Hameg HM 604-2 Manuale utente

Subject to change without notice

1. Ge eral I formatio ............................................................... 6

1. 1. Symbols used for the instrument ......................................... 6

1. 2. Tilt handle .............................................................................. 6

1. 3. Safety hints ........................................................................... 6

1. 4. Operating Conditions ............................................................ 7

1. 5. Warranty ............................................................................... 8

1. 6. Maintenance ......................................................................... 8

Fro t pa el / Co trol eleme ts HM6042.................................. 9

2. Set-up of the i strume t ...................................................... 10

2. 1. Safety advice .......................................................................10

2. 2. General ................................................................................. 10

2. 3. Selecting the line voltage .....................................................10

2. 4. Screen settings ....................................................................11

2. 4. 1. Adjusting the trace rotation .............................................11

2. 4. 2. Adjusting Y-POS./X-POS. .................................................11

3. Performi g device tests ........................................................ 11

3. 1. Choosing the DUT type........................................................12

3. 2. Setting the test ranges ........................................................12

3. 3. Displaying curves .................................................................13

3. 4. Measuring device parameters .............................................14

3. 5. Using the cursor functions ...................................................14

3. 6. Memory function, component matching ............................. 15

4. Applicatio examples............................................................ 15

4. 1. Characteristic curves of a bipolar transistor.........................15

4. 2. Characteristic curves of a field effect transistor ..................16

4. 3. Component matching ..........................................................16

Table of co te ts

St.291097/Bra

Subject to change without notice 3

Instruments

HM6042

14.12.1995

Ke li ie schreiber / Curve Tracer

KONFORMITÄTSERKLÄRUNG

DECLARATION OF CONFORMITY

DECLARATION DE CONFORMITE

Name u d Adresse des Herstellers HAMEG GmbH

Ma ufacturer´s ame a d address Kelsterbacherstraße 15-19

Nom et adresse du fabrica t D - 60528 Fra kfurt

HAMEG S.a.r.l.

5, av de la République

F - 94800 Villejuif

Die HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l beschei igt die Ko formität für das Produkt

The HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l herewith declares co formity of the product

HAMEG GmbH / HAMEG S.a.r.l déclare la co formite du produit

Bezeich u g / Product ame / Desig atio :

Typ / Type / Type:

mit / with / avec:

Optio e / Optio s / Optio s:

mit de folge de Bestimmu ge / with applicable regulatio s / avec les directives suiva tes

EMV Richtli ie 89/336/EWG ergä zt durch 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EWG

EMC Directive 89/336/EEC ame ded by 91/263/EWG, 92/31/EEC

Directive EMC 89/336/CEE ame dée par 91/263/EWG, 92/31/CEE

Niederspa u gsrichtli ie 73/23/EWG ergä zt durch 93/68/EWG

Low-Voltage Equipme t Directive 73/23/EEC ame ded by 93/68/EEC

Directive des equipeme ts basse te sio 73/23/CEE ame dée par 93/68/CEE

A gewe dete harmo isierte Norme / Harmo ized sta dards applied / Normes harmo isées utilisées

Sicherheit / Safety / Sécurité

EN 61010-1: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1010-1: 1990 A 1: 1992 / VDE 0411: 1994

Überspa u gskategorie / Overvoltage category / Catégorie de surte sio : II

Verschmutzu gsgrad / Degree of pollutio / Degré de pollutio : 2

Elektromag etische Verträglichkeit / Electromag etic compatibility / Compatibilité électromag étique

EN 50082-2: 1995 / VDE 0839 T82-2

ENV 50140: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1004-4-3: 1995 / VDE 0847 T3

ENV 50141: 1993 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-6 / VDE 0843 / 6

EN 61000-4-2: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-2: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-2: Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 2

EN 61000-4-4: 1995 / IEC (CEI) 1000-4-4: 1995 / VDE 0847 T4-4: Prüfschärfe / Level / Niveau = 3

EN 50081-1: 1992 / EN 55011: 1991 / CISPR11: 1991 / VDE0875 T11: 1992

Gruppe / group / groupe = 1, Klasse / Class / Classe = B

Datum /Date /Date U terschrift / Sig ature /Sig atur

E. Baumgart er

Tech ical Ma ager

Directeur Tech ique

Subject to change without notice

Ge eral i formatio regardi g the CE marki g

HAMEG instruments fulfill the regulations of the EMC directive. The conformity

test made by HAMEG is based on the actual generic- and product standards.

