New Focus 100X Manuale utente
Models 100X, 101X & 102X
USER’S MANUAL
FIBER-COUPLED, ULTRAHIGH-SPEED
PHOTODETECTOR MODULES
2
HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
The detector is sensitive to electrostatic discharges and could be
permanently damaged if subjected even to small discharges. Prior
to handling, or making connections, be sure to ground yourself
adequately. A ground strap provides the most effective grounding
and minimizes the likelihood of electrostatic discharge.
Do not over-torque the microwave K-connector. Excessive torque
can damage connectors.
Make sure the optical connector is clean and undamaged before
connecting to the detector module.
QUICK START
The Models 101X and 102X are high-speed InGaAs photodetector
modules for detection of light of wavelengths 950 to 1650 nm. The
Models 100X are GaAs photodetector modules for detection of
light of wavelengths 400 to 900 nm. All are 50-Ωterminated,
except the 1001 and 1004 which have 100-Ωterminations. An
internal battery and bias circuitry make the modules self-contained
so that no additional power supplies or bias circuitry are needed.
To operate the modules, follow these instructions:
1. Take proper precautions to avoid electrostatic damage to
the photodiode. (See the Handling Precautions above.)
2. Remove module from its case.
3. Turn on power using the “Off/On” switch.
100113 Rev. D
Is a registered trademark of
New Focus, Inc.
QUICK START
3
(Perform steps 4, 5 and 6 if using the detector for the first time or
you wish to check the battery and DC offset.)
4. Connect a voltmeter to the “Bias Monitor” SMA connector.
5. Press ”Batt Chk“ button.The voltage should be 3.5 to 5 V (-3.5 to
-5 V) for the 101X and 102X (100X) detectors.
6. Release the ”Batt Chk“ button.Without an optical input, the volt-
age should be less than 10 mV.
7. Connect the photodetector module to your measurement
instrument, being careful not to over-torque the K-connector.
The instrument must have a 50-Ωinput impedance.
8. Check that the optical power emerging from your fiber is
below the Max. Pulse Power or cw Saturation Power as
appropriate (see the Detector Characteristics section of this
manual) to ensure detector linearity and to avoid detector
damage.
9. Connect your optical fiber to the connector on the detector
module.
10.When finished using the module, turn off power to preserve
battery life.
If any of these steps present problems or you would like more
information, please consult the remainder of this manual.
INTRODUCTION
4
Ultrahigh-speed measurements are easy with the series 100X,
101X, and 102X ultrahigh-speed photodetector modules. These
modules convert your optical signals to electronic signals, in effect,
giving every high-speed/high-frequency instrument in your lab
an optical input.The modules are connected directly to the test
instrument or amplifier, eliminating the need for coaxial cables
following the photodetector which can seriously distort picosec-
ond pulses and attenuate microwave signals.The optical signal
is delivered to the Schottky photodiode in the module through a
single-mode optical fiber. Moreover, the photodiode bias circuit
and battery are self-contained, eliminating the hassle of external
power supplies and expensive bias networks and reducing the
possibility of photodiode damage due to overvoltage.
New Focus offers a total of eight models, allowing you to match
your wavelength of interest and the connector style of your instru-
mentation.The Models 101X and 102X are high-speed InGaAs
photodetector modules for detection of light of wavelengths
950 to 1650 nm. Models 101X are optimized for a flat frequency
response, and the Models 102X are optimized for an impulse
response with minimal ringing. Both types are 50-Ωterminated to
reduce reflections in 50-Ωsystems and to make them compatible
with 50-Ωreceiver filters.The Models 100X are ultrahigh-speed
GaAs photodetector modules for detection of light of wavelengths
400 to 900 nm.These detectors offer at once both broadband and
minimal-ringing responses and are terminated in either 50-Ωor
100-Ω. All detectors are available with either FC or ST connectors
with single-mode input. Each models’ characteristics are listed and
their responsivity-vs.-wavelength curves are shown in the Detector
Characteristics section of this manual.
OPERATION
5
Checking the Battery and Offset Voltage:
The battery and offset voltage should be checked regularly to
ensure proper functioning of the detector.
1. Turn on the module using the power switch.
2. Connect the “Bias Monitor” port to a voltmeter.
3. Press and hold the “Batt Chk” button and observe the bias
monitor output.The photodiode bias voltage is momentarily
applied to the “Bias Monitor” SMA connector. A reading of
-4.5 V for Models 100X or 5 V for Models 101X and 102X on this
connector is typical with a new battery; the battery should be
replaced when the voltage reaches -3.5 V for the 100X series
or 3.5 V for the 101X and 102X series.
4. Release the “Batt Chk” button and observe the voltage level on
the voltmeter. Without an optical input, this voltage is the DC
offset plus dark current. This “dark voltage” should be less than
10 mV.
5. If needed, keep the voltmeter connected to the module while
you optimize coupling to the fiber.
Making the Microwave Connection:
Connect the microwave output connector of the photodetector
module to a 50-Ωinput test instrument such as an oscilloscope
or spectrum analyzer, or other 50-Ωload using the proper torque.
To avoid connector damage and signal distortion, be sure that the
instrument you intend to connect to the module has a compatible
connector. See Appendix 2: Using the Correct Microwave Connector
for a list of connector compatibilities.
Aligning the Photodetector to the Optical Input:
To avoid signal distortion, the optical fiber used to deliver the
optical signal to the photodetector module should be single
mode at the operating wavelength and the cable length should
be no longer than necessary.
