Magellan GPS PROMARK X Manuale utente
630237 B
USER GUIDE
for the
MAGELLAN GPS PROMARK X
and the
MAGELLAN GPS PROMARK X-CM
Magellan Systems Corporation
471 El Camino Real
Santa Clara, California 95050
(408) 615-5100
FAX (408) 615-5200
© 1999 by Magellan Corporation. All rights reserved.
Rev. B
No part of this User Guide may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and
recording, for any purpose other than the purchaser's personal use
without the written permission of Magellan Systems Corporation.
Magellan™, GPS ProMARK X™, and GPS ProMARK X-CM™ are the
trademarks of Magellan Corporation.
630237 B
WARNINGS
A measure of knowledge by the user is required for proper and safe use of the
Magellan GPS ProMARK X™ and GPS ProMARK X-CM™. READ THE
USER GUIDE AND WARRANTY COMPLETELY.
Assess the Accuracy Required
The ProMARK X is generally capable of better than 12 meters (RMS) horizon-
tal accuracy in autonomous operation and better than 3 meters (RMS) horizon-
tal in differential operation — with a little averaging. While this makes it a
remarkable tool for some third-order surveys and for marking and relocating
geographical sites, the product is not intended as a replacement for the
intstrumentation needed for first-order surveys.
Use Good Judgement
This product is an excellent navigation aid, but it does not replace the need for
careful orienteering and good judgement. Never rely solely on one device for
navigating.
Use Care to Avoid Inaccuracies
The Global Position System (GPS) is operated by the U.S. Government, which
is solely responsible for the accuracy and the maintenance of GPS. Certain
conditions can make the system less accurate.
Accuracy can also be affected by poor satellite geometry. WHEN THE ACCU-
RACY WARNING APPEARS ON THE SCREEN, USE THIS DATA WITH
EXTREME CAUTION.
THE GLOBAL POSITION SYSTEM IS A DoD SYSTEM. The government can
make changes to the system that could affect the performance of GPS receiv-
ers.
WARNING
The accuracy of position fixes can be affected by the periodic adjust-
ments to GPS satellites by the U.S. Government and is subject to
changes in accordance with the Department of Defense Civil GPS user
policy and the Federal Radionavigation Plan.
Use Differential Judiciously
While differential and carrier phase can completely remove the effects of
government degradation of the GPS signal (selective availability), this process
assumes identically matched data sets. Prior to using differential or carrier
phase, the user must have a thorough understanding of datums and the theory
behind the differential process.
i
CONTENTS
Chapter 1 — Introduction
The ProMARK X ......................................................... 1-1
About This Manual .................................................... 1-2
Sample Displays ......................................................... 1-2
Key Representation .................................................... 1-3
Chapter 2 — Getting Started
Introduction .............................................................. 2-1
Batteries .................................................................... 2-1
Loading the Alkaline Batteries ................................. 2-2
Loading the NiCad Battery Pack .............................. 2-3
Battery Operation ................................................... 2-3
Battery Warnings .................................................... 2-3
External Power Operation .......................................... 2-4
The Keys .................................................................... 2-5
Light .......................................................................... 2-6
Entering Data ............................................................ 2-6
ON/OFF ..................................................................... 2-7
Power-On ............................................................... 2-7
Power-Off............................................................... 2-8
Initialization ............................................................... 2-8
Initializing Manually ................................................ 2-9
Self-Initializing ...................................................... 2-11
Orienting the Antenna ............................................. 2-12
The Position (POS) Key ............................................. 2-13
Collecting An Almanac ............................................ 2-14
Taking a Position Fix ............................................. 2-15
The Position Display .............................................. 2-17
Position Fix Updates .............................................. 2-18
Message Displays ..................................................... 2-18
ii
Chapter 3 — SETUP
SETUP ........................................................................ 3-2
Entering an Initial Position ..................................... 3-3
Selecting Mode and Entering Altitude ................... 3-4
Setting the Time .................................................... 3-4
Choosing a Mask Angle ........................................ 3-5
Data Sample Rate .................................................. 3-6
Choosing a Coordinate System ............................. 3-8
Selecting a Map Datum ....................................... 3-11
Choosing an Altitude Reference .......................... 3-12
Altitude Units ...................................................... 3-14
Magnetic Variation Display .................................. 3-14
Distance Units ..................................................... 3-15
Choosing Automatic or Manual Leg Switching
Modes ......................................................... 3-15
Velocity Average ................................................. 3-16
Battery Saver ....................................................... 3-16
Beeper Control .................................................... 3-17
Display Control ................................................... 3-17
Date Order .......................................................... 3-17
Chapter 4 — Auxiliary Functions
Receiver Status .......................................................... 4-2
Satellite Schedule....................................................... 4-3
Satellite Status ........................................................... 4-5
View Data Files .......................................................... 4-6
Data Input/Output ..................................................... 4-6
Waypoint Projection .................................................. 4-9
