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PRECISION

INSTRUMENTATION

FOR

RESEARCH

i

■

'Sx-tifn:

I

Oak

Ridge

Technical

Enterprises

Corporation

OAK

RIDGE,

TENNESSEE

*

I

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

MODEL

410

LINEAR

AMPLIFIER

l»

is

.m

L

INSTRUCTION

MANUAL

MODEL

410

LINEAR

AMPLIFIER

Serial

No.

Purchaser

_

Date

Issued

OAK

RIDGE

TECHNICAL

ENTERPRISES

CORPORATION

P.O.

BOX

C

OAK

RIDGE,

TENNESSEE

Telephone

(615)

483-8451

TWX

(810)

572-1078

)

Oak

Ridge

Technical

Enterprises

Corporation

1966

Printed

in

U.S.A.

41052366

r

TABLE

OF

CONTENTS

WARRANTY

PHOTOGRAPH

1.

DESCRIPTION

1

.1

General

Description

1

.2

Description

of

Basic

Functions

SPECIFICATIONS

2.1

General

Specifications

2.2

Linear

Amplifier

INSTALLATION

3.1

General

Installation

Considerations

3.2

Connection

to

Preamplifier

3.3

Connection

of

Test

Pulse

Generator

3.4

Connection

to

Pulse

Height

Analyzer

3.5

Connection

to

Power—Nuclear

Standard

Bin,

ORTEC

Model

401/402

4.

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

4.1

Linear

Amplifier

Front

Panel

Controls—Description

and

Familiarization

4.2

Initial

Testing

and

Observation

of

Pulse

Waveforms

4.3

Calibrating

the

Test

Pulser

and

Amplifier

for

Energy

Measurements

4.4

Front

and

Rear

Panel

Connector

Data

4.5

Typical

Operating

Conditions

4.6

Typical

Resolution

vs

Front

Panel

Control

Settings

With

Constant

Energy

Input

4.7

Typical

System

Block

Diagrams

5.

CIRCUIT

DESCRIPTION

5.1

Basic

Function,

Linear

Amplifier—Etched

Board

221-0201

5.2

Bipolar

Amplifier—Etched

Board

410-0401

5.3

Delay

Line

1—Etched

Board

221-0301

5.4

Delay

Line

2—Etched

Board

221-0401

6.

MAINTENANCE

6.1

Testing

Performance

6.2

Calibration

Adjustments

6.3

Suggestions

for

Troubleshooting

6.4

Tabulated

Test

Point

Voltages

on

Etched

Boards

41052366

J

LIST

OF

ILLUSTRATIONS

igure

4-1

.

Measuring

Amplifier

and

Detector

Noise

Resolution

igure

4-2,

Resolution

Spread

versus

External

Input

Capacity

igure

4-3,

Amplifier

and

Detector

Noise

versus

Bias

Voltage

igure

4-4,

Measuring

Resolution

With

a

Pulse

Height

Analyzer

igure

4-5,

High-Resolution

Spectroscopy

System

igure

4-6,

Measuring

Detector

Current-Voltage

Characteristics

igure

4-7,

Detector

Back

Current

versus

Bias

Voltage

igure

4-8,

Neutron

Spectrometer

Using

Sandwich

Detector

igure

4-9,

Gamma

Ray—Charged

Particle

Coincidence

Experiment—Block

Diagram

igure

4-10,

Time-of-Flight

Neutron

Spectrometer—Block

Diagram

igure

4-11

,

Gamma

Ray

Pair

Spectrometer—Block

Diagram

igure

4-12,

Typical

Fast-Slow

Coincidence

System—Block

Diagram

igure

5-1

,

Basic

Feedback

Amplifier

Loop

igure

5-2,

Output

Waveform

of

Bipolar

Amplifier

(RC

pulse

shaping)

igure

6-1

,

Impedance

Transformation

(Minimum-Loss

Pad)

41052366

STANDARD

WARRANTY

FOR

ORTEC

ELECTRONIC

INSTRUMENTS

DAMAGE

IN

TRANSIT

Shipments

should

be

examined

immediately

upon

receipt

for

evidence

of

external

or

con

cealed

damage.

