Linear Technology LT1933 Manuale utente

LT1933

1933fe

TYPICAL APPLICATION

FEATURES

APPLICATIONS

DESCRIPTION

600mA, 500kHz Step-Down

Switching Regulator in

SOT-23 and DFN Packages

The LT

1933 is a current mode PWM step-down DC/DC

converter with an internal 0.75A power switch, packaged

in a tiny 6-lead SOT-23. The wide input range of 3.6V

to 36V makes the LT1933 suitable for regulating power

from a wide variety of sources, including unregulated wall

transformers, 24V industrial supplies and automotive

batteries. Its high operating frequency allows the use of

tiny, low cost inductors and ceramic capacitors, resulting

in low, predictable output ripple.

Cycle-by-cycle current limit provides protection against

shorted outputs, and soft-start eliminates input current

surge during start up. The low current (<2µA) shutdown

provides output disconnect, enabling easy power manage-

ment in battery-powered systems.

L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear

Technology Corporation. ThinSOT is a trademark of Linear Technology Corporation. All other

trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

3.3V Step-Down Converter

nWide Input Range: 3.6V to 36V

n5V at 600mA from 16V to 36V Input

n3.3V at 600mA from 12V to 36V Input

n5V at 500mA from 6.3V to 36V Input

n3.3V at 500mA from 4.5V to 36V Input

nFixed Frequency 500kHz Operation

nUses Tiny Capacitors and Inductors

nSoft-Start

nInternally Compensated

nLow Shutdown Current: <2µA

nOutput Adjustable Down to 1.25V

nLow Proﬁle (1mm) SOT-23 (ThinSOT™) and

(2mm ×3mm ×0.75mm) 6-Pin DFN Packages

nAutomotive Battery Regulation

nIndustrial Control Supplies

nWall Transformer Regulation

nDistributed Supply Regulation

nBattery-Powered Equipment

Efﬁciency

VIN

4.5V TO 36V

OFF ON

0.1µF 22µH

1N4148

MBRM140

10k

16.5k

22µF

1933 TA01a

2.2µF

VOUT

3.3V/500mA

VIN BOOST

GND FB

SHDN SW

LT1933

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

300 400

1933 TA01b

100 200 600500

EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 12V

VOUT = 5V

VOUT = 3.3V

LT1933

1933fe

ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS

Input Voltage (VIN)..................................... –0.4V to 36V

BOOST Pin Voltage ...................................................43V

BOOST Pin Above SW Pin.........................................20V

SHDN Pin................................................... –0.4V to 36V

FB Voltage.................................................... –0.4V to 6V

Operating Temperature Range (Note 2)

LT1933E...................................................–40°C to 85°C

(Note 1)

TOP VIEW

GND

SHDN

BOOST

VIN

DCB PACKAGE

6-LEAD (2mm ×3mm) PLASTIC DFN

θJA = 73.5°C/W, θJC = 12°C/W

EXPOSED PAD (PIN 7) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB

BOOST 1

GND 2

FB 3

6 SW

5 VIN

4SHDN

TOP VIEW

S6 PACKAGE

6-LEAD PLASTIC TSOT-23

θJA = 165°C/W, θJC = 102°C/W

PIN CONFIGURATION

ORDER INFORMATION

LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE

LT1933IDCB#PBF LT1933IDCB#TRPBF LCGM 6-Lead (2mm ×3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C

LT1933HDCB#PBF LT1933HDCB#TRPBF LCGN 6-Lead (2mm ×3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 150°C

LT1933ES6#PBF LT1933ES6#TRPBF LTAGN 6-Lead Plastic TSOT-23 –40°C to 85°C

LT1933IS6#PBF LT1933IS6#TRPBF LTAGP 6-Lead Plastic TSOT-23 –40°C to 125°C

LT1933HS6#PBF LT1933HS6#TRPBF LTDDQ 6-Lead Plastic TSOT-23 –40°C to 150°C

LEAD BASED FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE

LT1933IDCB LT1933IDCB#TR LCGM 6-Lead (2mm ×3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C

LT1933HDCB LT1933HDCB#TR LCGN 6-Lead (2mm ×3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 150°C

LT1933ES6 LT1933ES6#TR LTAGN 6-Lead Plastic TSOT-23 –40°C to 85°C

LT1933IS6 LT1933IS6#TR LTAGP 6-Lead Plastic TSOT-23 –40°C to 125°C

LT1933HS6 LT1933HS6#TR LTDDQ 6-Lead Plastic TSOT-23 –40°C to 150°C

Consult LTC Marketing for parts speciﬁed with wider operating temperature ranges.

