APconnections NetEqualizer Manuale utente

User Guide

NetEqualizer

User Guide

No part of this publication including text, examples, diagrams or illustrations may be reproduced,

transmitted, or translated in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, manual, optical

or otherwise, for any purpose, without prior written permission of APconnections, Inc.

User Guide

Table of Contents

Where to Install NetEqualizer ................................................................................. 5

Setting up the NetEqualizer.................................................................................... 6

Factory Default IP Settings ............................................................................................... 6

Accessing the NetEqualizer via the Web GUI IP ....................................................................... 6

Cabling the NetEqualizer into your Network .......................................................................... 6

Configuring the NetEqualizer............................................................................................. 8

The NetEqualizer Dashboard................................................................................... 9

Equalizing Defined ............................................................................................ 11

Configuring Equalizing Parameters.......................................................................... 14

Using the RATIO Parameter to Influence Equalizing.................................................................14

Setting your Trunk Size ...................................................................................................15

Parameters to Adjust Equalizing Sensitivity ..........................................................................16

Parameters to Size Internal Tables .....................................................................................18

Viewing your Equalizing Parameter Settings..........................................................................19

Controlling P2P Traffic........................................................................................ 20

Setting Connection Limits................................................................................................20

Dynamic Hogmin: Creating Smart Connection Limits ...............................................................22

Setting Bandwidth Limits..................................................................................... 25

Setting Hard Limits by IP.................................................................................................25

Adding Bursting to Hard Limits.................................................................................................26

Setting up Bandwidth Pools..............................................................................................28

Setting Hard Limits by VLAN.............................................................................................31

Setting Hard Limits by MAC address....................................................................................31

Consider Setting Bandwidth Priority ........................................................................ 33

Defining Priority Traffic ..................................................................................................33

Masking Off Traffic ........................................................................................................34

Restricting Bandwidth Usage................................................................................. 36

Establishing User Quotas (Professional Quota API) ..................................................................36

MAC Redirection ...........................................................................................................42

Distributed Denial of Service Attack (DDoS) Tools ........................................................ 44

DDoS Monitor ...............................................................................................................44

DDoS Firewall ..............................................................................................................46

Monitoring and Reporting..................................................................................... 47

Dynamic Real-Time Reporting (RTR) ...................................................................................50

RTR Dashboard .................................................................................................................... 50

Real-time Traffic Graph ......................................................................................................... 51

RTR Active Connections.......................................................................................................... 51

IP Reports..........................................................................................................................55

Traffic History..................................................................................................................... 58

View NetEqualizer Log........................................................................................................... 62

Configuration ..................................................................................................................... 64

Running Processes ................................................................................................................ 65

RTR Preferences .................................................................................................................. 65

Continued on next page…

User Guide

Export Data to a Reporting Data Warehouse .................................................................................65

Start/Stop RTR.................................................................................................................... 66

Autostart RTR .....................................................................................................................66

View Current Activity .....................................................................................................67

View P2P Report ..................................................................................................................67

View Instantaneous Bandwidth Usage .........................................................................................67

Email Notifications ........................................................................................................69

Configure Email...................................................................................................................69

Configure Alerts ..................................................................................................................70

Redundancy and Failover..................................................................................... 71

Setting up Full Redundancy..............................................................................................71

Failover......................................................................................................................72

Maintenance Tasks............................................................................................. 73

Powering Off the NetEqualizer..........................................................................................73

Backing Up Your Configuration Settings ...............................................................................73

Getting Software Updates for the NetEqualizer .....................................................................73

Troubleshooting................................................................................................ 76

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) ......................................................................... 79

Appendix 1 - Equalizing Parameters, Units, & Defaults.................................................. 83

Appendix 2 - Setting/Forcing LAN Speeds and Duplex ................................................... 84

Appendix 3 - Packet Capturing for taps such as CALEA .................................................. 86

Appendix 4 - NetEqualizer Caching Option (NCO) ........................................................ 88

Appendix 5 - Tuning Parameters for a Large Number of subnet-ranged Limits, Pools, & Masks.... 89

Appendix 6 - Syncing NetEqualizer Date/Time............................................................ 90

Appendix 7 - Firewalling the NetEqualizer ................................................................ 92

Appendix 8 –NetEqualizer Directory Integration (NDI) .................................................. 93

User Guide

Thank you for purchasing a NetEqualizer. You are now on your way to achieving "Faster

Networks, with Zero Maintenance, at the Best Prices". Using NetEqualizer in default factory

mode will take care of almost all network congestion and priority traffic flow requirements,

and is the recommended operational mode for most customers. However, NetEqualizer also

offers a wide range of bandwidth control options, while at the same time allowing you to

keep it simple.

NetEqualizer Quick Start Guide

To perform your initial installation, you should reference the NetEqualizer Quick Start Guide.

This contains the basic setup details and minimal settings required to get you up and

running. A hard copy is included in your shipping box. We also email a PDF copy with your

shipping confirmation email.

Note: The NetEqualizer Quick Start Guide is a step-by-step instruction manual.

