Lexicon PCM 80 Manuale utente

PCM 80

Vocal Fix

Algorithm Card User Guide

Lexicon Part # 070-11975

Unpacking and Inspection

After unpacking the Vocal Fix Algorithm Card, save all packing materials in case you ever need to ship the card.

Thoroughly inspect the card and packing materials for signs of damage. Report any shipment damage to the

carrier at once; report equipment malfunction to your dealer.

This is a read only card.

Use only with the Lexicon PCM 80, software version 1.10 or higher.

To avoid damage to the card, do not expose to rain or moisture, extreme temperatures, direct sunlight, or extreme shock.

In the event the card is dropped, damaged, or exposed to liquids, do not insert it into the PCM 80.

Precautions

Lexicon Inc.

3 Oak Park

Bedford MA 01730-1441

Telephone 781-280-0300

Fax 781-280-0490

www.lexicon.com

Contents

Introduction

1. Vocal Fix Card Operation

Handling the Algorithm Card............................................................... 1-1

Loading the Vocal Fix Pitch Correct Algorithm ................................... 1-3

Loading the Vocal Fix Presets ............................................................ 1-4

2. The Pitch Correct Algorithm and Its Parameters

Overview............................................................................................. 2-1

The Pitch Correct Algorithm................................................................ 2-2

The Chamber Reverb ......................................................................... 2-3

Parameter Descriptions ...................................................................... 2-4

3. Using the Vocal Fix Programs

General Procedure ............................................................................. 3-1

Preset Descriptions............................................................................. 3-2

Introduction

Thankyouforyour purchaseofthePCM 80VocalFix Algorithm Card.The card

containsaPitchCorrectalgorithmwhichisspecificallydesignedtohelpfixpitch

problemsonpreviouslyrecordedsolovocaltracks.Thepresetsprovideavariety

of easy to use tools, many of which are designed for MIDI keyboard control of

pitch correction.

The algorithm combines an intelligent pitch shifter with a PCM 80 Chamber

reverb. While this is a true stereo algorithm, it is designed to work with

monophonic (one note at a time) vocal sources.

Controls for the algorithm are arranged in a PCM 80-type matrix. The audio

parameters are identical to those in the PCM 80. New control parameters are

found in the Control row and a new Pitch row.

AsinthePCM80,someofthe10presetshaveoneormoreparameterspatched

to the front panel ADJUST knob, giving you instant control over the primary

aspect of the effect — without going into Edit mode.

We hope you will find the Vocal Fix card easy to use, and a great extension of

the power of your PCM 80. To get the most out ofthe card, we suggest that you

invest the time to explore this manual. We think you’ll agree that the time spent

investigating will reward you with enjoyment of the full capabilities of the card.

Note: The reverb mix or level is

turned down or off in allof the Vocal

Fixpresets,asthe amount ofreverb

appropriateforagivenapplicationis

very dependent on what else is go-

ing on in the mix. We’ve already set

thereverbparametersto valuesthat

will work well with the pitch effect -–

all you need to do is turn up the

appropriate reverb parameter (Rvb

Mix or RvbOutLvl in row 1 of any

edit matrix).

1-1

Vocal Fix Card Operation

Vocal Fix Card

Operation

Handling the

Algorithm Card

The Vocal Fix Algorithm Card is a standard PCMCIA card designed to be used

withtheLexiconPCM80(version1.10orhigher).Careandhandlingofthecard,

aswellassomeroutineprecautions are noted here. Please review these before

using the card toavoid damage to the card,as well asabnormal behavior in the

PCM 80. Refer to your PCM 80 User Guide for information on troubleshooting

the PCM 80 itself.

The Vocal Fix Algorithm Card is designed for use ONLY with the PCM 80

V1.10 or higher.

The Vocal Fix card is a Read Only Memory Card which cannot be overwritten.

It will only load properly into PCM 80s running 1.10 or higher software.

Handle cards with care.

Do not bend the card, or subject it to moisture, extreme temperature, direct

sunlight, or extreme shock.

Insert card completely before attempting card operations.

Incomplete card insertion can cause abnormal behavior.

Do not press EJECT while loading the card.

If the card is inserted before the PCM 80 is powered on, wait for the

completion of Power On Diagnostics andthe loading of the first program

before attempting to use or remove the card.

Card algorithms will be loaded automatically into the PCM 80 on power on.

Removing thecard before thecompletion ofthenormalPCM 80 power oncycle

may cause abnormal behavior.

