EG&G ORTEC Gamma-X Manuale di servizio

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PID

L

n

Gamma-X®

High-Purity

Germanium

(HPGe)

Coaxial

Detector

Systems

Preliminary

Operating

and

Service

Manual

Operating

and

Service

Manual

PRELIMINARY

®Trademark

owned

by

EG&G

ORTEC.

ii

Gamma-X

IMPORTANT

INFORMATION

1.

Read

carefully

the

standard

instructions

for

unpacking

the

system

and

filling

it

with

liquid

nitrogen,

and

the

checkout

procedures

that

are

included

in

Sections

2

and

3

of

this

manual.

2.

Fill

the

dewar

with

liquid

nitrogen

and

allow

at

least

six

hours

for

cooling

before

connecting

the

system

to

any

external

electronics.

ALWAYS

disconnect

the

system

from

external

electronics

before

allowing

it

to

warm

up.

NEVER

connect

the

system

to

external

electronics

before

the

detector

has

been

cooled

properly.

If

high

voltage

is

applied

to

the

detector

at

any

time

when

the

detector

is

not

at

liquid

nitrogen

temperature,

the

input

FET

of

the

preamplifier

may

be

damaged,

voiding

the

warranty.

A

damaged

input

FET

will

be

considered

"prima

facie"

evidence

that

high

voltage

has

been

applied

when

the

system

was

not

properly

cooled.

3.

NEVER

accelerate

a

warmup

of

the

cryostat

by

heating

it

with

an

external

source.

4.

The

plastic

bag

of

desiccant

pellets

over

the

cryostat-

preamplifier

assembly

absorbs

moisture

that

condenses

when

the

system

is

moved

from

a

cold

area

into

a

warm

area.

Leave

this

bag

in

place

until

the

system

has

been

in

the

warmer

atmosphere

long

enough

to

eliminate

any

danger

of

condensation.

5.

The

cylindrical

protrusion

(3/4

in.

diam

by

1

in.

long)

that

is

on

the

cryostat

is

the

vacuum

pump

attachment.

Do

not

tamper

with

this

at

any

time.

6.

Unlike

other

types

of

coaxial

germanium

detectors,

the

EG&G

ORTEC

Gamma-X

detector

requires

negative

bias.

7.

NEVER

warm

to

room

temperature

a

Gamma-X

detector

that

shows

signs

of

radiation

damage

(see

Sections

4

and

5

of

this

manual).

,

1^0

■'

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Gamma-X

111

QUALITY

ASSURANCE

DATA

Gairana-X

High-Purity

Ge

Coaxial

Detector

System

GENERAL

DATA

Model

No.6A)X-3oaiO-5

Serial

No.

3l|-M-74^B

Shipping

Date

^-3

i

PHYSICAL

MEASUREMENTS

mm

{

Absorbing

Layers:

mm

j

Aluminum

^

^

cc

ISO

Ge

Dead

Layer

D.

"hM-

Window

to

Detector

5.0mm

Teflon

O

mm

Diameter

Length

Active

Vol

mm

Total

Capacitance

—'

ELECTRICAL

DATA

pF

at

V.

Recommended

Operating

Bias,

NEGATIVE

j"

ooo

V.

Preamplifier

Input

FET

(Cooled)

(Not

coolod).

PERFORMANCE

SPECIFICATIONS

Warranted

Measured

Efficiency

at

1.33

MeV

(1)

30

%

Resolution

at

1.33

MeV

.(1)

(

Resolution

at

88

keV

1)

Resolution

at

122

keV

(

_keV

eV

1)

^keV

Ratio

of

22

keV

counts

to

109

88

keV

counts

from

Cd

31.3

%

I

6

keV

eV

170

eV

OH

Amplifier

Time

Constant

(fi

PS

(o

us

us

(p

us

uS

(1)

Measured

in

accordance

with

IEEE

Standard

645-1977

(Supplement

to

IEEE

Standard

645-1977

(Supplement

to

IEEE

Std

325-1971,

Reaff

1977)

using

EG&G

ORTEC

standard

electronics.

Data

Certified

by

HJa

Date

CAUTION

Models

20

and

21

cryostats

can

be

damaged

by

unnecessary

overfilling

if

it

is

continued

long

enough

to

lower

the

temperature

of

the

flange

appreciably.

Never

allow

an

automatic

filling

to

proceed

without

supervision.

