National Instruments NI-488.2M Manuale utente

NI-488.2M™

Software Reference Manual

for OS/2

January 1995 Edition

Part Number 370950A-01

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Limited Warranty

The media on which you receive National Instruments software are

warranted not to fail to execute programming instructions, due to defects in

materials and workmanship, for a period of 90 days from date of shipment,

as evidenced by receipts or other documentation. National Instruments will,

at its option, repair or replace software media that do not execute

programming instructions if National Instruments receives notice of such

defects during the warranty period. National Instruments does not warrant

that the operation of the software shall be uninterrupted or error free.

A Return Material Authorization (RMA) number must be obtained from the

factory and clearly marked on the outside of the package before any

equipment will be accepted for warranty work. National Instruments will

pay the shipping costs of returning to the owner parts which are covered by

warranty.

National Instruments believes that the information in this manual is

accurate. The document has been carefully reviewed for technical accuracy.

In the event that technical or typographical errors exist, National

Instruments reserves the right to make changes to subsequent editions of

this document without prior notice to holders of this edition. The reader

should consult National Instruments if errors are suspected. In no event

shall National Instruments be liable for any damages arising out of or

related to this document or the information contained in it.

EXCEPT AS SPECIFIED HEREIN, NATIONAL INSTRUMENTS MAKES NO

WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS

ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A

PARTICULAR PURPOSE. CUSTOMER'S RIGHT TO RECOVER DAMAGES

CAUSED BY FAULT OR NEGLIGENCE ON THE PART OF NATIONAL

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EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY THEREOF. This limitation of the

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whether in contract or tort, including negligence. Any action against

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performance due to causes beyond its reasonable control. The warranty

provided herein does not cover damages, defects, malfunctions, or service

failures caused by owner's failure to follow the National Instruments

installation, operation, or maintenance instructions; owner's modification of

the product; owner's abuse, misuse, or negligent acts; and power failure or

surges, fire, flood, accident, actions of third parties, or other events outside

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Under the copyright laws, this publication may not be reproduced or

transmitted in any form, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying,

recording, storing in an information retrieval system, or translating, in

whole or in part, without the prior written consent of National Instruments

Corporation.

Trademarks

NI-488®, NI-488.2™, and NI-488.2M™are trademarks of National

Instruments Corporation.

Product and company names listed are trademarks or trade names of their

respective companies.

Warning Regarding Medical and Clinical Use

of National Instruments Products

National Instruments products are not designed with components and testing

intended to ensure a level of reliability suitable for use in treatment and

diagnosis of humans. Applications of National Instruments products

involving medical or clinical treatment can create a potential for accidental

injury caused by product failure, or by errors on the part of the user or

application designer. Any use or application of National Instruments

products for or involving medical or clinical treatment must be performed by

properly trained and qualified medical personnel, and all traditional medical

safeguards, equipment, and procedures that are appropriate in the particular

situation to prevent serious injury or death should always continue to be

used when National Instruments products are being used. National

Instruments products are NOT intended to be a substitute for any form of

established process, procedure, or equipment used to monitor or safeguard

human health and safety in medical or clinical treatment.

Contents

About This Manual ..........................................................................xi

Organization of This Manual......................................................xi

Conventions Used in This Manual.............................................xii

How to Use This Manual Set......................................................xiv

Related Documentation ..............................................................xv

Customer Communication..........................................................xv

Chapter 1

NI-488.2M Software Description................................................1-1

The NI-488.2M Software Package.............................................1-1

NI-488.2M Driver and Driver Utilities ........................1-1

Language Files.............................................................1-2

Example Program Files................................................1-2

API-Related Files.........................................................1-3

How the NI-488.2M Software Works with OS/2.......................1-4

GPIB Overview ..........................................................................1-5

The IEEE 488 Standard and GPIB...............................1-5

Talkers, Listeners, and Controllers ..............................1-5

Controller-In-Charge and System Controller...............1-6

Sending Messages Across the GPIB............................1-6

Data Lines......................................................1-6

Handshake Lines............................................1-6

Interface Management Lines .........................1-7

Setting Up and Configuring Your System...................1-7

Controlling More Than One Board..............................1-9

Chapter 2

Application Examples.....................................................................2-1

Example 1: Basic Communication ............................................2-2

Example 2: Clearing and Triggering Devices...........................2-4

Example 3: Asynchronous I/O...................................................2-6

Example 4: End-of-String Mode...............................................2-8

Example 5: Service Requests.....................................................2-10

Example 6: Basic Communication with IEEE 488.2

Compliant Devices.................................................2-14

Example 7: Serial Polls Using NI-488.2 Routines ....................2-16

Example 8: Parallel Polls...........................................................2-18

Example 9: Non-Controller Example........................................2-21

Contents

NI-488.2M SRM for OS/2 vi © National Instruments Corp.

