Kenwood TS-50S Manuale utente

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HF

TRANSCEIVER

S-50S

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

KENWOOD

CORPORATION

|.

IMPORTANT

SAFETY

INSTRUCTIONS

Thank

you

for

purchasing

this

new

transceiver.

Notice

to

the

user:

One

or

more

of

the

following

statements

may

be

applicabie

to

this

equipment.

;

FCC

WARNING

This

equipment

generates

or

uses

radio

frequency

energy.

Changes

or

modifications

to

this

equipment

may

cause

harmful

interference

unless

the

“modifications

are

expressly

approved

in

_

the

instruction

manual.

The

user

could

lose

the

authority

to

operate

this

equipment

if

an

unauthorized

change

or

‘modification

is

made.

|

Information

to

the

digital

device

user

|

.

|

required

by

the

FCC:

'

This

equipment

has

been

tested

and

|

found

to

comply

with

the

limits

for

a

'Class

B

digital

device,

pursuant

to

Part

115

of

the

FCC

Rules.

These

limits

are

designed

to

provide

reasonable

'

protection

against

harmful

interference

in

|

a

residential

installation.

This

equipment

‘generates,

uses

and

can

generate

radio

frequency

energy

and,

if

not

installed

and

used

in

accordance

with

the

instructions,

may

cause

harmful

interference

to

radio

communications.

|

However,

there

is

no

guarantee

that

the

i

interference

will

not

occur

in

a

particular

installation.

If

this

equipment

does

cause

harmful

interference

to

radio

or

television

reception,

which

can

be

determined

by

_

turning

the

equipment

off

and

on,

the

‘user

is

encouraged

to

try

to

correct

the

_interference

by

one

or

more

of

the

|

following

measures:

=

Reorient

or

relocate

the

receiving

antenna.

-

Increase

the

separation

between

the

equipment

and

receiver.

--

Connect

the

equipment

into

an

outlet

on

a

circuit

different

from

that

|

to

which

the

receiver

is

connected.

f

--

Consult

the

dealer

for

technical

:

|

assistance.

SAFETY

PRECAUTIONS

Please

read

all

safety

and

operating

instructions

before

using

this

unit.

For

best

results,

be

aware

of

all

warnings

on

the

unit

and

follow

the

provided

operating

instructions.

Retain

these

safety

and

operating

instructions

for

future

reference.

1

Power

Sources

Connect

this

unit

only

to

the

power

source

described

in

the

operating

instructions

or

as

marked

on

the

unit

itself.

2

Power

Cable

Protection

Route

all

power

cables

safely.

Ensure

the

power

cables

can

neither

be

walked

upon

nor

pinched

by

items

placed

near

or

against

the

cables.

Pay

particular

attention

to

locations

near

AC

receptacles,

AC

extension

bars

and

points

of

entry

to

the

unit.

Never

pull

or

stretch

the

cord.

3

Abnormal

Odors

The

presence

of

an

unusual

odor

or

smoke

is

often

a

sign

of

trouble.

Immediately

turn

the

power

OFF

and

remove

the

power

cable.

Contact

a

dealer

or

the

nearest

service

center

for

advice.

POWER

OFF!

4

Electrical

Shocks

Take

care

not

to

drop

objects

or

spill

liquids

into

the

unit

through

enclosure

openings.

Metal

objects,

such

as

hairpins

or

needles,

inserted

into

the

unit

may

contact

voltages

resulting

in

serious

electrical

shocks.

Never

permit

children

to

insert

any

objects

into this

unit.

[eel

SL

Ree

ER

en

TF

Ventilation

Locate

the

unit

so

as

not

to

interfere

with

its

ventilation.

Do

not

place

books

or

other

equipment

on

the

unit

that

may

impede

the

free

movement

of

air.

Allow

a

minimum

of

4

inches

(10

cm)

between

the

rear

of

the

unit

and

the

wail

or

operating

desk

shelf.

9

10

IMPORTANT

SAFETY

INSTRUCTIONS

Power

Lines

Minimum

recommended

distance

for

an

outdoor

antenna

from

power

lines

is

one

and

one-half

times

the

vertical

height

of

the

associated

antenna

support

structure.

This

distance

allows

adequate

clearance

from

the

power

lines

if

the

support

structure

should

fall

for

any

reason.

