Auber Instruments WS-1500C Guida per l'amministratore

Operation Instruction Manual

WS-1500C

Precision PID Temperature Controller*

Version 1.1

Auber Instruments

730 Culworth Manor

Alpharetta, GA 30022

770-569-8420

www.auberins.com

Dec, 2008

Introduction

Thank you for purchasing the Auber WS series temperature controller. We sincerely

appreciate your decision and trust that our machine will meet your expectations in both

the quality of the result and the value of our product. While we are delighted that you may

be anxious to operate the controller for your project, a few minutes of your time reading

through this manual will only serve to enhance your experience in the months and years

ahead. In particular, we would urge you to read through the safety warnings below.

Although this plug-and-play controller is very easy to operate, the process involves high

temperature and high wattage appliances and your safety is paramount.

SAFETY WARNINGS

•This controller is designed only to be used with devices that have limited power

and their own thermal cut off protection, such as a thermostat or thermal fuse in

case of controller failure. Do not use it with a cook top or hot plate.

•Do not place any objects on the top of controller surface which is used to vent

excess heat during its operation.

•When open the cover of a rice cooker or slow cook that has been running for

extended period of time, the cover will carry a lot of condensation that can drip to

everywhere. Avoid drip the water over the controller.

•The maximum electric current this controller can handle is 15 ampere. For 120

volt ac in US and Canada, this limits the heater power to1800 watts. In addition, if

the heater power is more than 1400 watts, the volume of the pot is also limited to

less than 10 gallons (or 38 liters). Due to its compact size and the splash proof

design for kitchen applications, the controller has a limited ability to dissipate the

*Patent pending

heat generated by the internal solid state relay during the initial heat up. The initial

full power heat up process cannot be more than 90 minutes. If you have a pot that

is larger 5 gallons (19 litters), please read Appendix 1 “Managing the heat

generated by the controller”

•Always place the sensor in the controlled subject when the controller is on.

Before turning on the controller, please make sure the sensor is placed inside the

container to be controlled. Leaving the sensor outside of the solution will form an

open loop operation. If the sensor is left outside, controller will assume the

temperature is low even if the controlled subject is already very hot. The controller

will provide full power to the heater. It will not only overheat the controller, but also

damage your appliance, and even cause a fire.

•The 16 AWG power cord provided with controller is specially designed for high

power applications. Do not replace it with regular computer power cord when

heating device is more than 1200 watts.

•This controller is designed to control the devices recommended by Auber

Instruments only. Using it to control a not recommended device can be dangerous

and cause fire. Auber Instruments is not liable for damages caused by misuse of

the controller. If you are not sure the controller can be used, please contact Auber

Instruments before use.

•If an abnormal display or noise is observed, turn the controller off, unplug the

power cord and contact the manufacturer before using it again.

•Clean the controller only when it is cool and unplugged.

•Do not allow children to operate the controller.

Specifications

Input voltage: 100 to 240 VAC 50 /60 Hz

Output voltage: Same as the input.

Maximum Current: 15A.

Fuse Size: 15A Fast blow.

Controller Mode: PID, PI, PD or P.

Output switching device: Built-in optically isolated solid state relay with zero voltage

crossing switching.

Sensor tip dimensions: 4 mm diameter x 40 mm long.

Sensor cable length: 5 ft (1.5 m)

Timer Range: 0.1 to 99.9 hours. It can be turned off by user

Temperature resolution: 1 °C or 1 °F

Temperature display range: -10 to 200 °C or 14 to 392 ° F

Temperature control range: +5 °C (°F) from room temperature to 195 °C (383 °F)

Temperature accuracy: ±1°C (±2°F)

Dimension: 6.5 x 3 x 5.2 inch (170 x 80 x 135 mm) W x H x D.

Weight: 2.2 lb (1 kg) without power cord.

Note, for international orders (except Canada), the input power cord is not included due

to its weight and different plug requirement. The controller has standard IEC 320 C13/14

socket. Users can use a power cord that meets the local standard to power it. Please

make sure the wire gauge can carry the maximum current required. In addition, an

adaptor that can convert the output socket (NEMA5-15) to the socket of local standard is

needed.

Operating Instructions

1) Description of the controller.

Fig 1. Front Panel

1) Parameter Window (LED) - for displaying temperature values and controller's

system parameters.

2) Output status indicator - In normal mode, this LED indicates the heater status.

When it is on (lit), the heater is powered. When it is off, the heater power is off.

When it is flashing, it means the heater is on and off intermittently to reduce the

power output. It should be synchronized with the power light on the cooking

device.

3) SET Key - for showing current temperature settings, getting into parameters

setting mode and confirming various actions taken.

4) “+” Key - To increment displayed value.

5) “-“ Key - To decrement displayed value.

6) Time Key – Change the Parameter Window between current timer and

temperature values, when pressed.

7) Mode indicator, the small “dot” – if it is lit and flashing, the value displayed in the

Parameter Window is time, else it is temperature.

