Nikon Scan 4 Manuale utente

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

Nikon Color Management

Keeping Colors True

The Nikon Color Management System, or Nikon CMS, en-

sures that image data from Nikon scanners are reproduced

consistently and accurately on monitors or printers. With this

powerful tool, colors can be manipulated in a calibrated RGB

color model before the data are passed to the host applica-

tion. Proﬁles detailing the color characteristics of the chosen

color model and the output device (monitor or printer) en-

sure that colors will be reproduced accurately in almost any

operating environment.

Nikon CMS involves two categories of preferences, one

(“Gamma”) for use when Nikon CMS is off and the other

(“Color Management”) for use when Nikon CMS is on.

“Gamma” speciﬁes how data from the scanner will be mod-

iﬁed for display on the monitor. Because monitor proﬁles

can not be used when Nikon CMS is off, this adjustment

must be made manually. “Color Management” is used to

turn Nikon CMS on and off and select the proﬁles for use

with the monitor and with the CMYK and calibrated RGB

color models when Nikon CMS is on.

Turning Nikon CMS Off

In general, much better results can be achieved with Nikon CMS on. It

may however be necessary to turn color management off to:

• Speed processing

If the computer has a slow CPU, the processing required for color

management may result in longer scan times. Try turning color man-

agement off for reduced scan times.

• Edit data from the scanner directly

Advanced users may want to turn Nikon CMS off to edit uncalibrated

RGB data from the scanner.

CMYK

Images can not be scanned in CMYK. If CMYK data are required, con-

vert images to CMYK before saving them to disk. Note that images

can only be saved in CMYK if Nikon CMS is on (Nikon CMS is on by

default).

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

How Nikon CMS Works

Color-Space Proﬁles

Separate proﬁles are available for the RGB and CMYK color

models. Nikon Scan comes with a selection of proﬁles for

the RGB color model, while CMYK proﬁles for color printers

are usually provided by the manufacturer. Color-space pro-

ﬁles are used when editing images in the scan window and

when making the ﬁnal scan.

Monitor Proﬁles

Monitor proﬁles are usually provided by the manufacturer,

although proﬁles for some common monitor types may be

included with the computer operating system. Monitor

proﬁles apply when images are displayed on a monitor, for

example when an image is displayed in the preview area or

an image window.

Creating Monitor Proﬁles

If desired, Adobe Photoshop can be used to create a monitor proﬁle for

a speciﬁc environment. This proﬁle can then be used in Nikon Scan.

For information on creating monitor proﬁles, see the documentation

provided with Adobe Photoshop. This option is not available in Adobe

Photoshop LE.

When image data are passed from an input device, such as

a scanner, to an output device, such as a monitor or printer,

color management ensures that the image displayed on the

output device “looks the same” as the original. To accom-

plish this task, the color management system must have

information about the color characteristics of both the input

and output devices, as well as the color space used for edit-

ing. The ﬁles containing this information are called “ICC pro-

ﬁles.” Nikon Scan uses the following three types of proﬁle:

Input Proﬁles

Input proﬁles provide information on the input device, i.e.,

the Nikon scanner. Fixed proﬁles detailing the color char-

acteristics of supported Nikon scanners are provided with

Nikon Scan. An input proﬁle is selected automatically based

on the model of scanner used and the type of media (pos-

itive or negative) being scanned.

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

Scan

Preview

The Scanning Process

The illustration below shows the role Nikon CMS plays in

the scanning process. CMS proﬁles are shown in blue, user

operations in red.

When Nikon CMS is on, uncalibrated RGB image data from

the scanner are converted to grayscale or calibrated RGB,

depending on the color model selected in the scan window.

RGB data are processed according to the proﬁle selected for

the calibrated RGB color space. These data are stored in

memory so that the color model can be changed without

performing another preview. Any changes made using the

color enhancement and Unsharp Mask tools also apply to

these data. When the image is displayed in the preview win-

dow, the monitor proﬁle is used to ensure that the preview

image is as true as possible to the data in memory.

When the Scan button is clicked to perform the ﬁnal scan,

the scan data are processed according to the selected color-

space proﬁle and any changes that were made using the

color enhancement and Unsharp Mask tools in the scan

window. The data are then transferred to the host appli-

cation. Where possible, the color-space proﬁle is transferred

to the host application together with the image data. The

TWAIN interface used in Windows, however, does not allow

proﬁles to be passed to another application, with the result

that under Windows the proﬁle is only transferred to the

host when Nikon Scan is used as a “stand-alone” application

(note that proﬁle information is lost when the image is saved

in a format such as BMP that does not allow the proﬁle to

be recorded). When images are displayed in image windows

in Nikon Scan, the monitor proﬁle ensures that the image on

the screen reﬂects the original as closely as possible.