For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/

For more information on tape and reel speciﬁcations, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/

LT1933I.................................................. –40°C to 125°C

LT1933H ................................................–40°C to 150°C

Maximum Junction Temperature

LT1933E, LT1933I ................................................. 125°C

LT1933H ............................................................... 150°C

Storage Temperature Range .................. –65°C to 150°C

Lead Temperature, S6 Package

(Soldering, 10 sec)............................................ 300°C

LT1933

1933fe

ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings

may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute

Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device

reliability and lifetime.

Note 2: The LT1933E is guaranteed to meet performance speciﬁcations

from 0°C to 70°C. Speciﬁcations over the –40°C to 85°C operating

temperature range are assured by design, characterization and correlation

with statistical process controls. The LT1933I speciﬁcations are

PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS

Undervoltage Lockout 3.35 3.6 V

Feedback Voltage l1.225 1.245 1.265 V

FB Pin Bias Current VFB = Measured VREF + 10mV (Note 4) l40 120 nA

Quiescent Current Not Switching 1.6 2.5 mA

Quiescent Current in Shutdown VSHDN = 0V 0.01 2 µA

Reference Line Regulation VIN = 5V to 36V 0.01 %/V

Switching Frequency VFB = 1.1V 400 500 600 kHz

VFB = 0V 55 kHz

Maximum Duty Cycle l88 94 %

Switch Current Limit (Note 3) 0.75 1.05 A

Switch VCESAT ISW = 400mA, S6 Package

ISW = 400mA, DCB6 Package

370

500 mV

Switch Leakage Current 2µA

Minimum Boost Voltage Above Switch ISW = 400mA 1.9 2.3 V

BOOST Pin Current ISW = 400mA 18 25 mA

SHDN Input Voltage High 2.3 V

SHDN Input Voltage Low 0.3 V

SHDN Bias Current VSHDN = 2.3V (Note 5)

VSHDN = 0V

0.01

0.1

µA

The ldenotes the speciﬁcations which apply over the full operating

temperature range, otherwise speciﬁcations are at TA= 25°C. VIN = 12V, VBOOST = 17V, unless otherwise noted. (Note 2)

guaranteed over the –40°C to 125°C temperature range. The LT1933H

speciﬁcations are guaranteed over the –40°C to 150°C temperature range.

Note 3: Current limit guaranteed by design and/or correlation to static test.

Slope compensation reduces current limit at higher duty cycle.

Note 4: Current ﬂows out of pin.

Note 5: Current ﬂows into pin.

LT1933

1933fe

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Efﬁciency, VOUT = 5V Efﬁciency, VOUT = 3.3V Switch Current Limit

Maximum Load Current Maximum Load Current Switch Voltage Drop

Feedback Voltage Undervoltage Lockout Switching Frequency

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

100

300 400

1933 G01

100 200 600500

EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 24V

VIN = 12V

TA= 25°C

VOUT = 5V

D1 = MBRM140

L1 = Toko D53LCB 33µH

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

100

300 400

1933 G02

100 200 600500

EFFICIENCY (%)

VIN = 24V

VIN = 12V

VIN = 5V

TA= 25°C

VOUT = 3.3V

D1 = MBRM140

L1 = Toko D53LCB 22µH

DUTY CYCLE (%)

SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (mA)

600

800

1200

1000

1933 G03

400

200

020 40 60 100

MINIMUM

TYPICAL

TA= 25°C

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

600

700

1933 G04

500

400 510 15 3025

800

L = 22µH

L = 33µH

TA= 25°C

VOUT = 5V

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

600

700

1933 G05

500

400 510 15 3025

800

L = 22µH

L = 15µH

TA= 25°C

VOUT = 3.3V

SWITCH CURRENT (A)

SWITCH VOLTAGE (mV)

100

200

300

400

600

500

0.2 0.4

1933 G06

0.60.1 0.3 0.5

TA= 85°C

TA= 25°C

TA= –40°C

TEMPERATURE (°C)

FEEDBACK VOLTAGE (V)

1.260

1.255

1.250

1.240

1.230

1.245

1.235

1933 G07

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 150125

TEMPERATURE (°C)

UVLO (V)

3.8

3.6

3.4

3.2

3.0

1933 G08

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 150125

TEMPERATURE (°C)

SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)

