-12 54

3.3.9.4 AMTOR Mode ......................................................................... 3-12 54

3.3.9.5 Clear String Commands ........................................................... 3-12 54

3.3.10 Detailed Command Descriptions ......................................................... 3-13 55

3.4 eneral Operating Information ..................................................................... 3-13 55

3.4.1 Signal Function Commands ................................................................ 3-13 55

3.4.1.1 Invert Received Data (RXREV) ................................................. 3-13 55

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOC 3 9

Paragraph Page

3.4.1.2 Invert Transmitted Data (TXREV) ............................................. 3-13 55

3.4.1.3 Return to Receive Mode <CTRL-D> ......................................... 3-13 55

3.4.1.4 Send Time of Day <CTRL-T> ................................................... 3-13 55

3.4.1.5 CW Identifier <CTRL-F> ......................................................... 3-14 56

3.4.1.6 Wideshift (WIDESHFT) ............................................................ 3-14 56

3.4.1.7 Answerback (AAB) .................................................................. 3-14 56

3.4.1.8 WRU? (Who Are You?) ............................................................ 3-15 57

3.4.2 Formatting Commands ...................................................................... 3-15 57

3.4.2.1 Screen Line Length (ACRDISP n) ............................................. 3-15 57

3.4.2.2 Monitor Echo (ECHO) .............................................................. 3-15 57

3.4.2.3 Automatic Word/Character Output (WORDOUT) ........................ 3-15 57

3.4.2.4 Line Feed <CTRL-J> ............................................................... 3-16 58

3.4.2.5 Carriage Return <CTRL-M> ..................................................... 3-16 58

3.4.2.6 Automatic Carriage Return (ACRRTTY n) .................................. 3-16 58

3.4.2.7 Automatic Line Feed (ALFRTTY) ............................................... 3-16 58

3.4.2.8 Backspace and Delete <DEL> ................................................. 3-17 59

3.4.2.9 Escape Functions <ESC> ........................................................ 3-17 59

3.4.2.10 Echo as Sent (EAS) ................................................................. 3-17 59

3.4.2.11 Clear Transmit Buffer (TCLEAR) ............................................... 3-17 59

3.4.3 Summary of Automatic Carriage Returns and Line Feeds ...................... 3-17 59

3.4.3.1 Automatic Carriage Returns ..................................................... 3-18 60

3.4.3.2 Automatic Line Feeds .............................................................. 3-18 60

3.4.4 PK-232-to-TNC-2 Command Cross-Reference ....................................... 3-19 61

CHAPTER 4 - OPERATING MODES

4.1 eneral Information ..................................................................................... 4-1 62

4.1.1 Morse Code ...................................................................................... 4-1 62

4.1.2 Baudot RTTY ..................................................................................... 4-1 62

4.1.3 ASCII RTTY ...................................................................................... 4-1 62

4.1.4 AMTOR ............................................................................................ 4-2 62

4.1.5 Packet Radio ..................................................................................... 4-2 63

4.2 Morse Code Operation ................................................................................. 4-2 63

4.2.1 Transmit/Receive Function Keys ......................................................... 4-4 65

4.2.2 Speed Change .................................................................................. 4-4 65

4.2.3 Speed Lock ....................................................................................... 4-5 66

4.2.4 Special Morse Characters ................................................................... 4-5 66

4.2.5 Morse Code Practice .......................................................................... 4-5 66

4.3 Baudot RTTY Operation ................................................................................ 4-5 66

4.3.1 Baudot RTTY Operating Tips .............................................................. 4-6 67

4.3.2 A Typical Baudot RTTY Contact ........................................................... 4-6 67

4.3.3 Transmit/Receive Function Keys ......................................................... 4-7 68

4.3.4 Baud Rate (Speed) Change ................................................................ 4-8 69

4.3.5 CCITT On/Off ................................................................................... 4-8 69

4.3.6 Unshift-On-Space .............................................................................. 4-9 70

4.4 ASCII RTTY Operation .................................................................................. 4-9 70

4.4.1 ASCII Operating Tips ......................................................................... 4-9 70

4.4.2 A Typical ASCII RTTY Contact ............................................................. 4-10 71

4.4.3 Transmit/Receive Function Keys ......................................................... 4-10 71

4.4.4 Baud Rate (Speed) Change ................................................................ 4-10 71

4.4.5 eneral Use of Control Key Functions ................................................. 4-11 72