The

carrier

making

delivery

should

be

notified

immediately

of

any

such

damage,

since

the

carrier

is

normally

liable

for

damage

in

shipment.

Packing

materials,

waybills,

and

other

such

documentation

should

be

preserved

in

order

to

establish

claims.

After

such

notification

to

the

carrier,

notify

ORTEC

of

the

circumstances

so

that

we

may

assist

in

damage

claims

and

in

providing

replacement

equipment

when

necessary.

WARRANTY

ORTEC

warrants

its

electronic

products

to

be

free

from

defects

in

workmanship

and

materials,

other

than

vacuum

tubes

and

semiconductors,

for

a

period

of

twelve

months

from

date

of

ship

ment,

provided

that

the

equipment

has

been

used

in

a

proper

manner

and

not

subjected

to

abuse.

Repairs

or

replacement,

at

ORTEC

option,

will

be

made

without

charge

at

the

ORTEC

factory.

Shipping

expense

will

be

to

the

account

of

the

customer

except

in

cases

of

defects

discovered

upon

initial

operation.

Warranties

of

vacuum

tubes

and

semiconductors,

as

made

by

their

manufacturers,

will

be

extended

to

our

customers

only

to

the

extent

of

the

manufacturers'

liability

to

ORTEC.

Specially

selected

vacuum

tubes

or

semiconductors

cannot

be

warranted.

ORTEC

reserves

the

right

to

modify

the

design

of

its

products

without

incurring

responsibility

for

modification

of

previously

manufactured

units.

Since

installation

conditions

are

beyond

our

control,

ORTEC

does

not

assume

any

risks

or

liabilities

associated

with

the

methods

of

installation,

or

installation

results.

QUALITY

CONTROL

Before

being

approved

for

shipment,

each

ORTEC

instrument

must

pass

a

stringent

set

of

quality

control

tests

designed

to

expose

any

flaws

in

materials

or

workmanship.

Permanent

records

of

these

tests

are

maintained

for

use

in

warranty

repair

and

as

a

source

of

statistical

information

for

design

improvements.

REPAIR

SERVICE

ORTEC

instruments

not

in

warranty

may

be

returned

to

the

factory

for

repairs

or

checkout

at

modest

expense

to

the

customer.

Standard

procedure

requires

that

returned

instruments

pass

the

same

quality

control

tests

as

those

used

for

new

production

instruments.

Please

contact

the

factory

for

instructions

before

shipping

equipment.

1-1

MODEL

410

LINEAR

AMPLIFIER

1

.

DESCRIPTION

1

.1

General

DescripHon

The

ORTEC

Model

410

Linear Amplifier

is

a

very

versatile

linear

amplifier

designed

to

optimize

both

energy

and

time

measurement

capa

bilities

from

nuclear

radiation

detectors.

The

instrument

features

high

counting

rote

capabilities,

overload

recovery,

and

the

ultimate

in

resolution

necessary

for

use

with

semiconductor,

gaseous,

and

scintillation

detectors.

The

amplifier

is

packaged

in

the

AEG-recommended

Nuclear

Standard

Module.

The

linear

functions

include

a

Linear

Amplifier

with

a

positive

unipolar

output

signal,

and

a

Bipolar

Amplifier

with

a

bipolar

output.

The

Linear

Amplifier

and

the

Bipolar

Amplifier

both

include

delay

line

and

RC

pulse

shaping.

The

RC

pulse

shaping

features

variable

time

constants

ranging

from

0.1

to

10

microseconds.

The

delay

line

shaped

pulse

is

0.8

micro

second

wide.

The

timing

function

is

performed

when

the

Model

410

is

used

in

conjunc

tion

with

an

ORTEC

Model

407

or

Model

420

Crossover

Pickoff

circuit.

The

resulting

crossover

pickoff

output

features

a

minimum

of

walk

as

a

function

of

pulse

amplitude,

and

also

incorporates

a

variable

delay

time

on

the

output

pulse

to

enable

the

crossover

pickoff

output

to

be

placed

in

time

coincidence

with

other

signals.

The

Model

410

has

complete

provisions,

including

power,

for

operating

an

ORTEC

solid

state

preampl

ifier

such

as

the

Model

108,

109,

or

113.

