Citizen SR-260 Manuale utente

E-1

Contents

General guide .................................................. E - 2

Power supply ......................................................................... E - 2

The keyboard ......................................................................... E - 2

Display symbols .................................................................... E - 3

Display formats ..................................................................... E - 3

Order of operations................................................................ E - 4

Correction .............................................................................. E - 5

Accuracy and Capacity.......................................................... E - 5

Overflow / Error conditions.................................................... E - 7

Basic calculation ............................................. E - 8

Mixed arithmetic calculation ................................................. E - 8

Parentheses calculations ...................................................... E - 8

Constant calculation .............................................................. E - 8

Percentage calculation .......................................................... E - 9

Memory calculation ............................................................... E - 9

Scientific calculation ..................................... E - 10

Reciprocal, Factorial ........................................................... E - 10

Square, Square / Cubic Root, Power, Root ........................ E - 10

Logarithms and Antilogarithms ........................................... E - 10

Fraction calculation ............................................................. E - 10

Angular units conversion..................................................... E - 11

Trigonometric / Inverse trigonometric functions ................. E - 11

Hyperbolic / Inverse hyperbolic functions ........................... E - 12

Rectangular / Polar coordinates.......................................... E - 12

Permutations, Combinations .............................................. E - 12

Sexagesimal ↔Decimal form conversion ......................... E - 13

Base-n mode calculation .................................................... E - 13

Complex numbers calculation ............................................ E - 14

Random numbers and Exchange key................................. E - 14

Unit conversion.................................................................... E - 15

Statistics calculation ..................................... E - 15

Computing single variable statistics ................................... E - 15

Viewing statistics data ........................................................ E - 16

Adding a data entry ............................................................. E - 17

Editing statistics data .......................................................... E - 17

Delete error .......................................................................... E - 18

Weighted data entry method ............................................... E - 18

E-2

General guide

Power supply

On or Off :

Toturnthecalculatoron,press[ON/C];toturnthecalculatoroff,press

[2ndF][OFF].

Auto power-off function :

This calculator automatically turns off it when not operated for

approximately9minutes.Powercanberestored by pressing the [ON/C]

keyagain. Memorycontentsandthepreviousmode setting(STAT,DEG,

CPLX, Base-n,…) are retained even when power is turned off or auto

power-off.

Battery replacement :

The calculator uses two alkaline button batteries GP76A(LR44) for

power.Ifthedisplaybecomesdimanddifficulttoread,thebatteriesshould

bereplaced as soon aspossible.

Toreplace batteries:

1) Removethescrews that hold thebackcover.

2) Removethebackcover.

3) Replacetheoldbatteriesandinstallnewoneswithpolarityincorrect

directions.

4) Securethescrewsinplace,thenpress[ON/C]toturnthepoweron.

The keyboard

Manyofthecalculator’skeysareusedtoperformmorethanonefunction.

Thefunctionsmarkedonthekeyboardareprinteddifferentlytohelpyoufind

theoneyouneedquicklyandeasily.

1st functions

Thosearethefunctionsthatarenormallyexecutedwhenyoupressthekey.

2nd functions

Thesecondfunctionisprintedaboveortotherightofthekey.Toexecute

2ndfunctionskey,pleasepress[2ndF]thenthecorrespondingkey.When

youpress[2ndF ], the “2ndF”indicatorshowninthe display is totellyou

thatyouwillbeselectingthesecondfunctionofthenextkeyyoupress.Ifyou

press[2ndF]bymistake,simplypress[2ndF]againtoremovethe“2ndF

” indicator.

sin

sin –1

1st functions

2nd functions

E-3

(Note) : [ A ], [ B ], [ C ], [ D ], [ E ], [ F ] are 1st functions in HEX mode.

Display symbols

Indicatorsshownonthedisplayisto indicate you the current status

ofthecalculator.

DEG or RAD or GRAD : angular unit

M : Independentmemory CPLX :Complexnumbermode

E: Overflow / Error STAT: Statisticalmode

–: minus 2ndF: [2ndF]keypressed

( ) : Parenthesiscalculation CP : Precisioncapability

BIN: Binarymode CPK: Processcapability

OCT : Octalmode : Deviation

HEX : Hexadecimalmode USL: Setting upper limit

ED : Editmode LSL: Setting lower limit

HYP: Hyperbolicmode

Display formats

Thecalculatorcandisplaynumbersinfourformats:floatingpoint,fixed

point, scientific, and engineering.

Floating point display format

Thefloating point format displaysnumbers in decimal form, usingup

to 10 digits. Any trailing zeros are truncated.

