Neumann.Berlin KM 54 Manuale utente

neumann.berlin

the microphone company

KM 54 – Miniature Microphone

The KM 53 omnidirectional microphone was the first in Neu-

mann’s family of miniature microphones. A much desired sib-

ling for this family was a microphone with cardioid pickup char-

acteristic. For this it was necessary to develop an entirely new

capsule, as the familiar existing cardioid models were far too

large for a miniature microphone.

The illustration shows the capsule’s painstaking construction.

In the diagram of the complete capsule (above left), one half

of the membrane has been removed to expose the back plate

electrode. The diagrams in the bottom row show (from left

to right) the back plate electrode with the contact spring in-

side (rear view), the delay plate, the distance ring and the

capsule holder with the rear sound inlets. Above right we see

the cover with a fine wire mesh in the middle.

The arrangement of the delay plate between the rear sound

inlets and the back plate electrode forms an acoustic laby-

rinth. Inside the capsule, sound from behind the microphone

is delayed just enough to reach the back side of the mem-

brane at the same instant

that the sound travelling

around the side strikes the

front. Ideally, the resulting

forces cancel at the mem-

brane and do not produce

any output. In this way, a

cardioid directional charac-

teristic is achieved.

The membrane of the

KM 54 was made from

pure nickel formed on top

of a layer of copper foil,

using a galvanization meth-

od developed by Neumann.

The copper is then dis-

solved leaving a layer of

nickel measuring only 0.7 µ

in thickness, which is then

attached to one of the rings

surrounding the back plate

electrode. It would take

1,428 of these membranes

layered one on top of the

other to reach a thickness

of 1 mm. The results of this

meticulous capsule con-

struction were exemplary

frequency and polar char-

acteristics.

After the introduction of

the KM 54 in 1954, it very

quickly acquired an excel-

lent reputation as a voice

microphone for radio and

television. It was used in

many chambers of parlia-

ment and served at the lec-

tern of the United Nations

General Assembly in New

York. It was equally suc-

cessful as a supporting mi-

crophone for musical re-

cordings.

The KM 54 was produced

from 1954 to 1969. Thou-

sands of highly revered 54s

are still in service today.

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