Al

l

signal

inputs

and

outputs

are

available

on

BNC

connectors

mounted

on

the

front

panel

.

Observation

of

signal

waveforms

with

an

oscil

lo

scope

is

facilitated

with

two

convenient

test

point

jacks

located

on

the

front

panel

.

The

Linear

Amplifier

accepts

either

positive

or

negative

input

signals

from

the

preampl

ifier,

and

features

fast

rise

time,

very

low

equivalent

input

noise,

and

variable

pulse

shaping

time

constants

to

allow

the

energy

and

time

resolution

to

be

optimized

for

a

given

set

of

experi

mental

conditions.

The

input

impedance

of

the Linear

Amplifier

is

125

ohms;

therefore,

it

is

not

necessary

to

terminate

long

125-ohm

(RG-63/U)

cable

runs

at

the

preamplifier,

since

they

are

terminated

at

the

input

to

the

main

amplifier.

The

input

impedance

can

be

shunted

at

the

input

41052366

1-2

BNC

connector

to

obtain

any

impedance

level

less

than

125

ohms,

i.e.,

93

ohms

or

50

ohms.

Output

signal levels

from

the

ORTEC

Models

105,

105XL,

108, 109,

and

1

13

preamplifiers

are

directly

compatible

with

the

Model

410.

The

output

impedance

of

the

unipolar

and

bipolar

output

circuitry

is

ap

proximately

1

ohm,

and

short-circuit

protected;

therefore,

changes

in

gain

cal

ibration

of

multichannel

analyzers

or

other

output

equipment

are

minimized

when

additional

output

equipment

such

as

single

channel

analyzers

and

count

rate

meters

must

be

added

to

the

output

of

the

linear

circuitry

after

initial

gain

calibration.

The

Model

410

is

three

Nuclear

Standard

Module

widths

wide.

The

module

has

no

self-contained

power

supply;

power

is

obtained

from

a

Nuclear

Standard

Bin

and

Power

Supply

such

as

the

ORTEC

Model

401/402.

1

.2

Description

of

Basic

Functions

1

.2.

1

Linear

AmpI

ifier

The

Linear

Ampl

ifier

features

a

very

low

equivalent

input

noise

and

variable

bandwidth

which

greatly

aid

in

optimizing

the

signal-to-noise

ratio

for

a

given

set

of

detector

operating

con

ditions.

The

bandwidth

is

selected

by

front

panel

switches

which

independently

set

the

differentiation

and

integration

time

con

stants.

Two

modes

of

signal

differentiation

are

provided,

delay

line

and

RC.

The

delay

l

ine

differentiator

is

normal

ly

suppl

ied

as

0.8-microsecond

but

may

be

shortened

or

lengthened

if

desired,

The

RC

differentiation

is

variable

from

0.

1

to

10

microseconds

in

a

1-2-5

sequence.

Single

integration

is

provided

from

0.

1

to

10

microseconds

also

in

the

1-2-5

sequence.

If

desired,

the

differentiation

and

integration

networks

can

be

independently

switched

out,

resulting

in

an

ampl

ifier

with

a

flat

frequency

response

from

approximately

670

cps

to

3.5

Mcps.

The

output

from

the

Linear

Amplifier

is

a

positive

unipolar

pulse

of

0

to

10

volts

rated

output

and

12

volts

maximum

output.

1

.2.2

Bipolar

Amplifier

The

Bipolar

Ampl

ifier

l

inearly

converts

the

unipolar

signal

from

the

Linear

Amplifier

to

a

bipolar

pulse.

The

bipolar

pulse

is

selectable

via

front

panel

controls

to

be

either

double

delay

line

or

double

RC

differentiated.

The

second

delay

line

differentiator

is

normal

ly

suppl

ied

to

match

the

delay

line

differentiating

time

of

the

main

amplifier.

The

second

RC

differentiator

is

selectable

41052366

1-3

over

the

same

range

and

in

the

same

steps

as

the

first

RC

dif

ferentiator

in

the

main

amplifier.

This

doubly

differentiated

signal

results

in

equal

area

above

and

below

the

baseline

of

the

bipolar

pulse,

and

therefore

permits

a

much

higher

counting

rate

with

less

baseline

distortion

than

in

the

case

of

a

single

dif

ferentiated

unipolar

pulse.