In cases where different limit values are applicable, HAMEG applies the severer

standard. For emission the limits for residential, commercial and light industry

are applied. Regarding the immunity (susceptibility) the limits for industrial

environment have been used.

The measuring- and data lines of the instrument have much influence on

emmission and immunity and therefore on meeting the acceptance limits. For

different applications the lines and/or cables used may be different. For

measurement operation the following hints and conditions regarding emission

and immunity should be observed:

1. Data cables

For the connection between instruments resp. their interfaces and external

devices, (computer, printer etc.) sufficiently screened cables must be used.

Without a special instruction in the manual for a reduced cable length, the

maximum cable length of a dataline must be less than 3 meters long. If an

interface has several connectors only one connector must have a connection

to a cable.

Basically interconnections must have a double screening. For IEEE-bus purposes

the double screened cables HZ72S and HZ72L from HAMEG are suitable.

2. Sig al cables

Basically test leads for signal interconnection between test point and instrument

should be as short as possible. Without instruction in the manual for a shorter

length, signal lines must be less than 3 meters long.

Signal lines must screened (coaxial cable - RG58/U). A proper ground connection

is required. In combination with signal generators double screened cables

(RG223/U, RG214/U) must be used.

3. I flue ce o measuri g i strume ts.

Under the presence of strong high frequency electric or magnetic fields, even

with careful setup of the measuring equipment an influence of such signals is

unavoidable.

This will not cause damage or put the instrument out of operation. Small

deviations of the measuring value (reading) exceeding the instruments

specifications may result from such conditions in individual cases.

December 1995

HAMEG GmbH

Subject to change without notice 5

Curve Tracer HM6042

■■

■Ease of Operatio

■Characterisatio a d Test of

Semico ductor Devices

■Accurate Cursor Measureme ts

■Quick a d easy Compariso

of Semico ductors

■Refere ce Data Memory

■O -Scree Display of 5 Curves

■Low Power Co sumptio

The HM6042 Curve Tracer is used to accurately display the characteristics of two and three terminal

semiconductor devices. The instrument combines ease of operation and versatile features at an

affordable price. Unlike its counterpart, the HM8042 plug-in unit, it uses a built-in CRT and an LCD to

display the characteristics of the device under test.

The HM6042 displays a set of 5 curves at a time. All numeric values and parametric data can be

read out on a 2x16 digit LCD. Device type and all relevant parameters are selected and modified by a

simple front-panel keypad entry. Collector voltage and current parameters are easily changed. A 3-

step power limiter avoids damage of the Device Under Test by excessive power.

One set of parameters can be stored in memory for comparison of one device to another or a

reference device. This feature gives substantial enhancements in productivity when matching

semiconductors. Two cursors can be moved along the displayed curves. X and Y position of the cursor

will be displayed on the screen. Basic accuracy is 2% of the measurement value. Measured parameters

are: base voltage, base current, collector current, collector voltage and Beta. The dynamic parameters

h11, h21, and h22 are calculated by the i ter al processor.

A device adapter socket with side-by-side terminals for two devices for the comparison of two

semiconductors is supplied with the instrument.

The HM6042 is remarkably easy to operate. This makes the instrument also ideally suited for

educational use.

Specificatio s

(Reference Temperature 23°C ± 1°C)

Measureme t Ra ges

3 Voltage Ra ges:

Collector/Drain Voltages ≤2V, 10V, 40V ±5%

3 Curre t ra ges:

Collector/Drain Currents ≤ 2mA, 20mA, 200mA ±5%

3 Power Ra ges:

Output Power ≤0.04W, 0.4W, 4W ±10%

Base-/Gate-Voltages a d Curre ts:

Ib1µA to 10mA Vbto 2V ±5% Vgto 10V ±5%

Accuracy

Accuracy of Static Values:

Vc/d ± (2% o.v.1) + 3 Dig.) Ic/d ± (2% o.v. + 3 Dig.)

Ib± (2% o.v. + 3 Dig.) Vb± (2% o.v. + 3 Dig.)

Vg± (3% o.v. + 3 Dig.)

ββ

βto 1000: ± (5 % o.v. + 3 Dig.)

to 100000: ± [(6 + 0.001 x β) % o.v. + 3 Dig.]

Accuracy of Dy amic Values:

h11 ≤1000Ω± (12% o.v. + 3 Dig.)

≥ 1000Ω

± [(12 + 0.001 meas. value) % o.v.+ 3 Dig.]

h21 ≤1000 ± (12% o.v. + 3 Dig.)