Oncethe algorithms havebeenloadedfromthe card,youcaneitherremovethe

card, or leave it in the PCMCIA card slot.

While the PCM 80 is running an extension card algorithm, it will not load

a second algorithm card.

Recognition of a second algorithm card requires returning to the PCM 80's

internal memory by loading a preset or register from one of the internal

algorithms before loading the new algorithm card.

Care and Handling

Card Insertion

Operational Behavior

Lexicon

1-2

PCM 80 Vocal Fix User Guide

MIDI SysEx register dumps require that the algorithm card used to create

the effect(s) be loaded.

Be aware that, if you create a bank of registers with effects created from more

than one algorithm card, you will need to perform separate SysEx dumps for

each card used.

The algorithm used to create an effect must be loaded into the PCM 80 for a

SysEx dump to occur. If you do not have the appropriate algorithm card loaded

into the transmitting PCM 80, the data for the effect is not transmitted and the

following message is displayed:

Can't dump effect

Need algorithm card

Ifyoudonothavetheappropriatealgorithmcardloaded into thereceiving PCM

80 when a valid SysEx for an effect created from a card algorithm is received,

the following message is displayed:

Effect unchanged

Need algorithm card

Aplaceholderistransmittedforanyregisterwhichcannotbedumpedduetothe

absenceof analgorithmcard.Thisplaceholdercontainstheprogramnameand

algorithmnumber,butnoeffectparameterdata.Thisallowsaneditortoidentify

registers which were not sent, and the algorithm card which must be loaded to

complete the dump. The PCM 80 will always ignore the placeholder, and will

display the following message when a placeholder is received:

Effect unchanged

No data in dump

Notethat registersmadefromalgorithmcardscanbefreelycopiedbetweenthe

PCM 80's internal register bank (R) and RAM card banks (C0, C1, etc.) without

loading the algorithm card.

1-3

Vocal Fix Card Operation

Loading the

Vocal Fix Pitch Correct

Algorithm

Inorderto runtheVocalFixalgorithm,thesoftwaremustbeloadedintothePCM

80’s “extension” memory. To do this:

If the PCM 80 is turned off:

1. Insert the Vocal Fix algorithm card into the PCMCIA card slot.

2. Power up the PCM 80. The software will be loaded automatically.

If the PCM 80 is already running:

1. Insert the Vocal Fix algorithm card into the PCMCIA card slot.

2. Press Control and use SELECT and Up and Down to go to Control 2.1.

The following message should appear:

Card Load: V FIX 1.0

2.1 (Press LOAD)

3. Press Load/✱. The following message will appear briefly to indicate the

load was completed:

Extensions now

available

If the PCM 80 is running an algorithm from a different extension card:

Loading a different algorithm card requires returning to the PCM 80's internal

memory by loading a preset or register from one of the internal banks.

Otherwise, the following error message will be displayed when you press

Load/✱:

Cannot load while

running extension

To load a different algorithm card :

1. Press Program Banks and select an internal preset bank (P0 - P3).

2. Turn SELECT to display any preset in any of these banks, then press

Load/✱.

3. The new algorithm card can now be loaded as described above.

Once extension card soft-

ware is loaded, you can re-

move the card from the slot.

The algorithms will remain in

the PCM 80 until the unit is

turnedoff,oranewalgorithm

card is loaded. This makes

the PCMCIA card slot avail-

able for loading and storing

registers on RAM cards.

Lexicon

1-4

PCM 80 Vocal Fix User Guide

Loading the

Vocal Fix Presets Oncethesoftware is loaded,thePCM 80will have access to the program bank

on the algorithm card. This extension memory banks is labeled with an X.

1. Press Program Banks repeatedly until the Xbank is displayed. This will

follow all of the PCM 80's internal Program banks.

2. Use SELECT and Load/✱to view and load the Vocal Fix presets.

You can edit these presets and save the changed version into the PCM 80’s

internal registers, or you can save them into RAM card register banks. If the

Vocal Fix algorithm is loaded, recalling programs created with the algorithm is

as simple as selecting and loading any PCM 80 program.

If the Vocal Fix algorithm is not loaded when you attempt to load a program

created with it, the display will indicate that the selected register requires

extension memory (in this case, the Vocal Fix card).