8) Timer status indicator- In normal mode, When “8)” is on and “7)” is flashing, LED

shows the time passed since the controller powered on. When it is off, the LED

shows the current temperature detected by the sensor probe

Fig 2, Back Panel

2) Connecting and operating the controller

Fig 3. Typical connection between the controller and the heating device (in this example,

the cooker).

The connection of controller should be done in the following steps.

•Plug the temperature sensor to the back of the controller.

•Plug the power cord to the back of the controller and the other end to the power

outlet on the wall.

•Turn on the controller to make sure the controller powers up properly. The

temperature display is in the range expected. Then, turn off the controller.

•Plug the heater to the back of the controller. If the heater has a switch, put it in the

off position. Put the sensor inside the container to be controlled.

•Turn on the controller.

•Turn on the heating device.

3) Setting the temperature.

Press SET key twice. Both 2) and 7) will start to flash. The LED shows the current

temperature setting. Use “+” and “-“ keys to change the setting. When finished, press the

SET again to confirm the change.

Note: the temperature setting will not be changed if SET is not pressed (confirmed). The

display will return to the normal display mode if no key is pressed within 3 seconds.

4) Switching the display between temperature and time.

This is done by pressing the Time Key (“6)”) once. When “8)” is on (lit) and “7)” is flashing

at the same time, LED is in timer mode and shows the actual time passed since the

controller was last powered on. When “8)” is off (not lit), LED is in temperature mode and

shows the current sensor temperature.

5) Setting the timer.

Press SET key once and release it, both 7) and 8) will start flashing. The LED shows the

current timer setting. Use “+” and “-“ key to change the timer setting. When finished,

press the SET again to confirm the change.

Note: the timer setting will not be changed if SET is not pressed (confirmed). The display

will return to the normal display mode if no key is pressed within 3 seconds.

Using the timer The timer can be used in two different ways.

a) Use it as timer. If you set the timer for 20 hours, the controller will stop sending power

to the cooker 20 hours after it is powered up. It will display “End” on the window and send

an audio beeping sound. Turning off the power and on again will reset the timer.

b) Use it as a clock. Instead of using the timer function, many users just use it as a clock

to find how long the food has been cooked. To use it as a clock, set the time longer than

you need to use, or, just leave it at the original 99.9 hr position. During the operation,

press the “time” button once will change the display from temperature of the pot to the

time that has elapsed since powered up. Press the “time” button again will change the

display back to temperature.

6) Tuning the controller

This controller is shipped with parameters set for commercial rice cooker. You can try to

use this setting for other cooking device also because the setting it suitable for a typical

slow response and balanced system. If you feel the performance is not ideal, you can try

to use the recommended PID parameters listed in Table 1. These are the parameter we

obtain from tuning the system manually. Fig 5 shows how to change them.

Symbol P I d

Display P I d

Commercial Rice cooker, steam table 180 700 40

Commercial Rice cooker, steam table 18 0 150

Home use rice cooker, 54 60 15

Home use rice cooker, wine fermentation. (PD

mode) Switch set at Warm position 17 0 40

Slow cooker, 7 quart 180 700 40

Slow cooker, 4 quart 54 60 15

Slow cooker, PD mode (low overshoot) 40 0 40

Bradley Smoker 70 600 150

Table 1. Recommended PID parameters that can be used as reference point.

Please note that the P value in table is in Fahrenheit unit. If the controller is using

Celsius unit, divide the P value by 1.8. If you switch from Fahrenheit display to

Celsius, the controller will automatically convert all the settings.

6.1 Auto-Tune

The controller's most powerful feature is its ability to regulate virtually any cooker with

stable temperature control. For stable temperature control the controller requires two

things; (1) the controller must be set to the correct power level (see next section) and, (2)

that it must be tuned to the cooker being used. Tuning is the process that matches the

control characteristics of the controller to the heating characteristics of the cooker. The

controller is said to be tuned to the cooker when its memory is programmed with values

telling it how fast the cooker warms up, cools off, and how efficiently it transfers heat. For

example, consider the difference between a heat lamp and a hot plate. When electricity

is applied to a heat lamp it begins to heat instantaneously, and when it's turned off it

stops heating instantaneously. In contrast, a hot plate may take several minutes to begin

heating when electricity is applied and even longer to start cooling when electricity is

turned off. But, to do this it must be programmed with the time constants. Describing how

fast the heater heats when electricity is turned on and how fast it begins to cool when it's

turned off. These time constants are called the tuning parameters.

Every type of cooker has its own unique set of tuning parameters. For the controller to

heat with stability, it must have programmed with the tuning parameters for the cooker

currently being used.

When Should the Controller be Tuned?

If your cooker is not listed in the Table 1 of our pre-selected cookers, or the PID

parameters we provided are not working for your liking, you can use the auto-tuning

function to let the controller to determine the PID parameters automatically. Auto-tuning

function (it’s often known as self-tuning) can automatically optimize the PID parameters

for your chosen cooking system. The auto-tuning function will heat up your cooker then

let it cool down. It will repeat this heat/cool cycle several times. Based on the response

time of the whole cooking system, the controller will calculate and set the PID

parameters for your cooker.

