NHRC NHRC-2 Manuale utente

NHRC-2 User Guide

NHRC-2 User Guide Page 1 2/28/2000

NHRC-2 Repeater Controller

User Guide

Rev D PCB only

Contents

1. Installation

1. Electrical Connections

2. Adjusting the Audio Levels

3. Initializing the Controller

2. Programming

1. Controller Modes

2. Programming the Controller

1. Programming the Timers

2. Programming the CW Messages

3. Programming the Flag Bits

4. Recording the Voice Messages

3. Enabling/Disabling the Repeater

3. Operating

1. About the IDs

2. The Tail Message

3. Using the Tail Message as the Courtesy Tone

Index of Tables

• Configuration Flag Bits

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• Electrical Connections

• Message Commands

• Morse Code Character Encoding

• Programming Memory Map

• Timer Address and Resolution

Board Layout

1. Installation

1. Electrical Connections

The controller uses a female DB9 connector (P1) for all signals. It requires

receiver audio and a signal present indication (CAS) from the receiver, supplies

transmit audio and PTT to the transmitter, and requires 13.8 volts DC for power.

Be very careful when wiring DC power to the controller, reverse polarity will

destroy the ICs. The connector pinout is shown in the table below.

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Electrical Connections

Pin Use

1 Ground

2 +13.8 Volts

3 PTT (active low)

4 TX Audio

5 RX Audio

6CAS+

7CAS-

8 Ground/TX Audio Return

9 Ground/RX Audio Return

Receiver audio can typically be taken from the high side of the squelch control.

This audio must be de-emphasized with the controller's optional de-emphasis

circuit, which provides a -6dB/octave slope. Optionally, audio can be taken from

later in the receiver's audio chain, where it is already de-emphasized. Care must

be taken that this source of audio is not subject to adjustment by the radio's

volume control. If the receiver audio has not been properly de-emphasized, either

in the receiver itself or on the controller board, the repeater will have a very

"tinny", unnatural sound to it.

To de-emphasize the receiver audio on the controller board, install a 0.0068uF

capacitor in position C3, change R3 to 51K, and change R4 to 510K. These

values should be considered a good starting point. You may want to experiment

with the values of C3 and R4 to get better sounding audio. We have had

consistently good results with this de-emphasis network.

The receiver must provide a signal present indication (also called COR, RUS,

CAS) to the controller. Because of the varieties of polarity and state that this

signal can take, we have chosen to implement the controller's signal present input

with an opto-isolator (ISO1). The anode and cathode of the LED in the opto-

isolator are exposed through a current limiting resistor (R30). This allows easy

interfacing to active-high, active-low, and combinations of both to indicate the

presence of a received signal to the controller. Clever wiring can allow the user to

create CTCSS and COR, CTCSS or COR, etc. configurations. Note that both the

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CAS+ and CAS- terminals must be connected to something in order for the

controller to detect the signal present indication.

Transmitter audio can be fed directly into the microphone input of the transmitter.

VR2 (marked TX LVL) is the master level control, used to set the audio level into

the transmitter. The transmitter's deviation limiter (sometimes called IDC) should

be set such that the transmitter cannot overdeviate, regardless of input signal

level. One way to adjust transmitter deviation is to set the transmitter deviation

limiter wide open (unlimited), adjust the controller's master output until the

transmitter is slightly overdeviating, then set the transmitter's deviation limiter to

limit just below 5 KHz deviation. Then reduce the controller's master output until

the transmitted audio does not sound compressed or clipped. Transmitter

deviation should be adjusted with a service monitor or deviation meter.

Transmitter keying is provided by a power MOSFET (Q6) configured in an open-

drain circuit. This can be used to key many transmitters directly. The MOSFET

essentially provides a closure to ground for PTT. For other transmitters, the

MOSFET can drive a small relay to key the radio. Although this MOSFET can

handle several amps, we recommend that no more than 250mA of current be

drawn through it, because the trace on the PC board is somewhat narrow.

2. Adjusting the Audio Levels

Preset all potentiometers to midrange. Connect an oscilloscope probe or DVM to

pin 15 of U3 (the M8870 DTMF decoder). (Use the power supply ground for the

'scope's ground or the DVM's return.) Key a radio on the input frequency, send

some touch-tones, and adjust VR1 (marked RX LVL) until DTMF decoding is

reliably indicated by a 5-volt level on U3 pin 15. Disconnect the oscilloscope or

DVM. Adjust VR2 (marked TX LVL) to adjust transmitter deviation, ideally

measured with a deviation meter or service monitor. Adjust VR6 (the beep level)

to set the courtesy tone and CW tone level.

