Krell Industries Evolution 600 Manuale utente

~The L~eade~r in A~udio Engineen’ng

Full Power Balanced

PowerAmplifiers

600,300,200Stereo

650M,350M,250MMonaural

Instructions for Use,v 98.2

Owner’sReference

A note fromDanD’Agostino

Thankyoufor yourpd~chaseof a Full PowerBalancedamplifier. This

componenthasbeendesignedto exceedall otheramplifier productsin ultimate

performance,musicality,andoveralldurability. I amsurethat it will giveyou

manyyearsof superiorperformance.Someof the featuresthat r[Lakethis Full

PowerBalancedamplifier uniqueinclude:

Kreil CurrentModeTM:This advancedcircuit topologyis a KRELL

introductionto the audioindustryandyields a far greaterdegreeof speed

andstagepresencethanis possiblethroughconventionaltechnologies’.

Fully Regula-~edOutputStage:Oneof the mostobviouscausesof musicat

corruptionin anamplifieris voltageandcurrentdropin theoutputstage.

Whilethe large capacitivebanksusedbyothermanufacturersare marginally

effective with currentdrop,capacitorscannotcompensatefor voltagedrop.

~, Full PowerBalancedamplifier’s regulatedoutputstageandpowersupplyis

imperviousto theseformsof corruption. Currentandvoltageremainconstant

underall operatingconditions.

BalancedAmplifierDesign:YourFull PowerBalancedamplifier

incorporatescompletelybalancedcircuit topologyfrominput to output,

maintainingthe integrity of the audiosignalandexercisinggreaterspeaker

control bymeansof its balanced,push-pullrelationshipwith the speaker

drivers.

ClassAOperation:ClassAis the only linear operatingstate in electronics.

YourFull PowerBalancedamplifier operatesin ClassAto its full ratedpower

to providethe mostaccurateandrichly detailedmusicalexperiencepossible.

SustainedPlateauBiasIi~: SustainedPlateauBias II TM is a KRELL

patentedprocessthat enablesyouramplifierto playall music(upto full rated

power)in ClassA, yet greatly reducethe heatdissipationandenergy

consumptionassociatedwith conventionalClassA designs.Sustained

¯Pla~teauBiasii TM is a true ClassAcircuit, asopposedto sliding or adaptive

biasing schemes.

TheFull PowerBalancedamplifier follows all classic KRELLmar~ufaoturingand

materialsrequirements,andI amsurethat youwill not find its equalanywherein

theworld.

Enjoyyour KRELLFull PowerBalancedamplifier.

Sincerely,

DanD’Agostino

C.E.O

Introduction

Toobtainthe bestperformancefromyourFull PowerBalancedamplifier, careful

’attention shouldbepaidto its placement,installation, andoperation.Athorough

understandingof thesedetails will helpinsuresatisfactoryoperationandlong

life for the Full PowerBalancedamplifier andrelatedsystemcomponents.

ThisOwner’sReferenceis dividedinto severalsections,eachdesignedto

performa different function. Asyoureadthroughthe Owner’sReferenceyou

will becomebetter acquaintedwith the featuresandfunctionsthat makethe Full

PowerBalancedamplifiers a superbvalue..A Troubleshootingsection is

includedwith solutionsto potential problems.Shouldyouhaveanyquestions

or suggestions,pleasefeel free to contactyourauthorized~ealeror the KRELL

staff for assistance.

TheFull PowerBalancedseriesof amplifiersconsistsof threestereoamplifiers,

the Full PowerBalanced200,300, and600, andthe three monauralamplifiers,

the Full PowerBalanced250M,350M,and650M.Installation, connection,and

operationof all amplifiersin theseriesis identical; however,pleasenotethat two

Full PowerBalanced250M,350Mor 650Mamplifiers are requiredfor stereo

operation.

In the unlikely eventthat yourFull PowerBalancedamplifier shouldrequire

service, youwi!! bepleasedto knowthat is backedbya comprehensive

CustomerSatisfactionpolicy andoneof the mostadvancedservicefacilities in

the industry. Fordetailedinformationonthe termsandconditionsof service,

pleaserefer to the WarrantyandServicesectionof this Reference,Warranty

RegistrationCard,or anauthorizedKRELLDealeror Distributor.

Unpacking

After openingthe boxandremovingthe top layer of foam,the Full Power

Balancedamplifierandthefollowingitemswill nowbevisible:

IEC32020 ampACpowercord

Owner’sReference

Warrantycard

NOTES:

If anyof theseitemsare not included,pleasecontactyourauthorizedKRELL

dealeror distributor.

Saveall packingmaterials.If youmustshipyourFull PowerBalancedamplifier

in the future, repacktheunit in its original packingto preventshippingdamage.