NetEqualizer User Guide

The NetEqualizer User Guide is intended to walk through NetEqualizer features in more

detail than our NetEqualizer Quick Start Guide. It also includes appendices describing our

add-on modules. Once up and running, it is a good idea to review this entire NetEqualizer

User Guide, to become familiar with all of the advanced features available to you.

Note: The NetEqualizer User Guide is not a step-by-step instruction manual. Select the

feature you are interested in from the Table of Contents and go directly to that section.

For Additional Help

Should you need further assistance setting up your NetEqualizer, please call our Support

Team at 303.997.1300 x102 or email support@apconnections.net. If you purchased

through an authorized distributor or reseller, check with them first to determine if they

support you directly.

Key to Reading the User Guide

Entity

Format

Example

GUI Parameter

Name

(SYSTEM PARAMETER

NAME)

Shown in bolded blue. Sometimes

followed by system variable name in

CAPITAL LETTERS.

Bandwidth Up

(TRUNK_UP)

SYSTEM PARAMETER

NAME

System variable names (if shown) are

in CAPITAL LETTERS.

TRUNK_UP

Notes

Notes are shown in blue italics

preceded by "Note:".

Note: For a detailed list of the steps

necessary to get up and running, please

see the NetEqualizer Quick Start Guide.

Type in: values to be

entered

Values that you need to type in are

shown in orange italics preceded by

"Type in:".

Type in: /bridge/bridge-

utils/brctl/brctl rembrain my 99999

Click on ->Menu

name

Menus are shown in bold orange

italics preceded by "Click on->" or "-

>".

Click on -> Manage Equalizing ->

Configure Parameters.

Click on ->

[button_name]

Buttons are shown in bold orange

italics surrounded by square brackets

preceded by "Click on ->" or "->".

Click on -> [Start/Stop Equalizing] ->

[Start Equalizing].

User Guide

Where to Install NetEqualizer

NetEqualizer can be installed on any link whose traffic you would like to shape. For

maximum effectiveness, most users should install NetEqualizer between the network users

and the Internet trunk. Traffic running between your network and the Internet is generally

a constriction point in traffic flow where many users compete for this limited resource. By

placing your NetEqualizer at this junction you will automatically optimize your Internet

speed.

The NetEqualizer operates as a Transparent Bridge on your network. There is typically no

need to change anything in your network configuration to install the appliance. Simply

install the NetEqualizer between your Router and Network Switch, or anywhere you can see

the individual IP addresses you wish to shape. Set-up using the Quick Start Guide to

modify any factory default settings, and then access it via a Web Graphical User Interface.

User Guide

Setting up the NetEqualizer

For a detailed list of the steps necessary to get up and running, please see the NetEqualizer

Quick Start Guide. If you do not have a copy of the Quick Start Guide, please request one

by calling our Support Team at 303.997.1300 x102 or emailing support@apconnections.net.

We mention some of the key functions performed during set-up here. However, you will

need to reference the Quick Start Guide to complete your set-up.

Factory Default IP Settings

The IP settings to access the NetEqualizer web Graphical User Interface (web GUI) have

been set to:

IP Setting

Parameter Name

Factory Default

Web GUI IP

BRIDGEIP

192.168.1.143

Web GUI Netmask

BRIDGENETMASK

255.255.255.0

Web GUI Gateway

BRIDGEROUTE

192.168.1.1

Note: The IP address for the NetEqualizer is used to access the web GUI (for management

purposes only). All factory default settings can be changed from the web GUI, the

command line, or the API.

Accessing the NetEqualizer via the Web GUI IP

To access the NetEqualizer via the Web GUI IP, plug a laptop/PC into your Switch, and then

set to the 192.168.1.x range (x not 143) to access the NetEqualizer. Once you cable the

NetEqualizer into your network, you should be able to get to the NetEqualizer Web GUI IP.

Note: If you need to manage the NetEqualizer from a VLAN tagged interface other than the

default VLAN, you will need to set-up an untagged Management Port for administration.

This can be done using a 3rd port on your system. Please call Support at 303.997.1300

x102 or send an email to support@apconnections.net to get help with setting up a

Management Port.

Cabling the NetEqualizer into your Network

NetEqualizer models have either 3 (NE4000) or 4 ports (NE3000), two of which are used for

Ethernet interfaces. If there are 4 ports, we always use the BOTTOM two ports. The easiest

way to figure out the Ethernet ports is that if you are facing the back of the unit,

the LAN port is on your right and the WAN port is on your left.The ports are not

labeled on the 3000/4000 Series. For further clarification, please see the "Where to Install

the NetEqualizer" diagram below.

First, make sure that you power on the

NetEqualizer. Do this by pressing the red power

button to the right of the LED panel.

Notes:

Once you have the NetEqualizer configured, you can change the Default Web GUI IP address. See

Appendix #2C.

To secure the management port, you can also make it accessible via https (SSH). See Appendix #2D.

If you are on a VLAN, you will need to set-up a Management Port.