Chapter 3

Developing Your Application.......................................................3-1

Choosing a Programming Method..............................................3-1

Using the NI-488.2 Language Interface.......................3-1

Using NI-488 Functions: One Device for

Each Board.....................................................3-2

NI-488 Device-Level Functions......3-2

NI-488 Board-Level Functions .......3-3

Using NI-488.2 Routines: Multiple Boards

and/or Multiple Devices.................................3-3

Using the OS/2 API Interface.......................................3-4

Checking Status with Global Variables......................................3-4

Status Word—ibsta ......................................................3-4

Error Variable—iberr...................................................3-6

Count Variables—ibcnt and ibcntl...............................3-6

Using ibic to Communicate with Devices..................................3-7

Writing Your NI-488 Application..............................................3-7

Items to Include............................................................3-7

NI-488 Program Shell ..................................................3-8

General Program Steps and Examples.........................3-9

Writing Your NI-488.2 Application...........................................3-13

Items to Include............................................................3-13

NI-488.2 Program Shell...............................................3-14

General Program Steps and Examples.........................3-15

Compiling and Linking Your Program.......................................3-20

32-Bit C Applications...................................................3-20

16-Bit C Applications...................................................3-21

Running Your Application Program...........................................3-21

Chapter 4

Debugging Your Application.......................................................4-1

Running ibtest.............................................................................4-1

Presence Test of Driver................................................4-1

Presence Test of GPIB Board.......................................4-2

Incorrect Interrupt Level ..............................................4-2

GPIB Cables Connected...............................................4-2

Debugging with the Global Status Variables .............................4-3

Debugging with ibic...................................................................4-3

GPIB Error Codes.......................................................................4-3

Configuration Errors...................................................................4-4

Reconfiguring the NI-488.2M Software ......................4-5

Timing Errors .............................................................................4-5

Contents

Communication Errors ...............................................................4-6

Repeat Addressing .......................................................4-6

Termination Method.....................................................4-6

Chapter 5

ibic—Interface Bus Interactive Control Utility....................5-1

Overview.....................................................................................5-1

Starting ibic.................................................................................5-1

Exiting ibic .................................................................................5-2

ibic Syntax..................................................................................5-2

Adding End-of-String Characters...............................................5-9

Status Word Return.....................................................................5-9

Error Codes Return.....................................................................5-10

Count Return...............................................................................5-10

Common NI-488.2 Routines in ibic ...........................................5-11

Send..............................................................................5-11

Receive.........................................................................5-12

Common NI-488 Functions in ibic.............................................5-13

ibfind ............................................................................5-13

ibdev.............................................................................5-13

ibwrt .............................................................................5-16

ibrd ...............................................................................5-17

Auxiliary Functions....................................................................5-18

Set (Select Device or Board)........................................5-19

Help (Display Help Information).................................5-20

! (Repeat Previous Function) .......................................5-21

- (Turn OFF Display) and + (Turn ON Display) .........5-21

n* (Repeat Function n Times)......................................5-22

$ (Execute Indirect File)...............................................5-23

Print (Display the ASCII String)..................................5-24

ibic Examples .............................................................................5-24

NI-488.2 Routines Example.........................................5-24

NI-488 Device Functions Example..............................5-28

NI-488 Board Functions Example ...............................5-31

Chapter 6

GPIB Programming Techniques................................................6-1

Termination of Data Transfers ...................................................6-1

Waiting for GPIB Conditions.....................................................6-2

Device-Level Calls and Bus Management.................................6-2

Serial Polling ..............................................................................6-3

Service Requests from IEEE 488 Devices...................6-3

Service Requests from IEEE 488.2 Devices................6-4

Contents

NI-488.2M SRM for OS/2 viii © National Instruments Corp.