If the result of a calculation is too large to be represented in 10 digits,

thedisplayautomaticallyswitchestoscientificformat. Iftheresultoflater

calculations is small enough to be displayed in 10 digits, the calculator

returns to floating point format.

(Ex.) : Set the display in floating display format.

Step : Press [ 2ndF ] [TAB ] [ • ] DEG 0.

Fixed point display format

Thefixedpoint,scientific,andengineeringformatsuseafixednumber

ofdecimalplacestodisplaynumbers.Ifmorethantheselectednumberof

decimalplacesiskeyed,itwillberoundedtothecorrectnumberofdecimal

places.

(Ex.):Fixthedisplay at 2 decimal places, thenkeyin3.256

Step 1 : press [ 2ndF ] [TAB ] 2 DEG 0.00

Step 2 : key in 3.256 [ = ] DEG 3.26

E-4

Onthecontrary,if fewer than the selected numberofdecimalplaces

is keyed, it will be padded with trailing zero.

(Ex.):Fixthedisplayat4decimalplaces,thenkeyin4.23

Step 1 : press [ 2ndF ] [TAB ] 4 DEG 0.0000

Step 2 : key in 4.23 [ = ] DEG 4.2300

Scientific display format

InScientificdisplayformat,thenumber891500canbe showninscientific

formatas8.915x1005,where8.915iscalledthemantissaand5isasthe

exponentof10.

(Ex.): 7132 x 125is displayed in scientific displayformat.

Step 1 : key in 7132 [ x ] 125 [ = ] DEG 891500.

Step 2 : press [ F↔E ] DEG 8.915 05

(in floating point format)

Besides, entry can be made in scientific notation by using the [EXP]

keyafterenteringthemantissa.

(Ex.):Keythenumber4.82296x105

Step:key in 4.82296 [EXP]5 DEG 4.82296 05

(in floating point format)

Engineering display format

The format is similar to the scientific format, expect the mantissa can

have up to three digits left of the decimal, instead of only one, and the

exponentisalwaysamultipleofthree.Itisusefulforengineerstoconvert

units based on multiplesof 10 3.

(Ex.) : Convert 15V into 15000mV (V : Volt)

Step1:keyin15 DEG 15.

Step 2 : press [ ENG ] twice DEG 15000.– 03

(Ex.) : Convert 15V into 0. 015KV (V : Volt)

Step1:keyin15 DEG 15.

Step 2 : press [ 2ndF ] [ ] twice DEG 0.015 03

Order of operations

Each calculation is performed in the following order of precedence :

1) Operationinparenthesis

2) Functions required pressing the function key before entering, for

example, [DATA] in STATmode and [ EXP] key .

3) Functionsrequiredinputingvaluesbeforepressingthefunctionkey,

forexample, cos, sin, tan, cos–1, sin–1, tan–1, log, ln, X 2,1/x, , ,

, X!, %, RND, ENG, , ,,,, ,, , and 6 units conversion.

4) Fractions

E-5

5) +/–

6) X y,

7) nPr, nCr

8) x , ÷

9) +, –

Correction

Ifyouhavemadeamistakewhenenteringanumber(butyouhavenotyet

pressedanarithmeticoperatorkey),justpress[CE]toclearthelastentry

theninputitagain,or delete individual digits by using the backspace key

[ 00 0 ]

(Ex.) : Correct 12385 as 789

Step : press [ CE ] 789 DEG 789.

(Ex.) : Correct 12385 as 123

Step : press [ 00 0 ] twice DEG 123.

Ina seriesofcalculations,youcancorrecterrors inimmediateresults

by pressing [ON/C] to clear the calculation completely (expect clearing

memory,seepage9).

Ifyou press thewrong arithmetic operation key, justpress [ CE] key

beforeenteringanythingelse.

Accuracy and Capacity

Accuracy : 1 in 10th digit.

Capacity:

In general, every reasonable calculation is displayed up to 10 digit

mantissa,or10-digitmantissaplus2-digitexponentupto10 99orintegers

between–9999999999and9999999999.

Numbersused as input mustbe within the rangeof the given

function. The range for each of the calculator’s functions is given in the

following pages.