Extension

R 1.1 XXXXXXXXX

2-1

The Pitch Correct Algorithm and Its Parameters

The Pitch Correct

Algorithm and Its

Parameters

Digital pitch shifting requires temporal compression or expansion of audio data

and the addition or removal of small audio segments to compensate. Raising

pitchis accomplished by compressingtheaudiodata —makingitrunfaster.As

this shortens the audio segment, a copy of a section of the audio being

processed is added to fill out the remaining time. To lower the pitch, the signal

is expanded, requiring the removal of a section of the audio. These operations

areperformedrepeatedlyathighspeed,atintervalswhichvaryaccording tothe

type of audio signal being processed.

At each point where audio is added or removed, the audio signal must be

rejoined, or spliced. If added or removed segments were perfectly correlated

with the remaining audio, splicing would be seamless. In reality, these splice

points are the source of audible artifacts which can be minimized, but not

completely eliminated.

Much of the art of pitch shifting, therefore, is in determining the appropriate

intervals for sampling and the optimal points for splicing. Asthe PCM 80 Vocal

Fix card gives you significant control over these operations, you may find it

helpful to keep in mind some of the other factors which can affect pitch shift

quality:

• Amount of pitch shifting

Large shift intervals require more splicing. As each splice can be the source of an

artifact, increasing their number increases the likelihood of audible artifacts.

• Pitch-complexity of the input material

Pure tones have simple waveforms which can be correlated easily for smooth

splicing.Pitch shifting of simpletones such asthosegenerated bya solovoice or a

monophonicinstrumentgenerallyproducesfewerartifactsthanpitchshiftingofwide

bandwidth material such as piano chords, full orchestra, etc.

• Low frequency content of the input material

Pitch shifting low frequency material requires the addition or removal of larger

segments of audio than high frequency material. The increased size of these

segments can introduce delays which are heard as artifacts.

• Transient content of the input material

When large amounts of pitch shifting are applied to complex input material with

dense percussive transients (drums, strummed mandolin, complex speech, etc.)

some of the transients may lose definition or be shifted slightly in time.

Intelligentpitchinvolvestwomajortasks,pitchdetectionandpitchshifting.Pitch

detection requires analyzing the input signal to determine its pitch – notes from

a chromatic scale: A, B, E-flat, etc. The second task involves shifting the pitch

of the input signal to a different note. The “intelligent” part refers to the ability of

the algorithm to follow a set of rules to determine an appropriate output pitch

based on the detected input shift.

Overview

LexiconPCM 80 Vocal Fix User Guide

2-2

The Pitch Correct algorithm provides a simple, yet powerful, set of tools for

correction of previously recorded melody tracks which are off pitch. The Pitch

Detect display shows the pitch of the input source in real time, displayed as a

chromatic note and ±cents so that you can see exactly where and how much

correction is needed. For most applications correction will only be needed for

notes that are audibly sour.

There are two basic approaches to this type of pitch correction. The first is to

patch the Correct parameter to a switch or to the ADJUST knob, the second is

touseaMIDIkeyboardtocontrolcorrection.Thepatchmethodispreferablefor

fine tuning a performance, whereas using a MIDI keyboard provides more

flexibility when handling more serious pitch errors, or when it is necessary to

completely rework the melody.

MIDI control is straightforward. Just connect a MIDI keyboard to the PCM 80

MIDI IN jack, set the keyboard and the PCM 80 to the same MIDI channel, and

you're ready to start. Don't try to play the melody note-for-note — just [ress the

keysneededtocorrectbadnotes.WhenyoupressakeyontheMIDIkeyboard,

theaudioisforcedtothekeyboard's pitch.When youreleasethe key,theaudio

is processed according to the settings you have made to Correct and Tracking.

Typically, Correct will be set to 0% and Tracking set to Fastest. This results in

the MIDI notedetermining the correctpitch and triggeringcorrection on andoff.

(By the way, you don’t need a score to know which note, just watch the Pitch

Detect display.)

The PitchCorrect

Algorithm

TheVocalFix PitchCorrectalgorithmisdesignedtoworkwithmonophonic(one

note at a time) vocal sources. The algorithm contains an intelligent pitch shifter

combined with a PCM 80 Chamber reverb. The intelligent pitch shifter detects

the pitch of incoming audio and produces effects based on the detected pitch.

Thereverb follows the pitch shifter in series.The FX Mixparameter isset to0%

reverb as most applications require only pitch processing.

The following pages contain diagrams of the reverb and the pitch shifting

portionsof the PitchCorrectalgorithm, along with acomplete parameter matrix

and descriptions of the Pitch Correct parameters. Refer to the PCM 80 User

Guide for detailed descriptions of all other effect parameters.

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