Coyote Point Systems E350GX Manuale di istruzioni

Equalizer

Installation and

Administration Guide

Version 8.6

October 2010

Coyote Point Systems, Inc.

675 North First Street

Suite 975

San Jose, California 95112

The following are Trademarks or Registered Trademarks of Coyote Point Systems Incorporated in

the United States and other countries:

Coyote Point™

Equalizer®

Equalizer VLB™

Envoy®

Equalizer Extreme™

Equalizer Extreme II™

Xcel™

Express™

Emissary™

E250si™

E350si™

E450si™

E550si™

E650si™

E250GX™

E350GX™

E450GX™

E650GX™

All other brand or product names used in this document are trademarks or registered trademarks of

their respective companies or organizations.

THE SPECIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REGARDING THE PRODUCTS IN THIS

MANUAL ARE SUBJECT TO CHANGE WITHOUT NOTICE. ALL STATEMENTS,

INFORMATION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS IN THIS MANUAL ARE BELIEVED TO BE

ACCURATE BUT ARE PRESENTED WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

IMPLIED. USERS MUST TAKE FULL RESPONSIBILITY FOR THEIR APPLICATION OF

ANY PRODUCTS.

This document was revised for Equalizer Software Version 8.6.0b.

Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide 3

Preface 15

In This Guide .................................................................................................................15

Typographical Conventions ...........................................................................................16

Where to Go for More Help ...........................................................................................17

Equalizer Overview 19

Introducing Equalizer .....................................................................................................20

Intelligent Load Balancing ......................................................................................20

Load Balancing Configuration ................................................................................21

Real-Time Server Status Information .....................................................................21

Network Address Translation and Spoofing ...........................................................22

Maintaining Persistent Sessions and Connections ................................................23

Cookie-Based Persistence (Layer 7) ....................................................................................... 23

IP-Address Based Persistence (Layer 4)................................................................................. 24

Is Connection Persistence Always Needed With Session Persistence? ................................. 24

Layer 7 Load Balancing and Server Selection .......................................................24

Geographic Load Balancing ...................................................................................25

Geographic Load Balancing Routing ....................................................................................... 26

Distributing the Geographic Load ............................................................................................ 26

Adding Equalizer to Your Network .................................................................................29

Equalizer E250GX Network Configuration .............................................................29

Using Equalizer E250GX in a Single Network Environment.................................................... 30

Using Equalizer E250GX in a Dual Network Environment ...................................................... 31

Equalizer E350GX, E450GX, E650GX Network Configuration ..............................32

Using Equalizer E350/450/650GX in a Single VLAN Environment.......................................... 33

Using Equalizer E350/450/650GX in a Dual VLAN Environment ............................................ 34

Using Equalizer E350/450/650GX in a Complex VLAN Environment ..................................... 35

Link Aggregation ....................................................................................................36

Using a Second Equalizer as a Backup Unit ..........................................................36

Where Do I Go Next? ....................................................................................................37

Contents

Table of Contents

4 Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide

Installing and Configuring Equalizer Hardware 39

Before You Turn Equalizer On for the First Time ..........................................................40

Stepping Through the Hardware Installation .................................................................40

Setting Up a Terminal or Terminal Emulator .................................................................41

Serial Connection ...................................................................................................41

Performing Basic Equalizer Configuration .....................................................................41

Starting to Configure Equalizer ..............................................................................42

Configuring External and Internal Interfaces on E250GX ......................................42

Configuring the Default VLAN on E350/450/650GX ...............................................43

Setting the Time Zone ............................................................................................44

Setting the Date and Time ......................................................................................44

Adding Administrative Interface Logins ..................................................................44

Changing Equalizer’s Console Password ..............................................................45

Upgrading Equalizer Software ................................................................................45

Shutting Down Equalizer ........................................................................................46

Adding Alternate DNS Servers ...............................................................................46

Managing Remote Access to the Equalizer ...................................................................47

Managing the Remote Access Account .................................................................47

Using the Remote Access Account ........................................................................47

Configuring a Second Equalizer As a Backup (Failover) ...............................................48

Configuring DNS and Firewalls for Envoy .....................................................................48

Configuring the Authoritative Name Server to Query Envoy ..................................48

Using Geographic Load Balancing with Firewalls ..................................................48

Testing Basic Connectivity ............................................................................................49

Using the Administration Interface 51

Logging In and Navigating the Administrative Interface ................................................52

Logging In ...............................................................................................................52

Navigating Through the Interface ...........................................................................53