User Guide

WAN Connection

Plug a crossover cable into the

port labeled Eth0 (WAN) on the

diagram at right and connect it

to the Firewall/Router. Eth0 is the

port on your LEFT as you face

the back of the machine, closest

to the power supply. If you have

an auto-sensing Firewall/Router,

you can use a straight cable or a

crossover cable.

LAN Connection

Plug a straight cable into the port

labeled Eth1 (LAN) on the

diagram and connect it to your

Network Switch. Eth1 is the port

on your RIGHT as you face the back of the machine, furthest from the power supply. If

whatever you are plugging into does not have a built-in switch, then you should use a

crossover cable.

Once your machine is on & connected, you should see green lights in the Power LED, Eth0,

and Eth1 LEDs, as in the above picture of the LED panel.

Note: We recommend that you install your NetEqualizer on a UPS, to protect from power

surges and outages.

(optional): Access Point Configuration in a Wireless Network

Put your radios in bridging mode and set your Firewall/Router at your headend to do DHCP

and NAT, instead of doing DHCP and NAT at your Access Points.

(optional): Setting LAN Port Speed and Duplex

Occasionally, customers need to manually set LAN Port Speed and Duplex as some

Firewall/Routers do not auto-negotiate correctly with the NetEqualizer. If this is happening

in your environment, you will see a large number of collisions and dropped packets as well

as reduced network throughput. Although dropped packets are not a good thing, if you are

seeing less than 1/10 of a percent (< 0.1%) of the total packets transmitted it will have no

adverse effect on your network. If it starts to approach 1 percent (1%), you should follow

Appendix #2 to set this in your environment.

(optional): Firewalling off the NetEqualizer

If you do not install the NetEqualizer behind a firewall, you should use the Manage Firewall

Settings to firewall off the NetEqualizer. See Appendix #7 for detailed instructions.

User Guide

Configuring the NetEqualizer

Once the NetEqualizer is powered on and plugged in to your network, you need to access

the web GUI to configure it. The web GUI is accessible out-of-the-box via the factory default

IP address: http://192.168.1.143.If you have not already, please follow the instructions

under Accessing the NetEqualizer via the Web GUI IP.

Once you login to the NetEqualizer, your next steps in setting up the NetEqualizer will be to

configure your IP settings, set your passwords, install your license key, and set the

date/time and time zone for your NetEqualizer. All these functions are found under the

Manage NetEqualizer menu command and are described in detail in the Quick Start

Guide.

To get started configuring your

NetEqualizer, Click on -> Setup and

Configuration -> Manage

NetEqualizer. The screen at right

should come up.

Note that the functions are all available

by clicking on buttons, which bring up

pop-up configuration windows. This

paradigm is repeated throughout the

GUI.

Please see the Quick Start

Guide, Step #2: "Configuring

the NetEqualizer" to complete

Manage NetEqualizer set-up

and configuration.

User Guide

The NetEqualizer Dashboard

At the heart of the NetEqualizer system is the Dashboard. The NetEqualizer Dashboard

provides an intuitive visual display of the status on critical data and settings within

NetEqualizer. Think of the Dashboard as your command and control center for managing

your NetEqualizer. On the picture below, the key elements that make up the Dashboard are

labeled: Status Indicators, Navigation Menu, Common Tasks, and NetEqualizer Menus.

The Dashboard contains Status Indicators, visually displaying on/off status on key

functions: Equalizing, ntop (deprecated 8.1), Quotas, Packet Capture, and Caching. It also

contains statistics about traffic levels running through your NetEqualizer. You can look at

traffic for the entire network (Pool 0), as well as levels for Bandwidth Up and Bandwidth

Down, and determine whether Ratio is being exceeded.

The Navigation Menu helps you to quickly and easily get back to the Dashboard from

anywhere in the system. You can also reference material from our website (Our Home), our

blog (Our Blog) or access online help (Help).

Common Tasks have been added to the Dashboard. Think of these as shortcuts to areas

within the system that you use frequently. From here you can Run Diagnostics, View

Current Activity, View the NetEqualizer Log File, Show the Current Configuration,

Stop/Restart Equalizing, or run Dynamic Real-Time Reporting.

The four (4) NetEqualizer Menus available are: 1) Setup and Configuration, 2)

Management and Reporting, 3) Troubleshooting and Support, and 4) Maintenance and

Reference. We will discuss the features available via these menus in this User Guide.

User Guide

To help keep you up-to-date on if you need to upgrade, we display the version that you are

running. To make sure you know what date/time and time zone you have set, we display

that as well. The Dashboard can be set to Auto Refresh (On/Off), at available intervals of

5, 10, or 30 seconds, which should work for most users.

Note: The NetEqualizer Dashboard is available in Software Update 6.0 and above.

Note: If you want to create a custom Auto Refresh time for the dashboard, turn Auto

Refresh ON with an interval of 30 seconds, find the parameter "rate" in the URL (i.e.

/index.cgi?poolnum=0&refresh=true&rate=30#dash), and change the number, in seconds,

to your desired rate. For example, if you wanted the dashboard to refresh once per day,

change rate to 86400 (60x60x24).

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