≥ 1000

± [(12 + 0.001 meas. value) % o.v.+ 3 Dig.]

y21 ≤1000mS ± (12% o.v.. + 3 Dig.)

h/y22 ≤1000mS ± (12% o.v.. + 3 Dig.)

Miscella eous

Reference measurement values can be stored for component

selection.

Cursor Measureme ts:

Si gle mode: The Cursor marks the position from which the

measurement value is calculated.

Tracki g mode: Two Cursors mark the positions, from hich

the h/y-Parameter measurement values are calculated.

Evaluatio of curves from

Diodes, Zener Diodes, NPN/PNP-Transistors,

FET/MOS-FET (N/P-Channel), Thyristors

Display: 2x16-Digit, LCD

Presentation of measurement values from a set of 5 curves

on CRT.

Ge eral I formatio

CRT: D14-364GY/123 or ER151-GH/-,

6" rectangular screen (8x10cm) internal graticule

Acceleratio voltage: approx. 2000V

Trace rotatio : adjustable on front panel

Line voltage: 100-240V AC ±10%, 50/60Hz

Power co sumptio : approx. 36 Watt at 50Hz.

Min./Max. ambient temperature: 0°C...+40°C

Protective system: Safety class I (IEC 1010-1)

Weight: approx. 5.6kg, color: techno-brown

Cabinet: W 285, H125, D380 mm

1) o.v. = of value

Subject to change without notice

1. Ge eral I formatio

The Curve Tracer HM6042 is easy to operate. The logical arrangement of

the controls allows anyone to quickly become familiar with the operation

of the instrument. However, experienced users are also advised to read

through these instructions so that all functions are understood. Immediately

after unpacking, the instrument should be checked for mechanical damage

and loose parts in the interior. If there is transport damage, the supplier

must be informed immediately. The instrument must then not be put into

operation.

1. 1. Symbols used for the i strume t

ATTENTION - refer to manual

Danger - High voltage

Protective ground (earth) terminal

1. 2. Tilt ha dle

To view the CRT screen from

the best angle, there are

three different positions (C,

D, and E) for setting up the

instrument. If the instrument

is set down on the floor after

being carried, the handle

automatically remains in the

upright carrying position (A).

In order to place the

instrument onto a horizontal

surface, the handle should be

turned to the upper side of

the Curve Tracer (C). For the

D position (10° inclination),

the handle should be turned

to the opposite direction of

the carrying position until it locks in place automatically underneath the

instrument. For the E position (20° inclination), the handle should be pulled

to release it from the D position and swing backwards until it locks once

more. The handle may also be set to a position for horizontal carrying by

turning it to the upper side to lock in the B position. At the same time, the

instrument must be lifted, because otherwise the handle will jump back.

1. 3. Safety hi ts

This instrument has been designed and tested in accordance with IEC

Publication 1010-1, Safety requirements for electrical equipment for

measurement, control, and laboratory use. The CENELEC regulations EN

Subject to change without notice 7

61010-1 correspond to this standard. It has left the factory in a safe

condition. This operating manual contains important information and

warnings that have to be followed by the user to ensure safe operation

and to retain the Curve Tracer in a safe condition. The case, chassis and all

measuring terminals are connected to the protective earth contact of the

appliance inlet. The instrument operates according to Safety Class I (three-

conductor power cord with protective ground conductor and a plug with

ground contact). The mains/line plug shall only be inserted in a socket

outlet provided with a protective ground contact. The protective action

must not be negated by the use of an extension cord without a protective

conductor.

The grounded accessible metal parts (case, sockets, and jacks) and the

mains/line supply contacts (line/live, neutral) of the instrument have been

tested against insulation breakdown with 2200V DC. Under certain

conditions, 50Hz or 60Hz hum voltages can occur in the measuring circuit

due to the interconnection with other mains/line-powered equipment or

instruments. This can be avoided by using an isolation transformer (Safety

Class II) between the mains/line outlet and the power plug of the device

being investigated.

Cathode-ray tubes normally emit X-rays. However, the dose equivalent

rate falls far below the maximum permissible value of 36 pA/kg (0.5mR/h).

Whenever it is likely that protection has been impaired, the instrument

shall be made inoperative and be secured against any unintended operation.

The protection is likely to be impaired if, for example, the instrument

- shows visible damage,

- fails to perform the intended measurements,

- has been subjected to prolonged storage under unfavorable conditions

(e.g. in the open or in moist environments),

- has been subject to severe transport stress (e.g. in poor packaging).