Managing Access to Equalizer ......................................................................................55

Viewing and Changing GUI and SSH Access ........................................................55

Updating the Administration Interface Certificate ..........................................................56

Managing Multiple Interface Users ................................................................................56

Objects and Permissions ........................................................................................57

Viewing or Modifying Login Permissions ................................................................59

Adding a Login .......................................................................................................60

Deleting a Login .....................................................................................................61

Entering Names for Equalizer Objects ..........................................................................61

Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide 5

Equalizer Network Configuration 63

VLAN Basics ..................................................................................................................64

Configuring VLANs on Equalizer ...................................................................................65

Configuring VLANs Using the VLAN Wizard ..........................................................66

Adding a VLAN Using the Add VLAN Command ...................................................67

Modifying a VLAN ...................................................................................................68

Deleting a VLAN .....................................................................................................70

Managing Gigabit Switch Ports .....................................................................................71

Switch Administration Interface ..............................................................................72

Viewing Link Status ................................................................................................................. 72

Viewing Current Port Settings.................................................................................................. 72

Editing Port Settings ................................................................................................................ 73

Commiting and Applying Switch Port Configuration Changes ................................................. 74

Switch Interface Usage Scenarios .........................................................................75

Resetting the Front-Panel Switch ...........................................................................75

Switch Interface Notes for Pre-GX Equalizer Hardware .........................................75

Configuring Static Routes ..............................................................................................76

Adding a Static Route .............................................................................................76

Modifying a Static Route ........................................................................................77

Deleting a Static Route ...........................................................................................77

Configuring Servers on Your Network ...........................................................................78

Configuring Routing on Servers .............................................................................78

Server Configuration Constraints ...........................................................................78

Configuring Equalizer Operation 81

Licensing Equalizer .......................................................................................................82

Requesting a License Online .................................................................................82

Requesting a License Offline .................................................................................84

Modifying Global Parameters ........................................................................................85

Global Probe Parameters .......................................................................................85

Global Networking Parameters ..............................................................................87

Setting Up a Failover Configuration ...............................................................................90

Failover Partition ....................................................................................................90

Failover Between Different Hardware & Software Versions ...................................91

Using Version 8.6 with Version 8.5.1 and GX/‘si’ Hardware.................................................... 91

Using a GX and an ‘si’ in Failover with Version 8.6 ................................................................. 92

Setting Up or Modifying Failover Using the Failover Wizard ..................................92

Enabling Failover Using the Failover Tabs .............................................................94

Manually Enabling Failover...................................................................................................... 94

Modifying the Failover Configuration ......................................................................99

Table of Contents

6 Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide

Disabling the Failover Configuration ......................................................................99

Re-enabling Failover After Disabling ....................................................................100

Clearing the Failover Configuration ......................................................................101

Modifying VLANs with Failover Configured ..........................................................101

Changing from a Multi-VLAN to a Single-VLAN Network Configuration ................................ 101

Managing System Time and NTP ................................................................................103

NTP and Plotting ..................................................................................................103

Selecting an NTP Server ......................................................................................104

General System Maintenance .....................................................................................106

Saving or Restoring Your Configuration ...............................................................106

Using a Backup Archive Created on Another Equalizer......................................................... 106

Backing Up Your Configuration.............................................................................................. 106

Restoring a Saved Configuration ........................................................................................... 107

Shutting Down Equalizer ......................................................................................107

Rebooting Equalizer .............................................................................................107

Creating a System Information Archive ................................................................108

Upgrading Equalizer Software ..............................................................................108

Administering Virtual Clusters 111

Working with Virtual Clusters .......................................................................................112

Adding a Layer 7 Virtual Cluster ...........................................................................113

Modifying a Layer 7 Virtual Cluster ......................................................................114

Layer 7 Required Tab ............................................................................................................ 114

Layer 7 Probes Tab................................................................................................................ 115

Layer 7 Persistence Tab ........................................................................................................ 116

LB Policy Tab ......................................................................................................................... 117

Layer 7 Networking Tab ......................................................................................................... 118

Layer 7 Security > Certificates Tab (HTTPS only) ................................................................. 119

Layer 7 Security > SSL Tab (HTTPS only) ............................................................................ 120

Adding a Layer 4 Virtual Cluster ...........................................................................121

Modifying a Layer 4 Virtual Cluster ......................................................................122

Layer 4 Required Tab ............................................................................................................ 122

Layer 4 Probes Tab................................................................................................................ 124

Layer 4 Persistence Tab ........................................................................................................ 125