Location

Placethe Full Powe~Balancedamplifier ona firm level surfaceawayfromdirt or

moisture.Whenusingcustomracksor cabinetry, keepin mindthe weightand

ventilationrequirementsfor theseamplifiers.Ideally, theamplifiershouldbe

placedascloseto the speakersaspossible.It is preferableto runlong

balancedinterconnectcablesto the amplifier andkeepthe speakercable

lengthto a minimum.Speakercableaddsimpedanceto the I-6ad the amplifier

mustdrive, regardlessof the cable’sgauge.All KRELLamplifierswill drive the

lowestimpedanceswith ease,but whenimpedanceis addeddueto long cable

lengths,amplifier poweris wastedin the cable.Longspeakercablesreducethe

maximumpowerthat canbe deliveredto the speakers.

RemoteInstallation

Someinstallations donothaveadequate,spaceor flexibility to placetheamplifier

closeto the speakers.TheFull PowerBalancedamplifierscanbesituatedin a

roomor spacecloseto thespeakers,butout of sight, .andturnedOnor Offfrom

the listening room.Intemally,a provisionhasbeenmadeallowingthe amplifier

to bepoweredOnfromanACwall receptacleandnot fromthe front panelpower

switchor optional remotecontrol. Wesuggestmountinga standardwall switch

in the listening roomthat controlsanACpoweroutlet dedicatedto the power

amplifier. Thisarrangementcanbeprovidedbyanelectrician. Pleasecontact

yourdealerfor assistance.

NOTE:OnceACpoweris applied, the front panelpowerswitch andthe remote

P.csntml pnw~r.~vifP.h =r=

CabinetryConsiderations

ClassAoperationoffers tremendoussonicbenefits. Unfortunately,traditional

ClassAamplifiers dissipate a tremendousamountof heat. KRELL’spatented

SustainedPlateauBiascircuitry combatsthis characteristicandreducesthe heat

outputconsiderably.However,the Full PowerBalancedamplifierscanstill

becomequite warmundernormaloperation. TheFull PowerBalancedamplifiers

shouldbeinstalledin a locationthat providesunobstructedventilation.

IMPORTANT:Theventilation gddsonthe top of all Full PowerBalanced

amplifiersneedto beunobstructedat all timesduringoperation.Donotplace

flammablematerialontop of or beneathFull PowerBalancedamplifiers. For

installations insidecabinetry,extraventilation maybenecessary.Makesurethe

Full PowerBalancedamplifiershaveadequateair circulation. Generally,two

inchesof clearanceoneachsideof the amplifier andeight inchesof clearance

abovethe amplifier will provideadequateventilation. In moreextremeinstances,

-, smallfanscanaidin removingexcessheatfrominternal spaces-.Contactyour

dealer,distributor, or Kreil®formoreinformation.

ACPowerConsiderations

Forbestperforman¢-e,a dedicatedACpowerline ratedat a minimumof fifteen

ampsis recommendedfor eachamplifier. Formaximumpoweroutput, the Full

PowerBalanced300and600amplifiers Shouldbeoperatedfroma dedicated

twentyampACpowerline. TheFull PowerBalancedamplifiers shouldonly be

operatedwith the powercord supplied. Pleaseconsult KRELL.oryourdealer

beforeusinganydevicesdesignedto alter or stabilize the ACpowerfor the Full

PowerBalancedamplifiers.

Connections

CAUTION:Thedifferential circuitry employedwithin the Full Power

Balancedaml~lifiers requires special attention whenconnectingspeakers.

Becareful not to connectthe negativespeakerterminals together. Donot

connectthe negativespeakerterminals to ground,or attemptto bridge the

left andright channelstogether of the Full PowerBalancedstereo

amplifiers.-PleasecontactKRELL:Industriesfor assistance.

Input andOutputConnections

Caution:Whenmakingconnectionsto this componentor anyother, makesure

the poweramplifier is off andthe preamplifieris in themuteor stand-bymode.

Thewidngto andfromthe amplifier andall componentsin generalshouldbe

arrangedin a neat, organizedmanner.Specifically, ACwiresshouldbe

separatedfromaudiocables. This practice preventshumor other unwanted

noisefrombeingintroducedinto the system.

1. Connectthe speakercablesto the amplifier’s outputterminals.

TheFull PowerBalancedamplifiersutilize twocustomsetsof identical speaker

terminalsfor the eachchannel.This configurationmakescableconnectionsand

biwiring simple.Thespeakerterminalsonly acceptspadelugs. Barewire,

bananalugs, or pinswill not work.Theredterminalsareusedfor positive

connectionsandthe blueterminalsare usedfor the negativeconnections.