Any

extended

overfilling

of

the

LN2

can

freeze

the

Viton

0-

ring

and

cause

loss

of

vacuum,

which

may

seriously

damage

the

detector.

Gamma-X

is

a

Trademark

owned

by

EG&G

ORTEC

iv

Gairana-X

GAMMA-X

HIGH-PURITY

GERMANIUM

(HPGe)

COAXIAL

DETECTOR

SYSTEMS

Warranty

Statement

EG&G

ORTEC

warrants

its

Gamma-X

HPGe

Coaxial

Detector Systems

to

be

free

from

defects

in

material

and

workmanship

for

a

period

of

one

year

after

shipment.

EG&G

ORTEC

guarantees

that

the

detector

system

will

operate

within

the

warranted

specifications

regardless

of

the

number

of

thermal

cycles

between

liquid

nitrogen

temperature

and

room

temperature

to

which

the

system

has

been

subjected

and

regardless

of

how

long

the

system

has

been

stored

at

room

temperature

during

the

one-year

period.

This

warranty

is

subject

to

the

following

customer

obligations:

1.

The

cryogenic

FET

has

not

been

damaged.

2.

The

system

has

not

been

physically

or

electrically

abused.

3.

The

detector

has

not

been

subjected

to

neutron

damage.

Should

the

detector

system

fail,

through

no

fault

of

the

customer,

during

the

warranty

period,

and

having

at

all

times

been

handled

in

accordance

with

the

above

described

customer

obligations,

it

will

be

repaired

or

replaced

without

charge,

at

EG&G

ORTEC's

option,

and

will

be

fully

warranted

to

within

the

original

specifications

for

three

months

or

for

the

remainder

of

the

warranty

period,

whichever

is

longer.

EG&G

ORTEC's

liability

on

any

claim

of

any

kind,

including

negligence,

loss

or

damages

arising

out

of,

connected

with,

or

from

the

performance

or

breach

thereof,

or

from

the

manufacture,

sale,

delivery,

resale,

repair,

or

use

of

any

item

or

services

covered

by

this

agreement

or

purchase

order,

shall

in

no

case

exceed

the

price

allocable

to

the

item

or

service

furnished

or

any

part

thereof

that

gives

rise

to

the

claim.

In

no

event

shall

EG&G

ORTEC

be

liable

for

special

or

consequential

damages.

EG&G

ORTEC

makes

no

other

warranties,

expressed

or

implied,

and

specifically

NO

WARRANTY

OF

MERCHANTABILITY

OR

FITNESS

FOR

A

PARTICULAR

PURPOSE.

Gamma-X

v

Instructions

for

Returning

a

Gamma-X

HPGe

Detector

Coaxial

Detector

System

If,

for

any

reason,

it

becomes

necessary

to

return

a

Gamma-X

Coaxial

Detector

System

for

repair

or

replacement,

please

note

the

following

Instructions

and

precautions

regarding

shipment.

!•

Contact

EG&G

ORTEC

Contact

the

nearest

EG&G

ORTEC

representative

[in

the

U.S.

call

Customer

Services,

EG&G

ORTEC

Physical

Sciences

Division,

(615)

482-4411]

for

specific

Instructions

and

authorization

for

returning

the

detector.

Any

detector

that

Is

returned

without

prior

notification

having

been

given

to

EG&G

ORTEC

could

result

In

loss

or

damage

and

would

be

automatically

considered

out-of-warranty.

2.

Proper

Packing

A

detector

"returns

kit"

must

be

utilized

for

return

shipment.

The

kit

contains

the

necessary

Instructions

and

material

to

ensure

proper

packing.

Contact

the

nearest

EG&G

ORTEC representative

for

the

correct

returns

kit

for

your

particular

detector

before

attempting

return.

Improper

packing

could

result

In

shipment

damage

that

would

not

be

covered

under

the

EG&G

ORTEC

warranty

or

the

freight

forwarder's

Insurance

policy.

3.

Shipment

Coordination

and

Communications

Detectors

should

be

returned

through

the

freight

forwarder

collect.

For

out-of-warranty

repairs,

the

shipping

charges

will

be

billed

to

the

customer.

For

In-warranty

repairs,

the

reshlpment

charges

will

be

paid

by

the

customer.

Weekend

delays

In

transit

should

be

avoided;

thus

an

early

weekday

shipment

Is

recommended.