OPERATION
6
1. If you do not currently have an ST- or FC-terminated optical
fiber, use either a pigtail assembly or a fiber collimator (see
Table 1), and align the fiber so that light exits the output fiber
connector. With a pigtail assembly, use a fiber aligner such as
the Model 9091 and its accessories; with a collimator, use the
Model 9854 Opti-Claw or the Model 9016 tiny fiber positioner.
2. Measure the power in the fiber prior to connection to the
module to be sure it is within the safe operating range (see the
Detector Characteristics section of this manual).The Models
20X1-FC and 20X1-ST photoreceivers are useful for this purpose
and have the sensitivity to aid in fiber alignment.
3. Connect the fiber-optic cable to the fiber-optic input on the
detector module.The Bias Monitor voltage may be used to opti-
mize coupling to the fiber.
OPERATION
7
Table 1 Fiber-optic cable assembly selection table.
Optical Input Fiber Assembly Required
830 nm wavelength Model 1233 collimator-FC (2 meters) for 1004,1006
1.3 µm wavelength Model 1237 collimator-FC (2 meters) for 1014,1024
1.55 µm wavelength Model 1238 collimator-FC (2 meters) for 1014,1024
600 to 900 nm wavelength Model 1223 pigtail-FC assembly (2 meters) for 1004,1006
1.1 to 1.6 µm wavelength Model 1232 pigtail-FC assembly (2 meters) for 1014,1024
1.1 to 1.6 µm wavelength Model 1222 ST-FC (2 meters)
These assemblies are available from New Focus.
Collimators require an Opti-Claw tilt-mount such as the Model 9854.
Pigtail assemblies require a fiber aligner such as the Model 9091.
Other wavelengths and beam types
Patch Cable
< 2 mm diameter collimated beam at:
OPERATION
8
Replacing the battery:
1. Turn off the module and remove the two screws on the back
panel with a Phillips screwdriver. (See Fig. 1.)
2. Remove the back panel and replace the battery.
3. Replace the back panel.
4. Check the battery level as described above.
Fig. 1 Front, side, and rear views of the Models 100X, 101X, and 102X
fiber-coupled photodetector modules.
Power Switch
Battery Check Button.
When depressed, bias
voltage is applied to bias
monitor port
2.00 (50.8)
Remove two screws
to replace 9V battery
2.00
(50.8)
3.27 (82.9)
2.25 (57.1)
Bias monitor port.
Output is equal to photodiode current
times 1000 ohms, for one millivolt
per microamp
Shown with output K-connector
1001 K-connector
1002 V-connector
1004 K-connector
1006 V-connector
1011 K-connector
1014 K-connector
1021 K-connector
1024 K-connector
Shown with ST connector
for optic input
1001 ST connector
1002 ST connector
1004 FC connector
1006 FC connector
1011 ST connector
1014 FC connector
1021 ST connector
1024 FC connector
APPENDICES
9
APPENDIX 1: USING AN OPTICAL FIBER
Single mode optical fiber can provide low loss and low distortion if
attention is paid to a few important details. First, if more than one
mode is allowed to propagate in a step-index fiber, the bandwidth
will be degraded to approximately ƒ3-dB = [cn] / [2L(NA)2], where c is
the speed of light in free space, n is the index of the core, L is the
length of the fiber, and NA is the numerical aperture of the fiber.
Modal distortion can be eliminated by using a fiber with a core
small enough that only a single mode will propagate. In this case,
the bandwidth of the fiber will be limited by material dispersion
which is a property of the glass used in the fiber core. In this limit,
the bandwidth is approximately* ƒ3-dB = 1 / [2LM∆λ], where L is the
fiber length in kilometers, M is the material dispersion in ps/(nm ×
km), and ∆λ is the line width of the optical source in nm.This
bandwidth limitation can be ignored for glass fibers less than 10
meters in length, but can be serious for longer fibers and spectrally
broad sources.
*Palais, C.J., Fiber Optic Communications, Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NY., 1984
APPENDICES
10
APPENDIX 2: USING THE CORRECT MICROWAVE CONNECTOR
The performance you obtain from the Models 100X, 101X and
102X photodetector modules will depend largely on the instru-
ment you use to measure its microwave output and how the
connection is made to this instrument. The male connector of
the photodetector module should be connected directly to the
female connector of the instrument. If an intervening coaxial
cable is used, care must be exercised in selecting a cable that
has sufficiently low loss in the frequency range of interest. Even
if a coaxial cable is not used, performance can be degraded if
an improper adapter is chosen for mating to the instrument.
Common SMA connectors, for example, are intended for use
to only 18 GHz.Table 2 is a list of a few connectors and the
frequency range in which they may be used.
Table 2. Common RF connectors and the corresponding frequency
ranges in which they are useful.
Connector Type Frequency Range Compatibility
BNC DC-2 GHz —
SMA DC-18 GHz Wiltron K, 3.5 mm
Wiltron K DC-40 GHz SMA, 3.5 mm
2.4 mm DC-55 GHz Wiltron V
Wiltron V DC-65 GHz 2.4 mm
3.5 mm DC-34 GHz SMA, Wiltron K
New Focus also offers the following products:
Model 1224 Female-V to Male-K
Model 1225 Male-SMA to Female-BNC
Model 1226 Female-SMA to Male-BNC
Model 1227 40-GHz Flex Cable, Female-K to Male-K
Questo manuale è adatto per i seguenti modelli
2
Indice
Altri manuali New Focus Sensore di sicurezza