The easiest way to adjust the ISD1420 input and output level is to select the

simplex repeater mode and record messages until the audio sounds right. VR3

(marked RECORD LVL) adjusts the record audio level into the ISD1420. Adjust

this control for the best sounding record audio. VR5 (marked SPEECH LVL) sets

the ISD1420 playback level. Adjust this control for best acceptable transmitter

deviation. VR4 (marked PROC RX LVL) is used to set the receiver audio level,

and may not need to be adjusted from midpoint.

3. Initializing the Controller

To initially program your secret code into the controller, you must apply power to

the controller with the pins on the INIT jumper, (SW1) shorted, putting the

controller into the initialize mode. Remove the jumper a few seconds after power

is applied. All of the values stored in the EEPROM will be reset to defaults, and

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the controller will be ready to accept the 4-digit secret access code. This will

reset the CW ID to the default value "DE NHRC/2" as well. When the controller

is in the initialize mode the courtesy tone is 1/2 second long, instead of the usual

1/5 second. Key up and enter your 4-digit access code. The controller should

respond with the normal (1/5 second) courtesy beep. The secret access code is

stored in non-volatile memory in the PIC16F84 microcontroller. You will use

this code as the prefix for all commands you send to the controller.

2. Programming

1. Controller Modes

The controller can operate in 3 different modes:

• Repeater Controller Mode

The controller operates a full-duplex repeater, with a courtesy tone and

stored voice messages.

• Link Controller Mode

This is a variation of Repeater Controller Mode where the ISD1420 voice

storage chip can be deleted to lower the cost of the controller. This mode

is intended to control remote receivers that are essentially crossband

repeaters. Normally, when using link controller mode, the hang time is set

to 0 seconds, and the controller is programmed to suppress DTMF muting,

so the user's DTMF commands will appear on the input of a "downstream"

controller. The controller adds remote control, a timeout timer and CW ID

capability to remote or link receivers.

• Simplex Repeater Controller Mode

This mode allows simplex (as opposed to duplex) radios to be used as

repeaters. Up to 20 seconds of received audio is stored in the ISD1420

voice storage chip, and is "parroted" back when the user unkeys. The ID

message is played in CW.

2. Programming the Controller

All programming is done by entering 8-digit DTMF sequences. The first 4 digits

are the passcode chosen at initialization. The next 2 digits are an address or a

function code. The last 2 digits are the data for address or function. To enter

programming information, you must key your radio, enter the 8 digits, then

unkey. If the controller understands your sequence, it will respond with "OK" in

CW. If there is an error in your sequence, but the passcode is good, the controller

will respond with "NG". If the controller does not understand your command at

all, it will not respond with anything other than a courtesy beep, and then only if

the courtesy beep is enabled.

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Responses to Commands

Response Meaning

"OK" Command Accepted

"NG" Command address or data is bad

courtesy beep

or nothing Command/password not accepted

If you enter an incorrect sequence, you can unkey before all 8 digits are entered,

and the sequence will be ignored. If you enter an incorrect address or incorrect

data, just re-program the location affected with the correct data.

In order to save space, reduce keystrokes, and eliminate some software

complexity, all programming addresses and data are entered as hexadecimal

numbers. Hexadecimal (or hex, for short) is a base-16 notation that is particularly

convenient for use in digital computer systems because each hex digit represents 4

bits of a value. The controller uses pairs of hex digits to represent 8-bit values for

the address and data of programming information. Any decimal number from 0 to

255mayberepresentedbytwohexdigits. Hexdigitsare0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,

9, A, B, C, D, E, F, where A through F represent values from 10 to 15. To

convert a decimal number from 0 to 255 to hex, divide the decimal number by 16.

The quotient (number of whole 16s) forms the left (high) digit, and the remainder

forms the right (low) digit. Thus, 60 decimal = 3 x 16 + 12 = 3C hex.

The DTMF keys 0-9 and A-D map directly to their corresponding digits.

Use the *key for digit Eand the #key for digit F.

A 16-key DTMF generator is required to program the controller.

1. Programming the Timers

Timer Resolution. The timer values are stored as an 8-bit value, which

allows a range of 0 to 255. Some of the timers require high-resolution

timing of short durations, and others require lower resolution timing of

longer durations. Therefore, timers values are scaled by either 1/10, 1, or

10 seconds, depending on the application.

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Timer Address and Resolution

Timer Address Resolution

Seconds Max. Value

Seconds

Hang Timer 02 1/10 25.5

Timeout Timer 03 1 255

ID Timer 04 10 2550

Enter the 4 digit passcode, the timer address, and the timer value, scaled

appropriately. For example, to program the Hang Timer for 10 seconds,

enter pppp0264,wherepppp is your secret passcode, 02 is the hang timer

address, and 64 is the hexadecimal value for 100, which would be 10.0

seconds.