The

output

of

the

Bipolar

Amplifier

is

0

to

±

10

volts

rated

output

and

12

volts

maximum

output.

41052366

2-1

2.

SPECIFICATIONS

2,

1

General

Specifications

2.1.1

The

Model

410

is

intended

for

use

with

a

Nuclear

Standard

Bin

such

as

the

ORTEC

Model

401/402.

Seven

watts

of

power

are

required

for

the

operation

of

the

Model

410

in

the

quiescent

condition.

The

ORTEC

Model

401/402

can

be

operated

on

either

1

15

or

220

volts

ac,

50—60

ops;

if

it

is

used

with

220

volts

ac,

the

manual

for

the

Model

401/402

must

be

referred

to

in

order

to

ensure

that

correct

connections

have

been

made

before

operation

on

220

volts

ac

is

attempted.

The

instrument

is

supplied

from

the

factory

wired

for

115

volts

ac

operation.

The

power

input

connector

to

the

Model

401/402

is

a

NEMA

standard

3

-wire

grounding

type.

Preompl

ifier

power

of±

1

2V

and

±

24V

is

available

on

the

Model

410

rear

panel

connector,

PG5,

an

Amphenol

17-10090.

Al

l

signal

inputs

and

outputs

are

on

BNC

connectors

which

are

mounted

on

the

front

panel

.

2.1.2

The

instrument

is

intended

for

rack

mounting

in

an

ORTEC

Model

401/402

Nuclear

Standard

Bin,

but

the

Nuclear

Standard

Bin

is

suitably

packaged

for

cabinet

instal

lation

if

desired.

The

weight

of

the

Model

410

is

4.3

pounds

and

its

outside

dimensions

are

ap

proximately

8.75

inches

high

by

4.05

inches

wide

by

9.75

inches

deep.

2.2

Linear

Amplifier

Input

Polarity

Maximum

Input

Signal

Input

Impedance

Either

positive

or

negative

With

the

INPUT

ATTENUATOR

set

on

1,

on

input

up

to

plus

or

minus

2.5

volts

wil

l

not

saturate

the

amplifier.

Larger

inputs

can

be

attenuated

to

the

2.5V

level

with

the

input

attenuator.

Constant

125

ohms;

con

be

shunted

on

INPUT

BNC

connector

with

pure

resistance

to

achieve

93

ohms

or

50

ohms

if

desired.

Total

Gain

RC

shaping

mode

0.35

to

480

Delay

Line

shaping

mode

0.75

to

1300

41052366

2-2

Gain

Adjustment

Actual

gain

control

led

by

three

gain

controls—

A.

INPUT

ATTENUATOR:

Attenuation

factors

1,

2,

5,

10,

20,

50

B.

FINE

GAIN:

1

.0

to

3.0

C.

COARSE

GAIN:

XI,

X3,

X9

Pulse

Shaping

Modes

Two

basic

pulse

shaping

modes

pro

vided

_

A.

Classical

RC

pulse

shaping

B.

Delay

Line

pulse

shaping

The

mode

desired

is

selectable

via

front

panel

switch.

RC

time

constants,

i.e.,

r

=

l/e,

are

selectable

from

0.1,

0.2,

0.5,

1,

2,

5,

and

lOpsec.

The

time

constants

are

accurate

to

±2%

of

indicated

value.

The

delay

l

ine

normal

ly

supplied

provides

a

ful

l

width

at

half

maximum

(fwhm)

output

pulse

of

0.8

p

sec

.

Other

pulse

widths

are

supplied

on

special

request.

The

pulse

shaping

net

works

can

be

switched

to

the

OUT

position,

resulting

in

an

ampl

ifier

with

a

flat

bandpass

from

approxi

mately

760

ops

to

3.5

Mcps.

Amplifier

Rise

Time

Unipolar

Output—80

nsec

Bipolar

Output—100

nsec

Maximum

Amplifier

Bandpass

Within

3

db

from

700

cycles

to

4.3

megacycles

Output

Unipolar—0

to

lOV

positive,

12V

maximum

Bipolar—0

to

lOV

positive

and

negative,

i.e.,

bipolar;

12V

maximum

output

41052366