600

550

500

450

400

1933 G09

–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 150125

LT1933

1933fe

TYPICAL PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS

Frequency Foldback Soft-Start SHDN Pin Current

Typical Minimum Input Voltage Typical Minimum Input Voltage Switch Current Limit

Operating Waveforms

Operating Waveforms,

Discontinuous Mode

FB PIN VOLTAGE (V)

0.0

SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)

700

600

300

100

400

500

200

0.5

1933 G10

1.0 1.5

TA= 25°C

SHDN PIN VOLTAGE (V)

SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (A)

1.4

1.2

0.6

0.2

0.8

1.0

0.4

1933 G11

234

TA= 25°C

DC = 30%

SHDN PIN CURRENT (µA)

200

150

100

1933 G12

81216

SHDN PIN VOLTAGE (V)

TA= 25°C

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

1933 G13

VOUT = 5V

TA= 25°C

L = 33µH

TO START

TO RUN

1 10 100

LOAD CURRENT (mA)

4.5

INPUT VOLTAGE (V)

5.0

5.5

6.0

1933 G14

3.0

3.5

4.0

VOUT = 3.3V

TA= 25°C

L = 22µH

TO START

TO RUN

1 10 100

TEMPERATURE (°C)

–50

SWITCH CURRENT LIMIT (A)

1.4

1.2

1.0

0.6

0.2

0.8

0.4

–25 0 25

1933 G15

50 75 100 150125

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 400mA,

L = 22µH, COUT = 22µF

1933 G16

VOUT 10mV/DIV

IL200mA/DIV

VOUT1

1.8V

VOUT2

1.2V

VSW 10V/DIV

VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, IOUT = 20mA,

L = 22µH, COUT = 22µF

1933 G17

VOUT 10mV/DIV

IL200mA/DIV

VOUT1

1.8V

VOUT2

1.2V

VSW 10V/DIV

LT1933

1933fe

PIN FUNCTIONS

BOOST (Pin 1): The BOOST pin is used to provide a drive

voltage,higher thanthe input voltage,to theinternal bipolar

NPN power switch.

GND (Pin 2/Pin 5 and Exposed Pad, Pin 7): Tie the

GND pin to a local ground plane below the LT1933 and

the circuit components. Return the feedback divider to

this pin.

FB (Pin 3/Pin 6): The LT1933 regulates its feedback pin to

1.245V. Connect the feedback resistor divider tap to this

pin. Set the output voltage according to VOUT = 1.245V

(1 + R1/R2). A good value for R2 is 10k.

SHDN (Pin 4): The SHDN pin is used to put the LT1933 in

shutdown mode. Tie to ground to shut down the LT1933.

Tie to 2.3V or more for normal operation. If the shutdown

feature is not used, tie this pin to the VIN pin. SHDN also

provides a soft-start function; see the Applications Infor-

mation section.

VIN (Pin 5/Pin 2): The VIN pin supplies current to the

LT1933’s internal regulator and to the internal power

switch. This pin must be locally bypassed.

SW (Pin 6): The SW pin is the output of the internal power

switch. Connect this pin to the inductor, catch diode and

boost capacitor.

(SOT-23/DFN)

BLOCK DIAGRAM

DRIVER Q1

OSC

SLOPE

COMP

FREQUENCY

FOLDBACK

INT REG

AND

UVLO

VCgm

1.245V

1933 BD

BOOST

R2 R1

VOUT

VIN

ON OFF

GND

SHDN

LT1933

1933fe

OPERATION

(Refer to Block Diagram)

The LT1933 is a constant frequency, current mode step

down regulator. A 500kHz oscillator enables an RS ﬂip-

ﬂop, turning on the internal 750mA power switch Q1. An

ampliﬁer and comparator monitor the current ﬂowing

between the VIN and SW pins, turning the switch off when

this current reaches a level determined by the voltage at

VC.An errorampliﬁer measuresthe output voltage through

an external resistor divider tied to the FB pin and servos

the VCnode. If the error ampliﬁer’s output increases, more

current is delivered to the output; if it decreases, less cur-

rent is delivered. An active clamp (not shown) on the VC

node provides current limit. The VCnode is also clamped

to the voltage on the SHDN pin; soft-start is implemented

by generating a voltage ramp at the SHDN pin using an

external resistor and capacitor.

An internal regulator provides power to the control cir-

cuitry. This regulator includes an undervoltage lockout

to prevent switching when VIN is less than ~3.35V. The

SHDN pin is used to place the LT1933 in shutdown, dis-

connecting the output and reducing the input current to

less than 2µA.

The switch driver operates from either the input or from

the BOOST pin. An external capacitor and diode are used

to generate a voltage at the BOOST pin that is higher than

the input supply. This allows the driver to fully saturate

the internal bipolar NPN power switch for efﬁcient opera-

tion.

