FireBird Bio-Tec Manuale utente

Bio

Bio-

-Tec

Tec

Wood Gasification Boiler

Contents

I. Understanding Wood Gasification Technology

II. The Firebird Bio-Tec Wood Gasification Boiler

III. User Operation

IV. Installation & commissioning

V. Maintenance

VI. Sales & Marketing information

(Pricing, components, literature)

Part I

Understanding

Wood Gasification Technology

Background

•Wood gasification boilers have evolved over the past

decade and today can ensure a very efficient and

clean combustion of wood

•Characteristics

– Efficiencies between 85% and 90%

– Cheap fuel source (free if you have you own timber)

– Carbon-neutral heating

– low emissions – the cleanest form of wood burning

– ash waste ensure minimal of cleaning

How it works

•Dried wood is loaded and burnt

in the upper chamber

•Gases released from the

combusting wood are drawn

down to the lower chamber by

extractor fan (located at the flue

outlet)

•These gases are mixed with a

regulated supply of oxygen

(secondary air) to create a

complete oxidation process

How does wood burn ?

There are essentially 3 stages involved in burning wood…

I. When the wood is first heated most of the energy is used to

remove the moisture from it

II. As the wood heats up (100ºC to 300ºC) it starts to smoke.

Smoke is a cloud of combustible gases (CO2, CO, H, CxHy,

etc.) and tar droplets

– Smoke will burn if the temperature is high enough and enough

combustion air is supplied.

– If the smoke does not burn it will flow into the chimney where it will

either condense as creosote or go outside as air pollution (waste)

III. As the fire progresses and most of the gases and tars have

vaporized out of the wood and charcoal remains. Charcoal is

almost 100% carbon and burns with a red glow and very little

flame or smoke

Gasification v. Conv. Wood Boiler

• Forced draft (fan)

• Automatic

primary/secondary air

valves

• Flue gas monitoring

• Fast hot burn (>1200°C)

• No tar or charcoal build up

• Single fill of wood per day

• Uses approx. 40% less

wood

• Natural draft

• Manual

primary/secondary air

valves

• No monitoring gases

• Slow cool burn (800°C)

• Tar/charcoal build up

• Must burn when heating

is required

• Uses more wood

Types of Fuel

•As the name implies, wood gasification boilers can

only be used to burn wood. Coal, peat, refuse, etc.

can not be used in the Bio-Tec boiler

•Best woods

– Hard woods like Ash, Oak & Beech enable a longer burn time

– Spruce, etc. burn quicker and create more ash waste

•What is the energy content of wood?

– it depends mainly on the moisture content. Bone dry wood of any

species has about the same calorific value of ca. 19 MJ/Kg

– Dried wood ~ 14.5 MJ/Kg @ 20% moisture

– Wood pellets ~ 18.0 MJ/Kg @ <10% moisture

– Kerosene ~ 43.1 MJ/Kg or 34.9 MJ/litre

Fuel Cost Comparison

•Kerosene delivers about 3 times more heat energy

per Kg than dried wood (43.1 MJ/Kg v. 14.5 MJ/Kg)

or 1 litre of Kerosene =~ 2.5 Kg of dried wood

•Sample fuel costs

– Kerosene €0.90 / litre = €1.11 / Kg

– Dried wood €150 / Tonne = €0.15 / Kg

•Compare annual heating costs

– 2000 litres of Kerosene = €1,800

– Equivalent to 5000 Kg of wood = € 750

– Annual SAVINGS = €1,050

The impact of moisture

•The less moisture the better the heating energy of

wood as the below chart demonstrates;

•A high moisture content will cause a buildup of tar

and soot in the chimney and the increased

condensation occurring inside the boiler will reduce

its lifespan

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