1. 4. Operati g Co ditio s

The instrument has been designed for indoor use. The permissible ambient

temperature range during operation is +10°C (+50°F) ... +40°C (+104°F).

It may occasionally be subjected to temperatures between +10°C (+50°F)

and -10°C (+14°F) without degrading its safety. The permissible ambient

temperature range for storage or transportation is -40°C (+14°F) ... +70°C

(+158°F).

The maximum operating altitude is up to 2200 m; the maximum relative

humidity is up to 80%. If condensed water exists in the instrument it

should be acclimatized before switching on. In some cases (e.g. instrument

extremely cold) two hours should be allowed before the instrument is put

into operation. The instrument should be kept in a clean and dry room and

must not be operated in explosive, corrosive, dusty, or moist environments.

The Curve Tracer can be operated in any position, but the convection cooling

must not be impaired. For continuous operation the instrument should be

used in the horizontal position, preferably tilted upwards, resting on the tilt

handle.

Subject to change without notice

The specifications stating tolerances are only valid if the instrument has

warmed up for 60 minutes at an ambient temperature between +15°C

(+59°F) and +30°C (+86°F). Values without tolerances are typical for an

average instrument.

1. 5. Warra ty

HAMEG warrants to its customers that the products it manufactures and

sells will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period

of two years. This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage

caused by improper use or inadequate maintenance and care. HAMEG

shall not be obliged to provide service under this warranty to repair damage

resulting from attempts by personnel other than HAMEG representatives

to install, repair, service, or modify these products.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, customers have to contact

and notify their distributor.

Each instrument is subjected to a quality test with ten-hour burn-in before

leaving the factory. Practically all early failures are detected by this method.

In the case of shipments by post, rail, or carrier it is recommended to

preserve the original packing carefully. Transport damages and damage

due to gross negligence is not covered by warranty.

In the case of a complaint, a label should be attached to the housing of the

instrument that describes briefly the faults observed. If at the same time

the name and telephone number (dialing code and telephone or direct

number or department designation) is stated for possible queries, this helps

towards speeding up the processing of warranty claims.

1. 6. Mai te a ce

Various important properties of the instrument should be checked carefully

in certain intervals to ensure that all signals and measurement results are

displayed with the accuracy on which the technical data are based.

The exterior of the instrument should be cleaned regularly with a dusting

brush. Dirt that is difficult to remove on the casing and handle, the plastic

and alloy parts, can be removed with a moistened cloth (99% water +1%

mild detergent). Spirit or washing benzene (petroleum ether) can be used

to remove greasy dirt.

The screen may be cleaned with water or washing benzene (but not with

spirit (alcohol) or solvents), it must then be wiped with a dry clean lint-free

cloth. Under no circumstances may the cleaning fluid get into the

instrument. The use of other cleaning agents can attack the plastic and

paint surfaces.

Subject to change without notice 9

Fro t pa el / Co trol eleme ts HM6042

(1) POWER

Power switch (mains).

(2) INTENS

Adjust the beam intensity.

(3) FOCUS

Adjust the beam sharpness.

(4) DISPLAY (LCD)

Indicates measurement results

and parameters.

(5) ← → ← →

← → ← →

← → (push butto s)

Select the parameters to be measured

(5) MEMORY (push butto )

Store measured values and enable

compare function

(6) CURSOR (push butto )

Move cursor from curve to curve.

(7) (LED bar)

Indicates the selected cursor function.

(8) Tune test voltages and currents.

(9) ↕ ↕

↕ ↕

↕ FUNCTION (push butto )

Select one of the cursor functions.

(10)INT. LCD

Adjust the contrast of the LCD.

(11/12) Y-POS X-POS

Adjust the trace in vertical and

horizontal position.

(13)TR

Adjust the trace rotation.

(14)DUT (push butto )

Start/stop test, connect/disconnect

the Device Under Test

(15)BIP/FET (switch)

Select between bipolar and field

effect transistor/diode.

(16)NPN/PNP (switch)

Select between NPN and PNP

transistors.

(17)E/S; C/D; B/G (jacks)

Mechanical and electrical connection

for the DEVICE ADAPTER.

(18)200mA, 20A, 2 mA (LED bar)

Indicates selected max. test current

(19)Imax. (push butto s)

Select max. test current.

(20)40V, 10V, 2V (LED bar)

Indicates selected max. test voltage

(21)Vmax. (push butto s)

Select max. test voltage.

(22)4W, 0.4W, 0.04W (LED bar)

Indicates selected max. test power.