Heat

Locate

the

unit

away

from heat

sources

such

as

radiators,

stoves,

amplifiers

or

other

devices

that

produce

substantial

amounts

of

heat.

o

a

>

See

d

4

and

attics.

il

Cleaning

Do

not

use

volatile

solvents

such

as

alcohol,

paint

thinner,

gasoline

or

benzene

to

clean

the

cabinet.

Use

a

clean

dry

cloth.

lightning.

It

also

reduces

the

chance

of

a

build-up

of

static

charges.

Section

810

of

the

National

Electrical

Code,

ANSI/NFPA

70,

provides

information

with

respect

to

proper

grounding

of

the

mast

and

supporting

structure,

grounding

of

the

lead-in

wire

to

an

antenna

discharge

unit,

size

of

grounding

conductors,

location

of

antenna-

discharge

unit,

connection

to

grounding

electrodes,

and

requirements

for

the

grounding

electrode.

See

the

accompanying

illustration.

EXAMPLE

OF

ANTENNA

GROUNDING

AS

PER

NATIONAL

ELECTRICAL

COOF

LEAD

IN

wine

ENNA

DISCHARGE

UNIT

(NEC

SECTION

810-20

‘GROVNOING

CONDUCTORS

(NEC

SECTION

810-211

Lne—-—~

POWER

SERVICE

GROUNDING

ELECTRODE

SYSTEM

NEC

~

NATIONAL

ELECTRICAL

CODE

INGE:

ART

260,

PART:

HI

13

14

of

time.

Servicing

Remove

the

unit's

enclosure

only

to

do

accessory

installations

described

by

this

manual

or

accessory

manuals.

Follow

provided

instructions

carefully

to

avoid

electrical

shocks.

If

unfamiliar

with

this

type

of

work,

seek

assistance

from

an

experienced

individual,

or

have

a

professional

technician

do

the

task.

Damage

Requiring

Service

Enlist

the

services

of

qualified

personnel

in

the

following

cases:

a)

The

power

supply

cable

or

plug

is

damaged.

b)

Objects

have

fallen,

or

liquid

has

spilled

into

the

unit.

c)

The

unit

has

been

exposed

to

rain.

d)

The

unit

is

operating

abnormally

or

performance

has

degraded

seriously.

e)

The

unit

has

been

dropped,

or

the

enclosure

damaged.

GENERAL

DESCRIPTION

Thank

you

for

purchasing

this

new

KENWOOD

information:

compact

HF

transceiver.

This

transceiver

has

many

powerful

features.

To

get

the

most

out

of

these

1

Noise

entering

from

the

DC

power

supply,

or

static

features,

we

suggest

you

read

this

instruction

manual

electricity

may

disable

the

buttons

or

the

tuning

carefully,

and

keep

it

handy

for

further

reference.

control.

If

this

occurs,

determine

the

source

of

the

This

transceiver

provides

these

main

features:

interference

and

take

appropriate

measures

to

reduce

or

eliminate

the

offending

noise.

If

the

1

This

radio

is

so

compact

that

you

can

easily

transceiver

still

does

not

function

normally,

reset

transport,

install

and

operate

from

either

a

the

microprocessor.

(For

the

reset

procedure,

refer

portable,

mobile

or

fixed

station

installation.

to

page

45.)

2

Setting-up

transceiver

functions

is

simple

with

2

Resetting

the

transceiver

will

clear

the

memory

the

easy-to-use

Menu

System.

The

transceiver

channels

and

return

the

menu

settings

(described

ees!

if

sco

Carrier

Operated

modes

are

provided

for

this

Transmission,

tne

Tan

speed

accelerates

10

1s

function.

maximum

speed,

and

the

sound

of

the

fan

will

become

more

noticeable.

!f

the

heat

sink

4

The

tuning

control

automatically

changes

the

temperature

becomes

excessively

high,

the

frequency

step,

depending

on

how

fast

the

control

temperature

protection

circuit

will

trip

to

reduce

the

is

rotated.

(Achieved

by

a

“fuzzy

logic”

control

transmission

output.

technique).

For

extended

transmit

periods,

or

when

operating

FM

or

RTTY,

we

recommend

selecting

50

W

or

10

W

5

The

TF-SET

function

allows

changing

the

transmit

transmitter

output

power.

frequency

while

still

listening

to

your

received

signal.

6

The

Automatic

Power

Off

function

switches

off

the

power

if

the

transceiver

has

not

been

operated

for

approximately

three

hours.

7

The

MC-47

microphone

allows

assigning

four

control

functions

to

the

microphone

PF

(Programmed

Function)

keys.