4.5 AMTOR Operation ........................................................................................ 4-12 73

4.5.1 Transmit/Receive Function Keys ......................................................... 4-12 73

PK-232 OPERATIN MANUAL TABLE OF CONTENTS

TOC 4 10

Paragraph Page

4.5.2 Speed Change Not Permitted ............................................................. 4-12 73

4.5.3 SELCAL (Selective Call) ...................................................................... 4-12 73

4.5.3.1 First SELCAL Installation ......................................................... 4-13 74

4.5.3.2 Prevent Duplicate SELCALs ...................................................... 4-13 74

4.5.4 Mode A (ARQ) Call - Start the Contact (ARQ Command) ....................... 4-14 75

4.5.4.1 LED Status and Mode Indicators .............................................. 4-14 75

4.5.4.2 Mode A (ARQ) Changeover (+? Command) .............................. 4-15 76

4.5.4.3 Mode A (ARQ) Break-in (ACH Command) ............................... 4-15 76

4.5.4.4 End the Mode A (ARQ) Contact, Return to AMTOR Standby ....... 4-16 77

4.5.5 Mode A (ARQ) Listen Mode - Start Monitoring (ALIST Command) .......... 4-16 77

4.5.6 Mode B (FEC) Call - Start the Contact (FEC Command) ........................ 4-16 77

4.5.6.1 LED Status and Mode Indicators .............................................. 4-17 78

4.5.6.2 Mode B (FEC) Changeover ...................................................... 4-17 78

4.5.6.3 End the Mode B (FEC) Contact - Return to ARQ Standby ........... 4-18 79

4.5.7 Echo-As-Sent (EAS Command) ........................................................... 4-18 79

4.5.8 AMTOR Switching-Time Considerations ............................................... 4-19 80

4.5.9 Suggested AMTOR Trial Operating Techniques ..................................... 4-19 80

4.5.10 Possible Areas for AMTOR Performance Improvement .......................... 4-19 80

4.6 Packet Radio Operation ................................................................................ 4-20 81

4.6.1 Change Radio Link Data Rate ............................................................. 4-20 81

4.6.2 Station Identification ......................................................................... 4-21 82

4.6.2.1 MYCALL Required at System Start-up ....................................... 4-21 82

4.6.2.2 Substation Identifiers (SSIDs) .................................................. 4-21 82

4.6.2.3 Automatic Identification .......................................................... 4-21 82

4.6.3 Set Up Loopback Test Circuit .............................................................. 4-22 83

4.6.4 'Connect' and 'Disconnect' ................................................................. 4-22 83

4.6.5 LED Status and Mode Indicators ......................................................... 4-22 83

4.6.5.1 LEDs at System Start or Restart ............................................... 4-22 83

4.6.6 System Quick-Check - Loopback Test Connection ................................. 4-23 84

4.6.6.1 Connect Message ................................................................... 4-23 84

4.6.6.2 Send Packet Character ............................................................ 4-23 84

4.6.6.3 Return to Command Mode ...................................................... 4-23 84

4.6.6.4 Return to Converse Mode ........................................................ 4-24 85

4.6.6.5 Terminate the Link - Disconnect ............................................... 4-24 85

4.6.7 Your First Packet QSO! ...................................................................... 4-24 85

4.6.7.1 System Cable and Switch Check .............................................. 4-24 85

4.6.7.2 Starting the QSO .................................................................... 4-24 85

4.6.7.3 What If? ................................................................................ 4-25 86

4.6.8 Automatic Operation ......................................................................... 4-26 87

4.6.8.1 Beacon Operation ................................................................... 4-26 87

4.6.8.2 Will You Accept Connections? .................................................. 4-26 87

4.6.8.3 Are You Available to Chat? ...................................................... 4-28 89

4.6.8.4 Do You Want to Transmit? ....................................................... 4-28 89

4.6.9 Digipeater Details .............................................................................. 4-28 89

4.6.9.1 Are You a Digipeater? ............................................................. 4-29 90

4.6.9.2 Do You Want to be a Digipeater? ............................................. 4-29 90

4.6.10 Unsuccessful Connections and Retries ................................................. 4-30 91

4.6.10.1 Retries While Connected ......................................................... 4-30 91

4.6.11 Monitoring Activity on the Channel ..................................................... 4-31 92

4.6.11.1 Monitoring Other Stations ....................................................... 4-31 92

4.6.11.2 Monitoring Digipeaters - The MRPT Command .......................... 4-32 93

4.6.11.3 Monitoring Other Stations While Connected .............................. 4-32 93

4.6.12 Selective Monitoring .......................................................................... 4-33 94

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