The oscillator reduces the LT1933’s operating frequency

when the voltage at the FB pin is low. This frequency

foldback helps to control the output current during startup

and overload.

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

FB Resistor Network

The output voltage is programmed with a resistor divider

between the output and the FB pin. Choose the 1% resis-

tors according to:

R1 = R2(VOUT/1.245 – 1)

R2 should be 20k or less to avoid bias current errors.

Reference designators refer to the Block Diagram.

Input Voltage Range

The input voltage range for LT1933 applications depends

on the output voltage and on the absolute maximum rat-

ings of the VIN and BOOST pins.

The minimum input voltage is determined by either the

LT1933’s minimum operating voltage of ~3.35V, or by its

maximum duty cycle. The duty cycle is the fraction of

time that the internal switch is on and is determined by

the input and output voltages:

DC = (VOUT + VD)/(VIN – VSW + VD)

where VDis the forward voltage drop of the catch diode

(~0.4V) and VSW is the voltage drop of the internal switch

(~0.4V at maximum load). This leads to a minimum input

voltage of:

IN(MIN) = (VOUT + VD)/DCMAX – VD+ VSW

with DCMAX = 0.88

The maximum input voltage is determined by the absolute

maximum ratings of the VIN and BOOST pins and by the

minimum duty cycle DCMIN = 0.08 (corresponding to a

minimum on time of 130ns):

IN(MAX) = (VOUT + VD)/DCMIN – VD+ VSW

Note that this is a restriction on the operating input voltage;

the circuit will tolerate transient inputs up to the absolute

maximum ratings of the VIN and BOOST pins.

Inductor Selection and Maximum Output Current

A good ﬁrst choice for the inductor value is:

L = 5 (VOUT + VD)

where VDis the voltage drop of the catch diode (~0.4V)

and L is in µH. With this value the maximum load current

will be above 500mA. The inductor’s RMS current rating

must be greater than your maximum load current and its

LT1933

1933fe

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Table 1.Inductor Vendors

Vendor URL Part Series Inductance Range (μH) Size (mm)

Coilcraft www.coilcraft.com D01608C 10 to 22 2.9 × 4.5 × 6.6

MSS5131 10 to 22 3.1 × 5.1 × 5.1

MSS6122 10 to 33 2.2 × 6.1 × 6.1

Sumida www.sumida.com CR43 10 to 22 3.5 × 4.3 × 4.8

CDRH4D28 10 to 33 3.0 × 5.0 × 5.0

CDRH5D28 22 to 47 3.0 × 5.7 × 5.7

Toko www.toko.com D52LC 10 to 22 2.0 × 5.0 × 5.0

D53LC 22 to 47 3.0 × 5.0 × 5.0

Würth Elektronik www.we-online.com WE-TPC MH 10 to 22 2.8 × 4.8 × 4.8

WE-PD4 S 10 to 22 2.9 × 4.5 × 6.6

WE-PD2 S 10 to 47 3.2 × 4.0 × 4.5

saturation current should be about 30% higher. For robust

operation in fault conditions the saturation current should

be~1A. To keep efﬁciency high,the seriesresistance (DCR)

should be less than 0.2. Table 1 lists several vendors

and types that are suitable.

Of course, such a simple design guide will not always re-

sult in the optimum inductor for your application. A larger

value provides a slightly higher maximum load current,

and will reduce the output voltage ripple. If your load is

lower than 500mA, then you can decrease the value of

the inductor and operate with higher ripple current. This

allows you to use a physically smaller inductor, or one

with a lower DCR resulting in higher efﬁciency. There are

several graphs in the Typical Performance Characteristics

section of this data sheet that show the maximum load

current as a function of input voltage and inductor value

for several popular output voltages. Low inductance may

result in discontinuous mode operation, which is OK, but

further reduces maximum load current. For details of

maximum output current and discontinuous mode opera-

tion, see Linear Technology Application Note 44. Finally,

for duty cycles greater than 50% (VOUT/VIN > 0.5), there

is a minimum inductance required to avoid subharmonic

oscillations. Choosing L greater than 3(VOUT + VD) µH

prevents subharmonic oscillations at all duty cycles.

Catch Diode

A 0.5A or 1A Schottky diode is recommended for the catch

diode, D1. The diode must have a reverse voltage rating

equal to or greater than the maximum input voltage. The

ON Semiconductor MBR0540 is a good choice; it is rated

for 0.5A forward current and a maximum reverse voltage

of 40V. The MBRM140 provides better efﬁciency, and will

handle extended overload conditions.