In

addition,

this

transceiver

offers

many

other

HF

transceiver

functions,

even

though

it

is

very

compact.

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

1

INSTALLATION

AND

CONNECTION

CHAPTER

4

MEMORY

FEATURES

RNG

R

ER

Be

BPE

REI

ag

MEMORY

CHANNEL

STORAGE

.............,..31

Gy

Detuer

Pehle

Canaartinn

Zz

a

DU

Power

Supply

Connection

.............0.

9

MEMORY

TRANSFER.........-----

002-0

e

eee

33

Antenna

COnMeCUON

waive

Yams

Maes

y

act

9

MEMORY

CHANNEL

CLEAR

..........-.0-0.00-

34

Ground

Connection.........0....

0...

e

eee

10

MEMORY

CHANNEL

PROTECT...............-.

35

ACCESSORY

CONNECTIONS...................

Ni

Memory

Protect}

.......-----ccccceeeeeees

25

CHAPTER2

CONTROLS

AND

Memory

Protect

2...............0000220005

35

CONNECTORS

QUICK

MEMORY

CHANNEL

SELECT...........,

36

FRONT

PANEL

CONTROLS

................0006

12

Selecting

a

Channel

Containing

Data

........

36

REAR

PANEL

CONNECTORS................---

18

Selecting

an

Empty

Channel..,.............

36

DISBEA

Ries

chin

si

don

Ritesh

aa

aN

ae

tl

aes

19

CHAPTER5

SCAN

CHAPTER

3

COMMUNICATION

MEMORY

SCAN

...

6.

cece

ene

eee

37

CONFIRMATION

BEFORE

OPERATION

,.........

21

Group

Scan

cece

eee

eens

37

SSB

OPERATION...

0.

eee

ee

eens

22

All-channel

Scan

oo...

0.0...

cee

eee

37

RECOptiON

3 2

:sci2

cccneaeceeaaad

ate

eciaats

es

tad

22

Confirming

Start

and End

Frequencies........

38

Transmission...

1.00.

eee

ee

22

Memory

Channel

Lock-Out.................

38

CW

OPERATION

|

fi.

cca

et

sense

or

en

eases

ne

23

PROGRAM

SCAN

..........

00

cece

eee

eae

39

RECO

DTION

i

kee

eRe

ad

aie

tage

det

23

SCAN

tiaiaie

sent

Saale

edee

Lath

awe

39

Transmission

0.0000...

ccc

c

este

eee

e

ees

24

Confirming

Start

and

End

Frequencies........

39

EMP

OPERATION

ys

viscciaticoaft

s

Ma

arecnaavaur

gene

e

25

Scan

Holds

tscs

ver

aiaaeavaneehereuaneeend

39

Reception:

os

eeisc

ences

pee

ak

eee

ane

25

BUSY-FREQUENCY

STOP...............000005

40

TrANSMISSION.

2...

eee

es

25

SCAN

SPEED

CHANGE

.......

0.0.0.0

00sec

eae

40

AM

OPERATION

1.0...

.

ccc

tte

e

eee

26

PRCODUON

coach

de

pavtaivn

nected

Sa

wRe

eNews

26

Transmission.

.......

ccc

cece

enna

eee

26

DATA

OPERATION

(PACKET,

AMTOR,

RTTY).....

27

RECEPTION

ois

apiataiiates

sae

oe

alee

areca

es

27

TPANSMISSION

2...

eee

28

FM

REPEATER

OPERATION

................008

29

SPLIT-FREQUENCY

OPERATION

.............0-

30

i

ae)

CHAPTER6G

OTHER

USEFUL

FEATURES

TROUBLESHOOTING.

.....00000

0000

cece

52

GONTROLS

ose

sees

eee

rete

nett

een

ees

_

RECO

LON:

>

denehei.dc

pataee.

og

feleore'

tasadttace

nag

eae

52

Frequency

Step

Change...

-.-........+...-.

a

TranSmissiony.:.

5

6c.

bye

ga

eee

ee

ate

ca

Aa

hs

§3

Amateur

Band

Switching

...................

41

ADJUSTMENTS

«00...

ooo

ccccccecccccccccceeee

54

PESGDEERON:

xeon

eth

ahk

Pasichiraite

sy

a

REFERENCE

FREQUENCY

CALIBRATION

........

54

DUAL

DIGITAL

VFOS....

0...

0.0...

c

ce

eee

42

AUTOMATIC

POWER

OFF

(APO).