LB Policy Tab ......................................................................................................................... 125

Deleting a Virtual Cluster ......................................................................................126

Copying an Existing Virtual Cluster ......................................................................126

Configuring a Cluster’s Load-Balancing Options .........................................................127

Equalizer’s Load Balancing Policies .....................................................................127

Equalizer’s Load Balancing Response Settings..................................................................... 128

Aggressive Load Balancing.................................................................................................... 128

Dynamic Weight Oscillations.................................................................................................. 128

Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide 7

Configuring a Cluster to Use Server Agents ........................................................128

Enabling Persistent Server Connections ..............................................................129

Enabling Sticky Connections ................................................................................................. 129

Enabling Cookies for Persistent Connections........................................................................ 130

Enabling the Once Only and Persist Options .......................................................131

Enabling Both the Once Only and Always Options................................................................ 133

Enabling Once Only and No Header Rewrite for HTTPS .....................................133

Enabling Once Only and Compression ................................................................134

Using Active Content Verification (ACV) ..............................................................134

Using ACV ............................................................................................................................. 134

Enabling ACV ........................................................................................................................ 135

HTTPS Header Insertion ......................................................................................136

Specifying a Custom Header for HTTPS Clusters ...............................................136

Performance Considerations for HTTPS Clusters ................................................137

HTTPS Performance and Xcel SSL Acceleration .................................................................. 137

Providing FTP Services on a Virtual Cluster ........................................................138

FTP Cluster Configuration ..................................................................................................... 138

Managing Servers .......................................................................................................140

The Server Table ..................................................................................................140

Server Software Configuration .............................................................................141

Adding a Server to a Cluster ................................................................................142

Modifying a Server ...............................................................................................144

Configuring Outbound NAT ..................................................................................145

Enabling Outbound NAT........................................................................................................ 146

Configuring Outbound NAT for a Server................................................................................ 146

Using Outbound NAT on a Server IP in Multiple Clusters ..................................................... 147

Adjusting a Server’s Initial Weight ........................................................................147

Setting initial Weights for Homogenous Clusters................................................................... 147

Setting initial Weights for Mixed Clusters .............................................................................. 148

Setting Maximum Connections per Server ...........................................................148

Maximum Connections Limits, Responders, and Hot Spares ............................................... 149

Interaction of Server Options and Connection Processing ...................................149

Shutting Down a Server Gracefully ......................................................................149

Removing a Layer 7 Server from Service .............................................................................. 150

Removing a Layer 4 Server from Service .............................................................................. 150

Deleting a Server ..................................................................................................150

Automatic Cluster Responders ....................................................................................152

Managing Responders .........................................................................................152

Adding a Responder .............................................................................................152

Modifying a Responder ........................................................................................154

Plotting Responder Statistics ...............................................................................154

Using Regular Expressions in Redirect Responders ...........................................154

Table of Contents

8 Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide

Example 1 -- HTTPS Redirect................................................................................................ 155

Example 2 -- Multi-Hostname Redirect .................................................................................. 156

Example 3 -- Directory Redirect ............................................................................................. 157

Using Responders in Match Rules .......................................................................158

Creating a Match Rule for a “Sorry Page”.............................................................................. 158

Creating a Match Rule to Redirect All Traffic for a Specific URL ........................................... 159

More Responder Examples ..................................................................................160

Responders and Hot Spares ................................................................................160

Configuring Smart Events ............................................................................................161

Smart Events Components ..................................................................................161

Smart Event Trigger Expressions .........................................................................161

Smart Event Action Functions and Variables .......................................................163

Smart Event Operators .........................................................................................165

Smart Event Configuration Parameters ................................................................165

Using IPMI to Power Servers On/Off ....................................................................166

Complex Smart Event Expressions ......................................................................166

Managing Smart Events .......................................................................................167

Adding a Smart Event ............................................................................................................ 167

Editing a Smart Event ............................................................................................................ 168

Deleting a Smart Event .......................................................................................................... 168

Displaying Smart Event Statistics .......................................................................................... 168

Using the Smart Event Expression Editor ............................................................168

Smart Event Examples .........................................................................................169

Logging a Message When Server Count is Low .................................................................... 169

Unquiescing a Server When Server Count is Low ................................................................. 170

Using IPMI to Conserve Server Resources ........................................................................... 172

Configuring Direct Server Return (DSR) .....................................................................177

Configuring Servers for Direct Server Return .......................................................179

Configuring Windows Server 2003 and IIS for DSR .............................................................. 180