Either the upperor lowerset of speakerterminalsmaybeusedwith speakers

havingonepair of bindingposts.Forbiwiring, bothsetsof terminalsshouldbe

used.Consultyourspeaker’sinstruction manualfor biwiring connections.

CAUTION:Makesureall cableterminationsare of the highestquality, free from

frayedends,shorts, or poorsolderconnections.

2, C~nnectthe interconnectcablesfromyourpreamplifier,to the input of the Full

PowerBalancedamplifier.

TheFull PowerBalancedamplifiers are equippedwith balancedandsingle-

endedinputs. Thebalancedinputs usethree pin XLRconnectorsandthe

single-endedinputs use RCAconnectors. Werecommendthe useof balanced

interconnects,.sonicallyandelectrically, becauseof their immur~tyto induced

noiseandminimalsonicloss resulting fromlongcablelengths.

CAUTION:Useonly oneset of inputsto the amplifier at a time. TheFull Power

Balancedamplifiers are shippedwith shorting pins in the XLRinputs, These

pinsshouldremainin the XLRinputsif the Full PowerBalancedamplifier is

operatingin the single-endedmode.Whenthe shorting pin is inserted, pins1

and3 are shortedtogether. Theshorting pins mustbe removedto connectthe

Full PowerBalancedamplifiers for balancedoperation.

Thepin assignmentfor the XLRis:

pin 1 = shield (ground)

pin2=non_-invertinginput(hot)

pin3 =invertingin put

.3~ Insert the ACpowercordinto the receptaclelocatedonthe backof the Full

PowerBalancedamplifier. Insert the otherendin’to the ACwall receptacle.

Theamplifier is nowreadyfor operationasdescribedin the Amplifier

Operationsection below.Shouldyouhaveanyquestionsregardingsystem

set-up,contactyourdealeror KRELLIndustries.

¯ LinkingMultipleAmplifiers- RemoteIn / Outconnections

TheRemoteIn/Outfunction is usedto synchronizeremotecontrol operationin

systemsthat includemultipleamplifiers. Whenthe In/Outportsareutilized, the

connectedamplifier’s remotecapabilities will belinked andcontrolledfromone

amplifier.

Makesureall amplifiersareoff, includingthe powerbreakerslocatedonthe

rear panel,beforeproceeding.Thisinsures-all amplifiers aresynchronized

whenthe communicationcable is connected.

Selecttheamplifierthatwill bethecontrolamplifier,Onlythis amplifierwill

receive remotecommandsandshouldbe in plain viewfor properremote

controloperation.All additionalamplifiersareconsideredslavesandwill

only respondto remotecommandsreceived via the In/Out communication

cable. Connectoneendof the linking cableto the connectorlabeledOuton

the backpanel.

3. Connectthe otherendof the linking cableto the In port onthe second

amplifier.

4. Tocouplethreeamplifiers, connecta secondlinking cableto the Out

connectoronthe secondamplifier. Connectthe remainingendto the In port

onthethird amplifier.

5. Connectadditionalamplifiersasdescribedin step4.

6. Point a KRELLremotecontrol at the control amplifier andpressthe Amp.

Powerbutton.Theamplifierswill all powerupat the sametime.

Notes:

Whenconfiguredfor RemoteIn / Outoperation,eachamplifier canbeturned

ON/OFFindividually fromtheir respectivefront panels.All amplifiersmustbe

returnedto the identical powerstate manuallyin orderto maintainremote

synchronization.

Thecommunicationcablesare standardfive pin DIN~;ablesandare commonly

referred to as MIDIcables. Contactyour KRELLdealeror KRELLIndustries to

obtainremotelink cables.

ForUsewith a TubePreamplifer

TheFull PowerBalancedamplifiers featuredirect couptedcircuitryfrom input to

output.Thistopologyeliminatesall couplingcapacitorsfromthe audiosignal

path. Couplingcapacitorsare usedto blockdamagingdirect current (DG)but

havesonic characteristics that impactmusicnegatively. Instead, KRELLuses

non-obtrusiveDCservosthat strip DCfromthe signal withoutcorruptingthe

music.

Tubepreamplifiers,bydesign,arecapacitivelycoupled.Forthis reason,the

benefitsof a direct coupledamplifier cannotberealized whenusedwith a tube

preamplifier.Additionally, manytubepreamplifiersoutputa greatdealof DC.

This DCmayexceedthe servosof a Full PowerBalancedamplifier. Excessive

DClevel in a signal candamageamplifiers, speakers,or both.

Tocombatthis potential problem,the Full PowerBalancedamplifiers include

internal jumpersthat insert couplingcapacitorsinto the signal path.These

capacitorsshouldbeengagedwhenusinga tubepreamplifierwith a Full

PowbrBalancedamplifier. If not utilized, KRELLreservestheright to

refuse warrantyservicedueto DCrelated damage.Pleasecontactyour

KRELLdealerfor =assistance.