Erase Waypoints ...................................................... 4-10
Almanac Collect ...................................................... 4-11
Reverse Route .......................................................... 4-11
Memory Stats .......................................................... 4-13
File Maintenance ..................................................... 4-14
Deep Storage .......................................................... 4-15
Product Support ...................................................... 4-16
iii
Chapter 5 — Waypoints, Routes, and Navigation
Waypoint .................................................................. 5-1
Saving Positions as Waypoints ............................... 5-1
Entering Waypoints Manually ................................ 5-2
Viewing Stored Waypoints .................................... 5-3
Renaming Waypoints ............................................ 5-4
Clearing a Waypoint ............................................. 5-5
Saving an Averaged Position as a Waypoint ........... 5-5
Route ........................................................................ 5-6
Choosing a Route Mode ....................................... 5-6
Creating a Route ................................................... 5-6
Activating a Route ................................................. 5-8
Viewing and Editing a Route ................................. 5-8
Appending a Leg ................................................. 5-10
Activating a Route ............................................... 5-10
Reversing a Route ............................................... 5-10
Navigation ............................................................... 5-11
Chapter 6 — Attributes
Attribution ................................................................ 6-1
ATTR Key Operation .................................................. 6-1
Suggestions on Using the ATTR Key ...................... 6-5
Chapter 7 — Differential
DIF Functions ............................................................. 7-1
Averaging ............................................................. 7-1
Secondary Differential ........................................... 7-1
Mobile Differential ................................................ 7-2
RTCM ................................................................... 7-2
DIF Functions Operations ........................................... 7-2
Averaging ............................................................. 7-2
Stationary Differential ........................................... 7-5
Mobile Differential .............................................. 7-12
RTCM ................................................................. 7-18
File Structure ........................................................... 7-17
iv
Chapter 8 — Troubleshooting and Operating Tips
Error and Warning Messages ..................................... 8-1
Operating Problems ................................................... 8-5
Operating Tips ......................................................... 8-10
Unsure of Your Position When Initializing ............ 8-11
Search and Acquisition Errors .............................. 8-11
Initialization Errors ............................................... 8-11
The Signal Environment ....................................... 8-11
Insufficient Number of Satellties .......................... 8-12
Unit Searches Constantly ..................................... 8-13
Accuracy Warning Symbol ................................... 8-13
Signal Quality ...................................................... 8-13
Old Data ............................................................. 8-14
Choosing a Datum .................................................. 8-14
Using the Unit Near the Poles .................................. 8-15
Storing the Unit ....................................................... 8-15
When Nothing Else Works ....................................... 8-15
Magellan's Customer Support ................................. 8-16
Appendix
1 — Global Positioning System .................................. A-1
2 — Differential Theory ............................................. A-5
3 — User-Defined Datum Worksheet ......................... A-9
4 — Table of Constants ........................................... A-11
5 — British, Irish, and UPS Grids .............................. A-21
6 — User-Defined Grid Worksheet........................... A-23
7 — State Plane Coordinate Constants .................... A-25
8 — Waypoint Log, Grid .......................................... A-45
9 — Waypoint Log, Lat/Lon ..................................... A-47
10 — Position Dilution of Precision .......................... A-49
11 — Signal Quality ................................................. A-50
12 — Glossary ......................................................... A-51
v
Welcome to the world of accurate positioning through the Global Position-
ing System (GPS). This manual was created to serve as a reference guide for
the ProMARK X-CM and the ProMARK X GPS receivers, manufactured by
Magellan Systems Corporation.
The ProMARK X-CM receiver is a 10-channel, SPS receiver that can collect
carrier phase data. The ProMARK X receiver does not have carrier phase
capability. Both models were designed for professional applications. Through-
out the guide, references to the "ProMARK X" will be understood to mean
both models; where information is specific to the ProMARK X-CM, the
receiver is referred to as the "ProMARK X-CM."
This guide assumes that the user has a background specific to the application
for which the receiver is being used. The guide therefore does not describe
applications except where they directly affect the operation of the receiver.
The guide was designed to follow the logical order of the receiver's functions
wherever possible.
Feel free to skip the functions that do not pertain to your applications. Users,
for example, who do not use differential need not read Chapters 6 and 7. All
users, however, should read Chapters 1 through 4, which cover the basic
operation of the receiver and the setup and auxiliary functions. The user who
has no navigation experience may benefit from reading Chapter 5. Those
with no previous experience with global positioning may also want to read
the general information about GPS found in Appendices 6, 7, and 8.
The ProMARK X User Guide should be used in conjunction with the post-
processing software guide and, where applicable, the submeter guide.
vi
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