Gunt ET 796 Manuale utente

Instruction Manual

ET 796 Gas Turbine as Jet

Engine

DTP_3

11/2007

Instruction Manual

Please read and follow the safety regulations before the first installation!

Publication-no.: 916.000 00 B 796 03 (A) DTP_3

ET 796

GAS TURBINE AS JET ENGINE

Table of Contents

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

2 System description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.1 Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.1.1 Jet turbine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

2.1.2 Fuel system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.1.3 Starter and ignition system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2.2 Controls. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

2.3 Layout of the experimental module . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

2.4 Setting up and maintaining the gas turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4.1 Checking the gas turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

2.4.2 Setting up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

2.5 Operation of the gas turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.5.1 Preparations for starting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

2.5.2 Starting up the gas turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.5.3 Operation of the gas turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.5.4 Shutting down the gas turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2.6 Maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.6.1 Glow plug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.6.2 Inspecting the turbine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.7 Faults and fault rectification. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.8 Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

3 Safety instructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

3.1 Hazards for life and limb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

3.2 Special safety rules for handling kerosene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

3.3 Hazards for unit and function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

ET 796

GAS TURBINE AS JET ENGINE

11/2007

4 The open gas turbine process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.1 Representation in heat diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.1.1 Thermal efficiency (ideal) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

4.1.2 Specific work capacity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.1.3 Representation in p/v diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.2 Gas turbine as jet engine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

5 Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5.1 Recording of measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

5.2 Air mass flow and fuel mass flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

5.3 Further characteristic quantities of an aeroplane jet turbine . . . . . . 45

5.4 Evaluation of measurement results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

5.4.1 Representation of measured data in diagrams . . . . . . . . . . 48

5.4.2 Calculation of air ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

6 Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

6.1 Working sheet for recording measured values . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

6.2 Technical data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

6.3 Symbols. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.4 Parts of delivery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59

6.5 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

iii

ET 796

GAS TURBINE AS JET ENGINE

11/2007

1 Introduction

With the ET796 experimental module the function

and performance of a gas turbine can be demon-

strated and studied on model scale. Gas turbine

systems are used to generate mechanical and

electrical energy:

•Driving electricity generators in power

stations

•Driving compressors and pumps in oil and

gas production

•Driving ships, locomotives and heavy

vehicles

•For the propulsion of aircraft with propeller

and jet engines

Gas turbines are always used when high power

density, low weight and quick starting are required.

Contrary to piston engines, as fluid flow machines

they permit high material flow rates with small

dimensions. In this way lightweight, powerful

drives can be realised.

As the moving parts of a gas turbine only perform

rotary motion, almost vibration free running can be

achieved if the turbine is well balanced. Disad-

vantages are the high gas speeds and high noise

emissions due to the simultaneous connection to

the atmosphere.

In comparison to steam turbines, gas turbines

work at higher temperatures but with lower

pressures. The high temperatures particularly in

the area of the turbine require particularly heat

resistant materials.

1 Introduction 1

ET 796

GAS TURBINE AS JET ENGINE

11/2007

Fig. 1.1 Jet engine for the propulsion of

an aircraft

The experimental module includes a one-shaft

system. All components necessary for the

operation of the system are combined in a

compact arrangement on a trolley on castors.

The system is of straightforward construction and

is specially designed for training purposes. The

control and display of all important process

parameters is combined on a control panel.

Computerised data acquisition with evaluation

software permits online logging and graphical

representation of all relevant process variables.

As well as demonstrating how the system works,

the set-up can also be used to undertake

qualitative studies such as to determine the thrust,

and other characteristic data of the gas turbine.

2 1 Introduction

ET 796

GAS TURBINE AS JET ENGINE

11/2007

2 System description

The experimental module includes a complete gas

turbine system with the following subsystems:

–Model gas jet turbine comprising com-

pressor (1), turbine (2), combustion chamber

(3) and thrust nozzle with thrust gauge (4).

–Fuel system comprising tank (6), fuel pump

(7), quick-acting gate valve (8) and control

electronics (9).

–Starter and ignition system with starter

motor (10), auxiliary fuel valve (11) and glow

plug (12).

–Measuring instruments and controls with

temperature, flow rate, speed and pressure

measuring points and associated displays.

These also include the safety elements such

as temperature and speed governors.

A process schematic with all subsystems is given

on the next page.

2 System description 3

ET 796

GAS TURBINE AS JET ENGINE

11/2007

4 2 System description

ET 796

GAS TURBINE AS JET ENGINE

11/2007

Fig. 2.1 Prozessdiagram Gasturbine

10 12

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