Amplifier Operation

Understandingthe operationof the Full PowerBalancedamplifiers is veryeasy.

Equallyimportantis anunderstandingof the carethat shouldbeexercisedwhen

operatingthe systemasa whole,in relation to the enormouspoweroutputof the

Full PowerBalancedamplifiers. Simplemistakes,suchas switchingbetween

active sourceswithoutmutingthe preamplifieroutput, or bumping/miscuinga

cartridge, cangeneratelarge transientsat low.frequencies.Withthis typeof

transient the Full PowerBalancedamplifiers cangenerateenoughpowerto

damagemostloudspeakers.All switchingof sourcesshouldbedonewith the

preamplifierlevel eithermutedor fully attenuated.Inputsto the amPlifiershould

notbechange--dwhiletheamplifieris on.

NOTE:Caremustbetakenwhensetting high playbacklevels. Becauseof their

tremendous.reserveof cleanpower,KRELLamplifiers cansafely drive speakers

to highersoundpressurelevels thanotheramplifiers. Alwaysturn the level

d._ownat thefirst signof speakerdistress.

Descriptionof On/OffandStandbyOperati6n

Whenpnw~=ring ,,p=ny

.............. ~ ...... , ....~,,,,,~,~o,,,.,,.,,~, =,~,=y=beturnedonlastand

turnedoff first.

Locatethe powerbreakeronthe rear panelof the amplifier. Movethe switch

to the ONposition. ThepowerLED,labeledP, will illuminate onthe from

panel.Thisengagesthe input circuitry andsets the amplifier to the Standby

position.

Pressthesilver powerbuttononthe front panelof the amplifier. The

regulatorLED,labeledR, will illuminate. Oncethe regulatorsecurescontrol -

of the outputstage,the biasLED,labeledB, will illuminate. TheSustained

PlateauBiasIIsystemis nowengaged.After the protectioncircuits have

confirmedthat safeoperatingconditionsexist, the input relayswill engage.

Youwill heara click. Theamplifier is nowreadyfor operation.

3. Withthepreamplifierin theMuteposition, or volumecontrolfully attenuated,

selecta source.Turnthe volumecontrol upto yourdesiredlistening level.

4. Whenturning the systemoff, lowerthe volumeof the preamplifiercompletely

or placeit into themuteor stand-byposition. Switchthe amplifier to Standby

bypressingthesilver powerbutton.It is nowsafeto turn off therest of the

system.

NOTE:Foroptimalperformance,the rear panelpowerbreakershouldbeleft in

the ONpositionat all times.

RemoteControl Operation

Anoptionalremotecontrol is availablefor the Full PowerBalancedamplifiers.

Theamplifiers canbeswitchedbetweenStandbyandOperatevia this remote

control or fromthe remotecontrolsincludedwith KRELLpreamplifiers,the

KRELLAudio+ VideoStandard,andthe KPS25s KRELLPlaybackSystem.

SystemNoiseC0hsiderati0ns

ACgroundingEecomescritical whenconnectinghigh performanceaudio

components.Whenmixingandma.tchingaudiocomponents,eachwith their

owngroundpotential, a lowfrequencyhummayoccurin oneor bothspeakers.

Thisoften occurswhenintroducing a newcomponentinto a system.

If thereis a lowfrequencyhumemanatingfromthe speakerswhenthe Full

PowerBalancedamplifier is placedinto the system,follow thesesimpletrouble-

shootingstepsbeforecont~lctingyourKRELLdealer:"

Checka!! input andoutputconnections,makingsuretheyare of sound

construction.Withthe amplifier off. removethe interconnectwiring andturn

the amplifier backon.if the humdisappears,shutthe amplifier off and

reinsert oneof theinterconnectcablesandturn theamplifier backon. If the

humreappearswith oneor bothinterconnectsreinserted, there maybea

defectivecable. Havethe interconnectcablingcheckedbeforeproceeding.

If the interconnectsproveto besound,youmaybeexperiencinga ground

loop. Thiscanoften beeasily eliminated.Contactyourdealeror KRELLfor

assistance.

ProtectionCircuitry

Therearenooutputfusesin the Full PowerBalancedamplifiers. Theamplifiers

areprotectedbya seriesof non-intrusivecircuitsthatconstantlyevaluatethe

amplifier’s operation.Appropriateprotectionactionexists for input andoutput

DCconditions,shortcircuit, regulatoruniformity, andACpoweranomalies.

Collectively,the protectioncircuitry is designedto avoiddamageto theamplifier

or speakerscausedbyother defectivecomponents,faulty wiring, system

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