Functions Inputrange

sinx,cos x, tan x Deg X4.5 x 10 10 deg

Rad X2.5 x 10 8rad

Grad X5 x 10 10 grad

however,fortanx

Deg X90 (2n+1)

Rad X(2n+1)

Grad X100 (2n+1)

(n is an integer)

E-6

sin –1 x, cos –1 x X≤ 1

tan–1x X1 x 10 100

sinhx,coshx X≤ 230.2585092

tanhx X1 x 10 100

sinh –1 x X5 x 10 99

cosh –1 x1≤X 5 x 10 99

tanh–1 x x 1

log x, ln x 1 x 10 –99 ≤X 1 x 10 100

10x–1 x 10 100 X100

ex–1x10100 X≤230.2585092

0≤X 1 x 10 100

x2X1 x 10 50

1/X X1 x 10 100, X 0

X1 x 10 100

X ! 0 ≤X ≤69 , X is an integer.

RP1 x 10 100

PR0≤r1 x 10 100

Deg 4.5 x 10 10 deg

Rad 2.5 x 10 8rad

Grad 5 x 10 10 grad

however,fortanx

Deg 90 (2n+1)

Rad (2n+1)

Grad 100 (2n+1)

(n is an integer)

, ,, DD , MM, SS.SS 1 x 10 100,

0≤MM, SS.SS

, ,, x1 x 10 100

XyX0–1 x 10 100 y log X 100

X = 0 y 0

X 0 y = n, 1/(2n+1), n is an integer.

but -1 x 10 100 log X100

X0y 0, –1 x 10 100 log X 100

X = 0 y 0

X0y = 2n+1, I/n, n is an integer.(n 0)

but – 1 x 10 100 log X100

X2+Y2

yXy

E-7

Input Total of integer,numerator and

denominatormust bewithin10digits

(includesdivisionmarks)

Result Result displayed as fraction for

integerwhen integer,numeratorand

denominatorarelessthan1 x 10 10

nPr, nCr 0 rn, n 9999999999, n,r are integers.

STAT x1x10 50 x1 x 10 100

0≤ x21 x 10 100, n, r are integer

xn 0 S n 1 n 0

Range = 1 ~ r, 1 ≤n≤r, 80 ≤r≤20400

DEC 0 ≤X≤9999999999 (for zero or positive )

– 9999999999 ≤X≤– 1 (for negative)

BIN 0 ≤X≤0111111111(forzero,positive)

1000000000 ≤X≤1111111111

(for negative)

OCT 0 ≤X≤3777777777 (for zero or positive)

4000000000 ≤X≤7777777777

(for negative)

HEX 0≤X≤2540BE3FF( for zero or positive)

FDABF41C01 ≤X≤FFFFFFFFFF

(for negative)

Overflow / Error conditions

A symbol “ E ” are indicated on the display when any of the following

conditionsoccurandfurthercalculationbecomesimpossible.Justpress

[ ON/C ] to release those overflow or error indicator and the subsequent

calculationcanthenbeperformed.

1) Whenfunctioncalculationsareperformedwithanumberexceeding

theinputrange.

2) Whenanumberisdividedby0.

3) Whenthe[(]keyisusedmorethan 15timesinasingleexpression.

4) Whenaresult(whetherintermediateorfinal)oraccumulatedtotalin

memoryexceeds the limit. ( 9.999999999 x 10 99)

5) Whenmorethansixpendingoperations.

Basic calculation

Before performing the following calculation, check to see that your

calculator is in decimal base and floating point display.

ab/c

E-8

Mixed arithmetic calculation

1 + 2 x 3 = ? 1 [ + ] 2 [ x ] 3 [ = ] DEG 7.

– 3.5 + 8 ÷ 2 = ? 3.5 [ +/– ] [ + ] 8 [ ÷ ] 2 [ = ] DEG 0.5

Parentheses calculations

Operationinsideparenthesesarealwaysexecutedfirst.Youcanuseup

to15levelsofparenthesesinasinglecalculation.Whenthefirstparenthesis

isopened,the“( ) ” indicator appears and remainsinthedisplayuntilthe

last parenthesis is closed.

( 5 – 2 x 1.5 ) x 3 [ ( ] 5 [ – ] 2 [ x ] 1.5 [ ) ] [ x ] DEG 2.8

+ 0.8 x ( – 4 ) = ? 3 [ + ] 0.8 [ x ] 4 [ +/– ] [ = ]

2 x { 7 + 6 x ( 5 + 4 ) } 2 [ x ] [ ( ] 7 [ + ] 6 [ x ] DEG 122.

= ? [ ( ] 5 [ + ] 4 [ = ]

(Note) : It is unnecessary to press the [ ) ] key before the [ = ] key.

Constant calculation

Thecalculatorenablesyou to repeat the last numberenteredorthe

lastoperationexecuted by pressing [=]key.

Repeating the last number

3 x 3= ? 3 [ x ] [ = ] DEG 9.

3 x 3 x 3 = ? [ = ] DEG 27.