Configuring a Linux System running Apache for DSR ........................................................... 180

Configuring a Loopback Interface on Other Systems for DSR............................................... 181

Weak and Strong Host Models and DSR............................................................................... 181

Testing Virtual Cluster Configuration ...........................................................................182

Testing Your Basic Configuration ................................................................................182

Monitoring Equalizer Operation 183

Displaying Equalizer System Information ....................................................................184

Displaying General Cluster Status ...............................................................................185

Displaying the System Event Log ................................................................................186

Displaying the Virtual Cluster Summary ......................................................................187

Displaying Global Connection Statistics ......................................................................189

Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide 9

Displaying Cluster Statistics ........................................................................................191

Displaying Server Statistics .........................................................................................191

Displaying Envoy Statistics ..........................................................................................191

Displaying Site Statistics .............................................................................................192

Plotting Global Performance History ...........................................................................193

Plotting Cluster Performance History ..........................................................................193

Plotting Server Performance History ...........................................................................194

Plotting Match Rule Performance History ....................................................................196

Plotting Responder Performance History ....................................................................196

Plotting GeoCluster Performance History ....................................................................196

Plotting Site Performance History ................................................................................197

Exporting Usage Statistics ...........................................................................................198

Configuring Custom Event Handling ...........................................................................200

Forwarding Equalizer Log Information .................................................................200

Specifying a Command to Run on an Event ........................................................200

Configuring Email Notification ..............................................................................201

Disabling Email Notification ..................................................................................202

Browsing Equalizer Configurations using SNMP .........................................................203

Enabling the SNMP Agent ....................................................................................204

Setting Up an SNMP Management Station ..........................................................205

MIB Description ....................................................................................................205

Siblings .................................................................................................................................. 206

Configuration and Status ....................................................................................................... 206

Clusters.................................................................................................................................. 206

Servers .................................................................................................................................. 206

Events.................................................................................................................................... 206

Using Match Rules 207

Why Match Rules? ......................................................................................................208

Match Rules Overview .........................................................................................208

Match Rule Processing ........................................................................................209

Match Rules, the Once Only Flag, and Cookies ..................................................210

General Match Expressions and Match Bodies ...........................................................211

Match Expressions ...............................................................................................211

Match Bodies ........................................................................................................212

Match Rule Definitions .........................................................................................213

Managing Match Rules ................................................................................................214

The Match Rules Table ........................................................................................214

Table of Contents

10 Equalizer Installation and Administration Guide

The Default Match Rule ........................................................................................215

Creating a New Match Rule .................................................................................216

Modifying a Match Rule ........................................................................................219

Removing a Match Rule .......................................................................................219

Match Functions ..........................................................................................................219

Match Function Notes ..........................................................................................224

Match Rule Behavior When Server Status is not ‘Up’............................................................ 224

Considering Case in String Comparisons .............................................................................. 224

Regular Expressions .............................................................................................................. 225

Supported Headers ................................................................................................................ 225

HTTPS Protocol Matching...................................................................................................... 225

Supported Characters in URIs ............................................................................................... 226

Logical Operators and Constructs in the GUI .......................................................226

Using Responders in Match Rules ..............................................................................227

Example Match Rules ..................................................................................................227

Parsing the URI Using Match Rules .....................................................................227

Changing Persistence Settings Using Match Rules .............................................229

Changing the Spoof (SNAT) Setting Using Match Rules .....................................231

Server Selection Based on Content Type Using Match Rules .............................233

Using the Custom Load Balancing Policy with Match Rules ................................235

Administering GeoClusters 237

Overview of Geographic Load Balancing with Envoy ..................................................238

Overview of Configuration Process ......................................................................238

Overview of Envoy Site Selection ........................................................................238

Licensing and Configuring Envoy ................................................................................242

Enabling Envoy ....................................................................................................242

Configuring the Authoritative Name Server to Query Envoy ................................242

Using Envoy with Firewalled Networks ................................................................244

Using Envoy with NAT Devices ............................................................................244

Upgrading a Version 7 GeoCluster to Version 8 ..................................................244

Working with GeoClusters ...........................................................................................245

Adding a GeoCluster ............................................................................................245

Viewing and Modifying GeoCluster Parameters ...................................................246

Deleting a GeoCluster ..........................................................................................248

Displaying Envoy Statistics ..................................................................................249

Plotting GeoCluster History ..................................................................................249

Working with Sites .......................................................................................................249

Adding a Site to a GeoCluster ..............................................................................249

Displaying and Modifying Site Information ...........................................................251

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