(23)Pmax. (push butto s)

Select max. test power.

Subject to change without notice

2. Set-up of the i strume t

2. 1. Safety advice

Due to its measuring technique voltages up to 50 V are present at the 4

mm banana jacks, marked as E/S, C/D, and B/G. Therefore, it is assumed

that the HM6042 will only be operated by qualified personnel which is

acquainted with the danger involved.

2. 2. Ge eral

The HM6042 provides DC parameter characterization of 2- and 3-lead

semiconductor devices like transistors, diodes and MOSFETs. Five

characteristic curves displayed on the CRT’s screen and digitized to be

used for the calculation and indication of ten different parameters.

Depending on the parameter to be measured one or two cursors enable

the user to precisely select the point of measurement on one of the curves.

The microprocessor-operated instrument is extremely versatile, yet

remarkably easy to operate. Most of the instrument set-ups are done

automatically by the instrument according to the selected measuring

function.

To use the HM6042 no special expertise is required. The instrument is

easy to set-up and operation is straightforward. Nevertheless, a few basic

guidelines should be followed in order to ensure problem-free operation of

the curve tracer.

2. 3. Selecti g the li e voltage

The instrument is able to operate with mains/line voltages of 115V AC and

230V AC. The voltage selection switch is located on the rear side of the

instrument and indicates the voltage as set. The desired voltage can be

selected using a small screwdriver.

Remove the power cable from the wall outlet prior to making any changes

to the voltage setting. Fuses have to be replaced by fuses with an

appropriate value (see table below) prior to connecting the power cable.

Both fuses are accessible by removing the fuse cover located above the 3-

pole power connector. The fuse holder can be released by pressing its

plastic retainers with the aid of a small screwdriver. The retainers are located

on the right and left side of the holder and must be pressed towards the

center. The fuse(s) then can be replaced by pressing it/them in until locked

on both sides. The use of patched fuses or a short-circuited fuse holder is

not permissible; HAMEG assumes no liability for any damage caused as a

result of incorrect fuse usage; all warranty claims become null and void.

Fuse type:

Size 5 x 20 mm; 250 V AC;

Must meet IEC specification 127,

Sheet III (or DIN 41 662 or DIN 41 571, sheet 3).

Time characteristic: time lag

Line voltage 115 V~ ±10 %: Fuse rating: T 315 mA

Line voltage 230 V~ ±10 %: Fuse rating: T 160 mA

Subject to change without notice 11

2. 4. Scree setti gs

2. 4. 1. Adjusti g the trace rotatio

Due to influences of the magnetic earth field it may be necessary to

compensate an angular misalignment of the trace. To adjust the trace into

its horizontal position (in parallel to the bottom grid line) turn the TR

potentiometer (13) located below the CRT screen with a small screwdriver.

The DUT function may not be activated during this procedure.

2. 4. 2. Adjusti g Y-POS./X-POS.

Normally the readjustment of the X and Y position of the trace is not

necessary. However, if the left end of the trace is not aligned to the lower

left corner of the grid you should adjust it to start at this point. To perform

this procedure use the Y-POS. and the X-POS. screws, which are located

below the CRT screen at the front panel of the instrument.

3. Performi g device tests

As soon as the HM6042 is switched on, a baseline is visible at the CTR

screen as long as no DUT (Device Under Test) is inserted. A bright spot on

the line indicates the current cursor position.

The standard device adapter, as supplied with each HM6042, is to be

mounted to the instrument using the banana jack combination (17) at the

front panel of the instrument. The terminals are designated as E/S (Emit-

ter/Source), C/D (Collector/Drain), and B/G (Base/Gate).

This adapter is able to carry two DUTs; with the help of the instrument’s

memory function (see chapter 4. 3) and the device adapter’s toggle switch

device selections and component matching tests can be performed easily.

On request other device adapters are available from HAMEG to be used

on the HM6042 instrument.

If the standard device adapter is not suitable for special test purposes a

DUT can be connected to the terminals using ordinary test cables. Their

maximum length is limited to 25 cm each. The measurement accuracy of

the instrument however can be degraded due to hum and noise on the

cables. The use of shielded cables is not recommended because of their

relatively high stray capacitance.

When using single wire connections extreme care has to be taken for

safety purposes.

For testing diodes please use terminal E and C (17) and set the BIP/FET

switch (15) to position FET (locked).

To start a test the push button DUT (14) has to be pressed. Immediately,

the value of the selected parameter appears on the LCD.

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