Before preview

Film type selection

Color model and proﬁle

selection

Preview

Color-space

proﬁle

Image processing

Changes to color

model or color-

space proﬁle

New color-

space proﬁle

Curves

Color Balance

LCH Editor

Unsharp Mask

Scanner

input proﬁle

Monitor

proﬁle

Monitor

proﬁle

Scanner Extras

Digital ICE4Advanced

Scan Image Enhancer

Analog Gain

Processed tab

Natural tab

Host application

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

Scan

PreviewBefore preview

Gamma adjustment

Preview

Image processing

Curves

Color Balance

Preview

gamma

Scanner Extras

Digital ICE4Advanced

Scan Image Enhancer

Analog Gain

Processed tab

Natural tab

Host application

Main

scan

gamma

Preview

gamma

Scanning with Nikon CMS Off

If Use Nikon Color Management System is not selected in

the “Color Management” category, proﬁles can not be used

to ensure that the data from the scanner are reproduced ac-

curately when passed to another application or displayed in

the monitor. Because the color proﬁles required for a cali-

brated RGB color space are not available when Nikon CMS is

off, images can only be scanned as uncalibrated RGB or gray-

scale. Similarly, the absence of a monitor proﬁle means that

gamma adjustment must be used to correct the image for

display on the monitor or for editing in another application.

These adjustments to gamma are made in the “Gamma”

category of the “Preferences” dialog.

The illustration below shows how scanning proceeds when

Nikon CMS is off. The image shown in the preview window

is adjusted for display in the monitor according to the value

chosen for preview gamma in the “Gamma” category. When

the Scan button is clicked, the main scan gamma and any

changes to curves and color balance are passed to the scan-

ner, where they are applied to scan data before the image is

transferred to the host application (if Nikon Scan is used as

a “stand-alone” application, the value for preview gamma

is passed to the scanner instead of main scan gamma). The

LCH Editor and Unsharp Mask tools can not be used when

Nikon CMS is off.

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

Gamma

When the Use Nikon Color Management System option

in the “Color Management” category ( 84) is off, the con-

trols in the “Gamma” category are used to adjust data from

the scanner so that they display correctly when previewed on

the monitor or opened in another application.

Preview gamma

Preview gamma applies to the image displayed in the pre-

view area of the scan window. In general, preview gamma

is solely for display in the preview area and does not apply

to the image data that are passed to the host application

when the Scan button is clicked. There are two exceptions

to this rule, however. The ﬁrst is when Nikon Scan is used as

a “stand-alone” application, the second when Use preview

gamma is selected as the main scan gamma option. In

these cases preview gamma is applied to image data passed

to the host application.

Preview gamma defaults to a value of 1.8 on the Macintosh,

2.2 on Windows computers. To choose a setting suited to

the current monitor, adjust the value so that the patterns of

gray lines and dots above the slider match in density. Gam-

ma can be set by entering a value directly into the text box or

by moving the slider. When making this adjustment, set the

resolution on the monitor to a low value such as 640 ×480

and sit as far away from the monitor as possible. To restore

the default setting for your platform, click Reset.

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

Main scan gamma

Main scan gamma options are only

visible when Nikon Scan is being

used as a TWAIN source or acquire

plug-in for another program (when

Nikon Scan is used as a “stand-

alone” application, preview gamma automatically applies

both to the preview image and to the ﬁnal scan). Image data

passed to the host application are modiﬁed according to the

option chosen here. Three options are available:

Use preview gamma

The gamma value chosen for preview gamma is applied be-

fore the data are passed to the host application. Use this

setting when the host application does not support inde-

pendent gamma settings and you want the ﬁnal image to be

modiﬁed for display on your monitor.

Use application gamma

In some environments, a value for gamma can be chosen

in the host application and passed to the Nikon Scan plug-

in. When Use application gamma is selected, this value is

applied to the main scan data before they are passed to the

host application.

Two conditions must be fulﬁlled if this option is to be effec-

tive. First, the interface between the application and Nikon

Scan must allow the gamma value to be passed to the Nikon

Scan plug-in. The TWAIN interface used under Windows

does not, however, allow the gamma value to be passed to

the TWAIN source (i.e., to Nikon Scan). Consequently, in the

Windows version of Nikon Scan a default value of 2.2 is used

for main scan gamma whenever Use application gamma

is selected. Second, the application must support gamma

transfer. If Use application gamma is selected with a

Macintosh application that does not support this feature,

Macintosh system gamma (1.8) will be used.