.......2.......

42

CHAPTER

10

OPTIONS

INSTALLATION

INTERFERENCE

AND

NOISE

ELIMINATION.

......

43

FILTER

ssc

mint

ostevtoet

ea

oataea

bet

55

TE

SRI

ei

fe

cucu

A

cig

i

tasiale

une

ae

ce

eee.

43

TCOXO

UNIT

(SO-2)

000

eee

56

JE

PROP

oi

ouinn

oak

nd

Vy

sted

owwaeie

sha

ee

43

Noise

Blanker

.......---.----

cece

eee

43

OPTIONAL

ACCESSORIES..................

57

AUDIO

AND

SOUND

FEATURES.................

43

SPECIFICATIONS

........................5.

59

Beep

TONG

oe

coe

encanta

nennehe

neces

43

Mode

Confirmation

Tone

Output.............

43

Morse

Code

Alarm

Output

..............000.

44

Carrier

Point

Shift...

0.0.0.0...

0000

cc0eee

44

ACCESSORIES

MICROPROCESSOR

RESET...........

0020.

.20,

aS

MC-47

Multifunction

Microphone

Initial

SettingS

...........

0...

c

ec

cece

e

eee

45

(TEO5

2B

5)

2s

oo

aies

wane

venue

donee

sadury

1ea.

othe

net

Ricci

ality!

seduce

nase

PIE

POS

a

eRe

Senden

Ghisensee

ean

-

DC

Power

Cable

(E30-3157-05)

..............

lea,

CHAPTER7

MENU

SET-UP

Handle

(KO1-0416-05)

..........0...

cea

eee

lea.

MENU

A

ING

arene,

oA

aia

che

tuudsrarace

capecdilbcetnt

4

MOET

e

Calibration

Cable

(E31-2154-05).

2...

02.2.2...

lea.

MENU

B

SETTING

......

0...

0

eee

ee

47

To

set

the

reference

frequency

CHAPTER

8

OPERATION

USING

Fuse,

25A

(FO5-2531-05).............

0.000

lea.

ACCESSORIES

For

the

DC

power

cable

LINEAR

AMPLIFIER

Fuse,

4A

(FO6-4029-05)

0.0...

1ea.

=

EF

|

OPSAtION

Joo

do

ce

coat

eaekweusd

Mio

neh

bomeee

48

FE

Pare

gy

Oe

ON

hace

Warranty

Card...

0.0...

ccc

eee

ee

eee

1

copy

MIGROPHONG

3.053

san

Seas deen

sada

dadeenees

4

.

U.S.A./Canada

and

Europe

versions

only

UP

and

DWN

Buttons

.................2.---

49

PTT

Button.

.....

0...

cc

ccceccceccecececcee

49

Instruction

Manual

(B62-0291-00)...........

1

capy

Programmable

Function

Keys

...............

49

Save

the

box

and

packing

in

the

event

the

transceiver

is

to

be

transported

for

portable

or

remote

operation,

CHAPTERS

MAINTENANCE

AND

or

shipped

for

upgrade,

maintenance

or

service.

eC

Le

Ter

En

1

INSTALLATION

AND

CONNECTION

PREPARATION

FOR

MOBILE

OPERATION

When

you

use

this

transceiver

for

mobile

operation,

do

not

attempt

to

perform

any

kind

of

configuration

or

menu

set-up

operation

while

driving

your

car,

simply

because

it

is

too

dangerous.

Stop

the

car

and

then

perform

transceiver

configuration.

In

addition,

do

not

wear

headphones

when

you

are

driving.

DC

POWER

CABLE

CONNECTION

Connect

the

DC

power

cable

directly

to

the

vehicle's

battery

terminals

using

the

shortest

route.

Do

not

use

the

cigarette

lighter

socket

since

vibration

may

loosen

the

connection,

resulting

in

poor

transceiver

performance

due

to

an

unstable

power

source.

ante

ae,

@

Installation

example

1

Install

the

mounting

bracket

using

the

supplied

flat

washers

and

self-tapping

screws.

2

Position

the

transceiver

in

the

bracket

to

determine

the

best

viewing

angle.

3

Insert

and

tighten

the

supplied

SEMS

screws

and

washers.

Self-tapping

screw

You

can

also

use

the

optional

MB-13

mounting

bracket.

For

the

correct

mounting

procedure,

refer

to

the

instructions

packaged

with

the

MB-13.