3 x 3 x 3 x 3 = ? [ = ] DEG 81.

Repeating the arithmetic operation

321 + 357= ? 321 [ + ] 357 [ = ] DEG 678.

654 + 357= ? 654 [ = ] DEG 1011.

579 – 159 = ? 579 [ – ] 159 [ = ] DEG 420.

456 – 159 =? 456 [ = ] DEG 297.

18x45= ? 3 [ x ] 6 [ x ] 45 [ = ] DEG 810.

18x23=? 23 [ = ] DEG 414.

18 x (0.5 x 10 2) = ? 0.5 [ EXP ] 2 [ = ] DEG 900.

E-9

96 ÷8=? 96 [ ÷ ] 8 [ = ] DEG 12.

75 ÷8=? 75 [ = ] DEG 9.375

(1.2 x 10 2)÷8 =? 1.2 [ EXP ] 2 [ = ] DEG 15.

Percentage calculation

30% of 120 = ? 120 [ x ] 30 [ 2ndF ] [ % ] DEG 36.

[ = ]

70% of 120= ? 70 [ 2ndF ] [ % ] [ = ] DEG 84.

88 is 55%of 88 [ ÷ ] 55 [ 2ndF ] [ % ] DEG 160.

whatnumber =? [ = ]

30%add-onof120 120 [ + ] 30 [ 2ndF ] [ % ] DEG 156.

= ? [ = ]

30%discountof120 120 [ – ] 30 [ 2ndF ] [ % ] DEG 84.

= ? [ = ]

Memory calculation

Youshouldkeepthefollowingrulesinmindwhenperformingmemory

calculations.

1) The“M”indicatorappearswhenanumberisstoredinthememory.

2) Recalling from a memory by pressing [ MR ] key does not affect its

contents.

3) AllmemoriesareunavailableunderSTATmode.

4) Inordertoexchange thecontentofthememoryforthe

displayed number, please press [X M] key.

5) The contents of the memories can be cleared by pressing [ 0 ]

[X M] or [ CE ] [X M] in sequence.

[ CE ] [X M] DEG 0.

3 x 5 3 [ x ] 5 [ M+ ] M DEG 15.

+) 56 ÷ 7 56 [ ÷ ] 7 [ M+ ] M DEG 8.

+) 74 – 8 x 7 74 [ – ] 8 [ x ] 7 [ M+ ] M DEG 18.

Total = ? [ MR ] M DEG 41.

0 [X M] DEG 0.

Scientific calculation

Beforeperformingthefollowing calculation, check to see that your

calculatorisfixed at 2 decimal placesdisplayformat.

E-10

124

Reciprocal, Factorial

= ? 1.25 [ 2ndF ] [1/X] [ = ] DEG 0.80

5! = ? 5 [ 2ndF ] [ X! ] [ = ] DEG 120.00

Square, Square / Cubic Root, Power, Root

22+ 3 4= ? 2 [ X 2] [ + ] 3 [ X y] 4 [ = ] DEG 85.00

5 x + 5 [ x ] 27 [ 2ndF ] [ 3] DEG 20.83

= ? [ + ] 34 [ ] [ = ]

= ? 72 [ 2ndF ] [ ] 9 [ = ] DEG 1.61

Logarithms and Antilogarithms

ln7 + log100 = ? 7 [ ln ] [ + ] 100 [ log ] [ = ] DEG 3.95

10 2= ? 2 [ 2ndF ] [ 10 x] [ = ] DEG 100.00

e5– e – 2 = ? 5 [ 2ndF ] [ e x] [ – ] DEG 148.28

2 [ +/– ] [ 2ndF ] [ e x] [ = ]

Fraction calculation

Fraction value display is as follow :

(Note) : Totalofinteger,numerator anddenominatormustbewithin 10

digits,orthe fractional valuecouldn’tbeshowncompletely.

Bypressing[2ndF][ d/e],thedisplayedvaluewillbeconvertedtothe

improperfraction.

+ 7 2 [a b/c ] 3 [ + ] DEG84 15

= 8 7 [ab/c ] 3 [a b/c ] 5 [ = ]

= [ 2ndF ] [ d/e ] DEG 124 15

When apressof[ab/c]keyafterthe [=]keyor afraction performed

with a decimal, the answeris displayed as a decimal.

5 + 3 5 [a b/c ] 4 [a b/c ] 9 DEG 9 736

= 9 [+] 3 [a b/c ] 3 [a b/c ] 4 [ = ]

= 9.19 [ab/c ] DEG 9.19

512 Display of 12

56 512 Display of 56 12

1.25

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