Use custom gamma

When this option is selected, a value for main scan gamma

can be entered in the text box.

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

Color Management

The proﬁles used by the Nikon Color Management System

are speciﬁed in the “Color Management” category.

Use Nikon Color Management System

This option turns the Nikon Color Management System on

and off. Changes to this setting only take effect after Nikon

Scan has been quit and restarted.

When Nikon CMS Is On…

…images are processed to ensure consistent color repro-

duction, as described in “How Nikon CMS Works” ( 79).

Because color management proﬁles typically contain their

own settings for gamma, the controls in the Gamma tab are

dimmed and inactive.

When Nikon CMS Is Off…

…monitor and color-space proﬁles are not used, and the

controls in the Color Management tab are dimmed and in-

active. The only tool available for ensuring that colors from

the scanner will be displayed accurately on the monitor is

the “Gamma” category ( 82). The only adjustments made

to the image before it is passed to the host application are

gamma adjustment and changes to curves and color balance

made in the scan window.

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

The “Monitor” Tab

The “Monitor” tab speciﬁes the proﬁle that will be used

when images are displayed on your monitor, either in the

scan window preview area or a Nikon Scan image window.

Monitor proﬁles contain information about the color and

gamma characteristics of the monitor, allowing images to be

adjusted for more accurate color reproduction.

Use factory default monitor proﬁle (default)

Nikon Scan is supplied with default monitor proﬁles for use

when no other proﬁle is available (see below). To use the

default proﬁle for your platform, select Use factory default

monitor proﬁle.

Default Windows Monitor Proﬁle (Gamma 2.2)

The default Windows monitor proﬁle (“NkMonitor_Win.icm”)

is identical to the sRGB proﬁle.

Default Macintosh Monitor Proﬁle (Gamma 1.8)

The default Macintosh monitor proﬁle (“NkMonitor_

Mac.icm”) is identical to the proﬁle used for Apple 17˝ moni-

tors with a D50 white point.

Use custom monitor proﬁle

Use this option to select a proﬁle supplied by the company

that manufactured the monitor. When this option is se-

lected, the Choose Custom Proﬁle… button will be active.

Clicking this button displays a standard “open ﬁle” dialog;

navigate to the disk and folder containing the manufacturer’s

proﬁle. The path to the selected proﬁle will appear in the

text box below the Use custom monitor proﬁle radio but-

ton.

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

The “RGB” Tab

The “RGB” tab is used to select a color-space proﬁle for the

calibrated RGB color model. The proﬁle used can be selected

from the Color space menu.

Each of the proﬁles listed may be classiﬁed according to its

gamma value and gamut. Gamma is a fundamental char-

acteristic of imaging systems which determines the intensity

of the output signal relative to the input; in human terms,

gamma controls the subjective brightness of images through

alterations to the output level for mid-tones. Windows

and Macintosh systems process video signals differently,

and these differences are reﬂected in the difference in the

standard gamma values for these platforms. The default

system gamma for Macintosh computers is 1.8, the de facto

standard for Windows systems, 2.2. Nikon CMS includes

eight RGB proﬁles with a Windows gamma of 2.2 (sRGB,

Bruce RGB, NTSC [1953], Adobe RGB [1988], CIE RGB, Wide

Gamut RGB, compensated Wide Gamut RGB, and Scanner

RGB), and three proﬁles with a gamma value of 1.8 (Apple

RGB, ColorMatch RGB, and compensated Apple RGB), for

use on the Macintosh. When scanning images, choose a

proﬁle with a gamma value suited to the system on which

the image will be edited.

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Preferences—Nikon Color Management

The “CMYK” Tab

The CMYK sheet is used to select a proﬁle for use with the

CMYK color model.

Use factory default CMYK proﬁle (default)

Nikon Scan is supplied with a default CMYK proﬁle (the

SWOP color library) for use when no other proﬁle is avail-

able. This proﬁle is used when Use factory default CMYK

proﬁle is selected.

Use custom proﬁle

Use this option to select a proﬁle supplied by the company

that manufactured your printer. When this option is selected,

the Choose Custom Proﬁle… button will be active. Click-

ing this button displays a standard open-ﬁle dialog; navigate

to the disk and folder containing the manufacturer’s proﬁle.

The path to the selected proﬁle will appear in the text box

below the Use custom CMYK proﬁle radio button.

CMYK

Images can not be scanned in CMYK. If CMYK data are required, con-

vert images to CMYK before saving them to disk. Note that images

can only be saved in CMYK if Nikon CMS is on (Nikon CMS is on by

default).

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