Be

sure

to

use

a

12

V

vehicle

battery

which

has

sufficient

current

capacity.

If

the

current

to

the

transceiver

is

insufficient,

the

display

may

darken

during

transmission

(at

audio

peaks

during

SSB

operation),

or

transmitter

output

power

may

drop

excessively.

Note:

ff

you

use

the

transceiver

for

a

long

period

when

the

vehicle

battery

has

not

been

fully

charged,

or

when

the

engine

has

been

stopped,

the

battery

may

become

discharged,

and

will

not

have

sufficient

reserves

to

start

the

vehicle.

Avoid

using

the

transceiver

under

these

conditions.

ANTENNA

CONNECTION

Use

a

whip

antenna

for

mobile

operation.

HF

mobile

antennas

are

larger

(and

have

a

larger

wind

load)

and

are

heavier

than

VHF

antennas.

Therefore,

use

a

strong

and

rigid

mount

to

safely

and

securely

install

the

HF

mobile

antenna.

The

success

of

your

mobile

installation

will

depend

largely

on

the

type

of

antenna,

and

its

correct

installation.

The

transceiver

can

give

excellent

results,

if

the

antenna

system

and

its

installation

is

given

careful

attention.

The

performance

requirements

of

a

mobile

antenna

are

the

same

as

those

for

a

fixed

station

installation.

(Refer

to

page

9.)

1

INSTALLATION

AND

CONNECTION

a

GROUND

CONNECTION

The

ground,

which

is

the

other

half

of

the

antenna

system,

is

very

important

when

using

a

mobile

whip

antenna.

Connect

the

feed

line

ground

for

the

antenna

securely

to

the

vehicle’s

chassis,

and

be

certain

to

bond

(electrically

connect}

the

vehicle

body

to

the

chassis,

The

sheet

metal

will

provide

the

primary

ground

plane,

so

be

sure

to

establish

a

good

RF

connection

from

the

feed

line

to

both

the

chassis

and

the

body.

For

comprehensive

information

on

mobile

antennas

and

their

successful

installation

and

optimization,

refer

to

the

ARRL

Handbook

or

similar

publications.

If

your

car

has

plastic

bumpers,

make

sure

to

ground

the

antenna

mount

to

the

body

and

the

chassis

of

the

car.

IGNITION

NOISE

This

transceiver

has

been

designed

with

a

Noise

Blanker

to

filter

ignition

noise.

However,

some

cars

may

generate

excessive

ignition

noise.

If

there

is

excessive

noise,

use

suppressor

spark

plugs

(with

resistors),

or

perform

other

countermeasures

as

may

be

required

to

reduce

these

undesired

electrically

generated

noises.

The

ARRL

Handbook,

or

other

similar

reference,

has

a

wealth

of

information

regarding

this

topic.

Note:

1

The

negative

fead

fram

the

battery

must

remain

disconnected

until

all

connections

are

completed,

in

order

ta

prevent

the

possibility

of

an

accidental

short

circuit

during

installation.

2

After

installation

and

wiring,

confirm

that

aif

work

has

been

performed

correctly,

then

reconnect

the

negative

battery

lead.

3

tf

the

fuse

blows,

check

that

the

power

cable

has

not

been

damaged

or

short

circuited,

is

not

pinched

or

squashed,

etc.

After

resolving

the

problem,

replace

the

fuse

with

one

of

the

same

type

and

rating.

4

After

the

wiring

is

finished,

wrap

the

fuse

holder

with

heat-

resistant

tape

to

protect

the

fuse

against

heat

and

moisture.

5

10

NOT

remove

the

fuse

holder

even

if

the

power

cabie

is

too

long.

1

INSTALLATION

AND

CONNECTION

PREPARATION

FOR

FIXED

STATION

OPERATION

The

following

figure

illustrates

how

the

cables

must

be

connected

on

the

rear

of

the

transceiver.

Connect

the

cables

securely

so

they

will

not

come

loose

if

they

are

pulled.

Speaker

*

DC

13.8

V

DC

POWER

SUPPLY

CONNECTION

In

order

to

use

this

transceiver

for

fixed

station

operation,

you

will

need

a

separate

13.8

V

DC

power

supply,

which

may

be

purchased

separately.

DO

NOT

attempt

to

directly

connect

the

transceiver

to

an

AC

outlet!

polarities

are

correct.

Fuse

holder

AC

DC

power

cable

(supplied)

This

transceiver

draws

less

than

20.5

A

(with

an

optional

automatic

antenna

tuner,

less

than

22.5

A)

when

transmitting

at

full

power

output.