Automatic Serial Polling..............................................6-4

Autopolling and the Stuck SRQ State ...........6-5

Autopolling and Interrupts.............................6-5

SRQ and Serial Polling with NI-488 Device

Functions......................................................................6-6

SRQ and Serial Polling with NI-488.2 Routines .........6-6

Example 1 ......................................................6-7

Example 2 ......................................................6-8

Parallel Polling ...........................................................................6-9

Implementing a Parallel Poll........................................6-9

Parallel Polling with NI-488.2 Routines........6-9

Parallel Polling with NI-488 Functions.........6-10

Chapter 7

ibconf—Interface Bus Configuration Utility.........................7-1

Overview.....................................................................................7-1

Starting ibconf ............................................................................7-1

Levels of ibconf..........................................................................7-2

Input Selection Level ...................................................7-2

Map Level ....................................................................7-4

Device Map of the Boards.............................7-5

Help................................................................7-5

Rename ..........................................................7-5

(Dis)connect...................................................7-6

Edit.................................................................7-6

Exit.................................................................7-6

Description Level.........................................................7-7

Change Characteristics...................................7-8

Next Board/Device.........................................7-8

Help................................................................7-8

Reset Value....................................................7-8

Return to Map................................................7-8

Output Selection Level.................................................7-9

Board and Device Configuration Options ..................................7-9

Primary GPIB Address.................................................7-10

Secondary GPIB Address.............................................7-10

Timeout Setting............................................................7-10

Terminate Read on EOS...............................................7-11

Set EOI with EOS on Write.........................................7-11

Type of Compare on EOS............................................7-11

EOS Byte......................................................................7-11

Send EOI at End of Write ............................................7-12

GPIB-Specific Errors...................................................7-12

Contents

System Controller.........................................................7-12

Assert REN when SC...................................................7-12

Enable Auto Serial Polling...........................................7-13

Enable CIC Protocol.....................................................7-13

Bus Timing...................................................................7-13

Parallel Poll Duration...................................................7-13

Use This GPIB Interface ..............................................7-14

Base I/O Address .........................................................7-14

DMA Channel ..............................................................7-14

Interrupt Jumper Setting...............................................7-15

DMA Transfer Mode ...................................................7-15

Serial Poll Timeout.......................................................7-15

Enable Repeat Addressing ...........................................7-15

Default Configurations in ibconf................................................7-16

Exiting ibconf.............................................................................7-17

Appendix A

Status Word Conditions.................................................................A-1

Appendix B

Error Codes and Solutions............................................................B-1

Appendix C

Customer Communication............................................................C-1

Glossary.................................................................................................G-1

Index.......................................................................................................I-1

Contents

NI-488.2M SRM for OS/2 x © National Instruments Corp.

Figures

Figure 1-1. How the NI-488.2M Software Works with OS/2 ............1-4

Figure 1-2. Linear and Star System Configuration.............................1-8

Figure 1-3. Example of Multiboard System Setup.............................1-9

Figure 2-1. Program Flowchart for Example 1...................................2-3

Figure 2-2. Program Flowchart for Example 2...................................2-5

Figure 2-3. Program Flowchart for Example 3...................................2-7

Figure 2-4. Program Flowchart for Example 4...................................2-9

Figure 2-5. Program Flowchart for Example 5...................................2-12

Figure 2-6. Program Flowchart for Example 6...................................2-15

Figure 2-7. Program Flowchart for Example 7...................................2-17

Figure 2-8. Program Flowchart for Example 8...................................2-20

Figure 2-9. Program Flowchart for Example 9...................................2-22

Figure 3-1. General Program Shell Using NI-488 Device

Functions..........................................................................3-8

Figure 3-2. General Program Shell Using NI-488.2 Routines ...........3-14

Figure 7-1. Input Selection Level of ibconf .......................................7-2

Figure 7-2. Map Level of ibconf ........................................................7-4

Figure 7-3. Description Level of ibconf.............................................7-7

Figure 7-4. Output Selection Level of ibconf.....................................7-9

Tables

Table 1-1. GPIB Handshake Lines....................................................1-6

Table 1-2. GPIB Interface Management Lines .................................1-7

Table 3-1. Status Word (ibsta) Layout..............................................3-5

Table 4-1. GPIB Error Codes............................................................4-4

Table 5-1. Syntax for NI-488 Functions in ibic ................................5-3

Table 5-2. Syntax for NI-488.2 Routines in ibic...............................5-5

Table 5-3. Auxiliary Functions in ibic ..............................................5-18

Table A-1. Status Word (ibsta) Layout..............................................A-1

Table B-1. GPIB Error Codes............................................................B-1

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