Figure 4

Before using the auto-tune function, you must set the cooking equipment up in the exact

configuration it will be used. For example, to tune a rice cooker, place the sensor in the

room temperature pot filled with water and plug the cooker into the controller. If the

cooker has its own thermostat or power control, turn both as high as they’ll go. Set the

controller to the appropriate power level (see next Section). Turn the controller and

cooker on, and then enter the desired set point temperature closed to your normal

cooking temperature.

To activate auto-tuning, just enter code 166 to get into the PID setting menu. Set AΓto 1

then exit the menu (see Fig 5). The display will start to flash alternately between AΓand

the current water bath temperature, which indicates auto-tuning is in progress. When the

display stops flashing, the auto-tuning is finished. Now, the newly calculated PID

parameters are set and are used for the system. The new parameters will store in the

memory even the power is off.

You should always write down your old PID parameters, before letting the controller to

perform auto-tuning. This way if something goes wrong, you can always go back to your

old PID parameters. The water amount in the pot should be the same volume as you

would have normally used. Basically, you must setup your cooking system close to your

actual cooking environment.

The duration of auto-tuning depends on how fast the system is responding to the heating

and cooling cycle. If the temperature of the cooker takes a long time to drop -when

heater is off- the auto-tuning could be a very long tuning process. This is especially true

with a well insulated cooker. The auto-tuning should be able to tune most of your chosen

with fairly good result.

6.2 Manual Setting the PID parameter.

If you tried auto-tune and the parameter we provide but feel the performance is not ideal.

the following sections discuss the definition of these parameters and how to change

them.

•LCK. Parameter lock. This function is used to prevent user to change the critical

parameters by accident. User has to use the code 166 to access the parameter

setting menu.

•P. Proportional band. It is in 0.1 degree units. This parameter control the output of

the controller based on the difference between the measured and set temperature.

Larger the P number means the weaker the action (lower gain). e. g. If P=100, the

proportional band is 10 degree (100 x 0.1=10). When the sensor temperature is

10 degrees below the proportional band (10 degrees below the setting), the

controller will have 100% output. When the temperature is 5 degree below the set

point, the output is 50%. When the temperature is equal to the setting, the

controller will have 0% output (assuming integral and derivative functions are

turned off). This constant also affects both integral and derivative action. Smaller

P values will make the both integral and derivative action stronger. Please note

the value of the P is temperature unit sensitive. If you found an optimized P value

when operating the controller in Celsius, you need to multiply the P by 1.8 when

changing the temperature unit to Fahrenheit.

•I. Integral time. The unit is in seconds. This parameter controls the output of

controller based on the difference between the measured and set temperature

integrated with time. Integral action is used to eliminate temperature offset. Larger

number means slower action. e. g. assuming the difference between the

measured and set temperature is 2 degree and remain unchanged, the output will

increase continuously with time until it reaches 100%. When temperature

fluctuate regularly (system oscillating), increase the integral time. Decrease it if

the controller is taking too long to eliminate the temperature offset. When I=0, the

system becomes a PD controller. For very slow response system such as slow

cooker and large commercial rice cooker, set I = 0 will significantly reduce the

temperature overshoot.

•d. Derivative time. The unit is in seconds. Derivative action contributes the output

power based on the rate of temperature change. Derivative action can be used to

minimize the temperature overshoot by responding its rate of change. The larger

the number is, the faster the action will be. e.g. when the door of incubator is

opened, the temperature will drop at very high rate. The derivative action change

the controller output based on the rate of change rather than the net amount of

change. This will allow the controller to act sooner. It will turn the heater to full

power before the temperature drops too much

•T, cycle rate. The unit is second. This unit determines how long for the controller

to calculate each action. This parameter should remain at 2 second for almost all

applications.

Fig 5. Code 166 Parameter setup flow chart

Press and hold SET key for 4 seconds until LED display “LCK”, then release the SET key.

The display will show “0”. To get into parameters setting mode, you need to key in the

pass code. Use “+” and “-“keys to adjust the display to 166 (which is the pass code) and

press SET. The LED will show “P” for a second and then its P setting value, Use “+” and

“-“ keys to change the setting. When finished, press the SET again to confirm the change.

The display will show the “I “ for a second and its I setting value next, use the same “P”

setting procedure to set the I value. When finished, press the SET again to confirm the

change. The display will show the “d” for a second and its value next. Use the same “P”

setting procedure to set the d value. When finished, press the SET again to confirm the

change. The next setting isAΓ, the auto-tune. Use “+” to set the value to 1 and press

SET will activate the auto-tune. The next setting is the “t” setting, use “-” and “+” to set

the cycle time value. This value should remain 2 for most application. After change the

PID parameter, the controller needs to be turned off and on again for the best result.

7) Setting other system parameters

These are the parameters that normally do not need to be changed. The lock code to

access them is 155.

•SC, calibration offset. The parameter is used to make the input offset to

compensate the error produced by sensor. e.g. if the temperature displays 2.0 C

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