Kenwood

recommends

you

use

the

optional

DC

power

supply,

model

PS-33,

which

matches

the

electrical

and

cosmetic

features

of

this

transceiver.

Note:

1

Before

connecting

the

OC

power

supply

to

the

transceiver,

be

sure

to

switch

the

transceiver

and

the

DC

power

supply

off.

2

Do

not

plug

the

DC

power

supply

into

an

AC

outlet

until

you

make

all

connections.

3.

if

the

power

supply

voltage

exceeds

18

V,

the

transceiver

protection

circuit

will

turn

the

pawer

off

automatically.

The

transceiver

resumes

operatian

automatically

when

the

input

voltage

drops

to

13.8

V.

@

Installation

example

External

speaker

(option)

External

DC

power

supply

(option)

For

a

deluxe

installation,

take

the

time

to

install

the

transceiver

in

the

mounting

bracket.

The

diagram

offers

some

mounting

suggestions.

Added

benefits

of

using

the

mounting

bracket

in

your

fixed

station

include

the

following:

e

You

can

angle

the

transceiver

for

best

visibility

from

your

operating

position.

@

The

transceiver

remains

stationary

when

you

attach

e

The

bracket

eliminates

the

risk

of

anybody

bumping

the

transceiver

off

your

operating

desk.

If

you

decide

to

mount

the

transceiver

in

a

horizontal

plane

instead

of

angling

it

up

or

down,

use

the

top

or

middie

row

of

mounting

holes

on

the

bracket.

The

bottom

row

of

holes

cannot

be

used

to

mount

the

transceiver

horizontally.

1

INSTALLATION

AND

CONNECTION

SSS

a

ANTENNA

CONNECTION

The

type

of

the

antenna

system,

consisting

of

the

antenna,

ground,

and

feed,

will

greatly

affect

the

successful

performance

of

the

transceiver.

Use

a

properly

adjusted

antenna

of

good

quality

to

let

your

transceiver

perform

at

its

best.

Use

a

good

quality

50

ohm

coaxial

cable

and

a

first

quality

connector

for

the

connection.

Match

the

impedance

of

the

coaxial

cable

and

antenna

so

that

the

SWR

is

1.5:1

or

less.

All

connections

must

be

clean

and

tight.

While

the

transceiver's

protection

circuit

will

activate

if

the

SWR

is

greater

than

2.5:1,

do

not

rely

on

protection

to

compensate

for

a

poorly

functioning

antenna

system.

High

SWR

will

cause

the

transmitter

output

to

drop,

and

may

lead

to

radio

frequency

interference

to

both

consumer

products

(such

as

stereo

receivers

and

televisions),

and

RF

interference

to

the

transceiver

itself.

Reports

that

your

signal

is

Fry

an

Ces

dae

wet

certain

that

at

the

least,

your

coax

connector

is

loose

at

the

rear

of

the

radio,

and

at

the

worst,

your

antenna

system

is

not

efficiently

radiating

power.

Caution:

Ina

fixed

station

installation,

use

a

lightning

arrester

ta

prevent

fire,

electric

shock,

or

damage

to

the

transceiver.

Using

the

optional

auto

antenna

tuner

allows

the

transceiver

to

perform

at

its

very

best.

For

additional

information

on

the

antenna

tuner,

refer

to

“AUTOMATIC

ANTENNA

TUNER”

on

page

48.

GROUND

CONNECTION

At

the

minimum,

a

good

DC

ground

is

required

to

prevent

such

dangers

as

electric

shock.

For

superior

communications

results,

a

good

RF

ground

is

required,

against

which

the

antenna

system

can

operate.

Both

of

these

conditions

can

be

met

by

providing

a

good

earth

ground

for

your

station.

Bury

one

or

more

ground

rods,

or

a

large

copper

plate

under

the

ground,

and

connect

this

to

the

transceiver

GND

terminal.

Use

heavy

gauge

wire

Or

a

copper

strap,

cut

as

short

as

possible,

for

this

connection.

Just

as

for

antenna

work,

all

connections

must

be

clean

and

tight.

Caution;

DO

NOT

attempt

to

use

a

gas

pipe

(which

is

clearly

dangerous),

an

electrical

conduit

(which

has

the

whole

house

wiring

attached

and

may

act

like

an

antenna),

or

a

plastic

water

pipe

for

a

ground,

10

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