We

highly

recommend

that

the

customer

utilize

the

EG&G

ORTEC

preferred

forwarder

who

Is

familiar

with

shipment

of

HPGe

Coaxial

detectors.

EG&G

ORTEC

must

be

notified

of

specific

details

of

the

returning

shipment

(I.e.

,

freight

forwarder,

air

freight

carrier,

date,

time,

airway

bill

number,

etc.)

at

the

time

of

shipment

to

ensure

attention

upon

receipt

at

the

repair

facility.

The

Instructions

and

precautions

stated

herein

are

to

ensure

proper

attention

In

handling

the

shipment

of

an

expensive

radiation

detector.

Do

not

be

apprehensive

because

of

these

precautions.

Detectors

are

shipped

successfully

all

over

the

world

when

just

these

few

precautions

are

followed.

When

In

doubt

about

any

of

the

above-mentioned

precautions

or

Instructions,

please

contact

the

nearest

EG&G

ORTEC

representative

for

assistance.

vi

Gamma—X

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

1.

GENERAL

1

1.1.

The

Gamma-X

Detector

Concept

1

1.2.

Cryostat Configuration

2

1.3.

Accidental

Warm

Up

Protection

4

1.4.

Spectroscopy

with

Gamma-X

Detectors

5

2.

RECEIVING,

UNPACKING,

AND

FILLING

WITH

LIQUID

NITROGEN

7

2.1.

General

7

2.2.

Unpacking

and

Filling

with

Liquid

Nitrogen

7

3.

CHECKOUT

AND

OPERATION

11

3.1.

General

11

3.2.

Test

Before

Application

of

Bias

13

3.3.

Detector

Resolution

Measurements

14

3.4.

Peak-to-Compton

Measurements

16

3.5.

Efficiency

Measurement

17

3.6.

^'^^Cd

Source

Measurements

18

4.

NEUTRON

RADIATION

DAMAGE

19

4.1.

General

19

4.2.

Neutron

Radiation

Damage

in

the

Gamma-X

Detector

19

5.

MAINTENANCE

AND

TROUBLESHOOTING

21

5.1.

Liquid

Nitrogen

21

5.2.

Packing

for

Reshipment

22

5.3.

Troubleshooting

Suggestions

22

APPENDIX

-

REFERENCES

29

Ganma-X

1.

GENERAL

1.1.

THE

GAMMA-X^

DETECTOR

CONCEPT

The

EG&G

ORTEC

Gainina-X

Detector

is

based

on

a

new

concept

in

coaxial

germanium

detector

geometries.^

Therefore

a

brief

description

of

this

concept

will

facilitate

the

use

of

this

instruction

manual.

Four

different

configurations

of

germanium

detectors,

both

Ge(Li)

and

HPGe,

are

shown

in

Fig.

1.1.

It

is

immediately

apparent

that

the

Gamma-X

detector

structure

is

the

only

one

in

which

the

outer

contact

is

sufficiently

thin

to

allow

low

energy

x-rays

to

penetrate

into

the

active

volume

of

the

detector.

For

practical

reasons,

this

type

of

structure

is

presently

the

best

implemented

by

using

N-

rather

than

P-type

HPGe

material.

500-1000

MICRONS

300

600

MICRONS

RADIATION

RADIATION

P-TYPE

CORE

CONVENTIONAL

COAXIAL

HP

G«

CLOSED

END

G*(Li)

0.3

MICRONS

N-TYPE

HP

Ge

100-200

MICRONS

RADIATION

RADIATION

P-TYPE

CORE

P-TYPE

HP

G«

TRUE

COAXIAL

G«<Li)

Very

Thick

Contact

-300-1000

MIcront

Thick

Contact

-100-

200

Microns

Very

Thin

Contact

0,3

Microns

Fig.

1.1.

Four

Different

Configurations

of

Coaxial

Germanium

Detectors

In

the

Gamma-X

structure,

a

"thick"

strongly

N-type

(Li-diffused)

contact

is

used

as

the

inner

electrode

while

a

thin,

ion

implanted,

strongly

P-type

contact

is

used

as

the

outer

electrode.

Bias

voltage

for

all

the

coaxial

detectors

shown

in

Fig.

1.1

is

applied

to

the

outer

electrode,

while

the

signal

is

picked

up

from

the

inner

electrode.

Since

the

positions

of

the

P-type

and

N-type

materials