Input Capacitor

Bypass the input of the LT1933 circuit with a 2.2µF or

higher value ceramic capacitor of X7R or X5R type. Y5V

types have poor performance over temperature and ap-

plied voltage, and should not be used. A 2.2µF ceramic

is adequate to bypass the LT1933 and will easily handle

the ripple current. However, if the input power source has

high impedance, or there is signiﬁcant inductance due to

long wires or cables, additional bulk capacitance may be

necessary. This can be provided with a low performance

electrolytic capacitor.

Step-down regulators draw current from the input sup-

ply in pulses with very fast rise and fall times. The input

capacitor is required to reduce the resulting voltage

ripple at the LT1933 and to force this very high frequency

LT1933

1933fe

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

switching current into a tight local loop, minimizing EMI.

A 2.2µF capacitor is capable of this task, but only if it is

placed close to the LT1933 and the catch diode; see the

PCB Layout section. A second precaution regarding the

ceramic input capacitor concerns the maximum input

voltage rating of the LT1933. A ceramic input capacitor

combined with trace or cable inductance forms a high

quality (under damped) tank circuit. If the LT1933 circuit

is plugged into a live supply, the input voltage can ring to

twice its nominal value, possibly exceeding the LT1933’s

voltage rating. This situation is easily avoided; see the Hot

Plugging Safely section.

Output Capacitor

The output capacitor has two essential functions. Along

with the inductor, it ﬁlters the square wave generated

by the LT1933 to produce the DC output. In this role it

determines the output ripple, and low impedance at the

switching frequency is important. The second function

is to store energy in order to satisfy transient loads and

stabilize the LT1933’s control loop.

Ceramic capacitors have very low equivalent series re-

sistance (ESR) and provide the best ripple performance.

A good value is

OUT = 60/VOUT

where COUT is in µF. Use X5R or X7R types, and keep

in mind that a ceramic capacitor biased with VOUT will

have less than its nominal capacitance. This choice will

provide low output ripple and good transient response.

Transient performance can be improved with a high value

capacitor, but a phase lead capacitor across the feedback

resistor R1 may be required to get the full beneﬁt (see the

Compensation section).

High performance electrolytic capacitors can be used for

the output capacitor. Low ESR is important, so choose one

that is intended for use in switching regulators. The ESR

should be speciﬁed by the supplier, and should be 0.1

or less. Such a capacitor will be larger than a ceramic

capacitor and will have a larger capacitance, because the

capacitor must be large to achieve low ESR. Table 2 lists

several capacitor vendors.

Table 2.Inductor Vendors

Vendor Phone URL Part Series Comments

Panasonic (714) 373-7366 www.panasonic.com Ceramic,

Polymer,

Tantalum

EEF Series

Kemet (864) 963-6300 www.kemet.com Ceramic,

Tantalum T494, T495

Sanyo (408) 749-9714 www.sanyovideo.com Ceramic,

Polymer,

Tantalum

POSCAP

Murata (404)436-1300 www.murata.com Ceramic

AVX www.avxcorp.com Ceramic,

Tantalum TPS Series

Taiyo Yuden (864)963-6300 www.taiyo-yuden.com Ceramic

LT1933

1933fe

APPLICATIONS INFORMATION

Figure 1 shows the transient response of the LT1933 with

several output capacitor choices. The output is 3.3V. The

load current is stepped from 100mA to 400mA and back to

100mA, and the oscilloscope traces show the output volt-

age. The upper photo shows the recommended value. The

second photo shows the improved response (less voltage

drop) resulting from a larger output capacitor and a phase

lead capacitor. The last photo shows the response to a high

performance electrolytic capacitor. Transient performance

is improved due to the large output capacitance, but output

ripple(as shownby thebroad trace)has increased because

of the higher ESR of this capacitor.

Figure 1. Transient Load Response of the LT1933 with Different

Output Capacitors as the Load Current is Stepped from 100mA

to 400mA. VIN = 12V, VOUT = 3.3V, L = 22μH.

22µFFB

16.5k

10k

VOUT

1933 F01a

VOUT

50mV/DIV

IOUT

200mA/DIV

VOUT

50mV/DIV

IOUT

200mA/DIV

VOUT

1933 F01b

16.5k

10k

22µF

470pF

VOUT

50mV/DIV

IOUT

200mA/DIV

SANYO

4TPB100M

1933 F01c

VOUT

16.5k

10k

100µF

Indice

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