2. Programming the CW Messages

CW messages are programmed by storing encoded CW characters into

specific addresses in the controller. Use the Morse Code Character

Encoding table and the Programming Memory Map to determine the data

and address for the CW message characters. For example, to program

"DE N1KDO/R" for the CW ID, you would use the following commands:

CW ID Programming Example

DTMF

Command Address Data Description/Purpose

pppp0#09 0F 09 D

pppp1002 10 02 E

pppp1100 11 00 space

pppp1205 12 05 N

pppp133* 13 3E 1

pppp140D 14 0D K

pppp1509 15 09 D

pppp160# 16 0F O

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pppp1729 17 29 /

pppp180A 18 0A R

pppp19## 19 FF End of message marker

The CW ID can store a message of up to 40 characters. Do not exceed 40

characters.

3. Programming the Flag Bits

Controller features can be enabled of disabled with the use of the

Configuration Flag Bits. These bits are encoded into a single byte, which

is programmed into the controller at address 01. Multiple flag bits can be

selected by summing their hex weights. For instance, to set up a link

controller with no ISD1420, no courtesy tone, and suppress the DTMF

muting, you would add 01, 10, and 20 to produce hex 31, which you

would then program into address 01 in the controller as pppp0131.

Configuration Flag Bits

Bit Hex

Weight Feature

001 ISDAbsent

1 02 Simplex repeater mode

204 n/a

308 n/a

4 10 suppress courtesy tone

5 20 suppress DTMF muting

6 40 use tail message for courtesy tone

780 n/a

4. Recording the Voice Messages

Stored voice messages can be played and recorded, and CW messages can

be played by using the message commands. Command 40 is used to play

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stored voice or CW messages, and command 41 is used to record stored

voice messages.

To record stored voice messages, use command pppp410x,wherexis the

number of the message you want to record, found in the message contents

table. Unkey after the command sequence, then key up, speak your

message, and unkey. The controller will remove about 100 ms from the

end of your message to remove any squelch crash that might have been

recorded.

To play stored voice messages, use command pppp401x,wherexis the

number of the stored voice message you want to play. To play CW

messages, use command pppp401x,wherexis the number of the CW

messageyouwanttoplay.

You may wish to have a family member or member of the opposite sex

record your ID messages. The recorded audio sounds natural enough that

people have actually tried to call the amateur whose callsign is recorded in

the controller after the ID message plays!

3. Enabling/Disabling the Repeater

The repeater can be disabled or enabled by remote control by setting the value in

location00. Setthislocationtozerotodisable,ornon-zerotoenable. For

instance, to disable the repeater, send command pppp0000. To enable the

repeater, send command pppp0001.

3. Operating

1. About the IDs

When the repeater is first keyed the controller will play the "initial ID". If the

repeater is keyed again before the ID timer expires, the controller will play the

"normal ID" when the ID timer expires. If the repeater is not keyed again, and the

ID timer expires, the controller will reset and play the "initial ID" the next time

the repeater is keyed. If the repeater is keyed while the controller is playing a

stored voice message ID, the controller will cancel the stored voice message ID

and play the CW ID.

The idea behind this IDing logic is to prevent unnecessary IDing. For instance, if

a repeater user keys the machine and announces "This is N1KDO, monitoring",

the controller will play the initial ID, and no further IDing will occur unless the

repeater is keyed again. If users commence with a QSO, keying the repeater at

least once more, the controller will play the normal ID and reset the ID timer

when the ID timer expires. If the repeater becomes idle for one ID timer period

after the last ID, then the next time it is keyed it will play the initial ID. The

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intent is that the repeater users only hear the initial ID the first time that they key

the repeater.

2. The Tail Message

The controller supports a "Tail Message" that plays the nth time the hang timer

expires. The number of times the hang timer must expire before the tail message

plays (n) is the "tail message counter" at address 5. The tail message counter can

be set from 1 to 255. The tail message is disabled if the tail message counter is

set to 0. Program the tail message counter value into address 05.

3. Using the Tail Message as the Courtesy Tone

The tail message can be used as the courtesy tone if bit 6 is set in the

configuration flags. In this case, you will likely want to set the tail message

counter value to 0 to keep the message from playing twice occasionally. The

message could store the sound of a bell, a dog's bark, or the repeater trustee

saying "what?"!

Tables

Message Commands

Command Description

400x 0 <= x <= 3, play CW message x

401x 0 <= x <= 3, play voice message x

410x 0 <= x <= 3, record voice message x

Message Contents

Message

Number Stored Voice CW

0 Initial ID ID message

1 Normal ID message timeout message ("TO")

2 Time-out Message confirm message ("OK")

3 Tail Message invalid message ("NG")

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