ORTEC 556 Manuale di servizio

Model 556

High Voltage Power Supply

Operating and Service Manual

WARNING

This equipment generates, uses and can radiate radio frequency energy, and if not

installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual, may cause interference

to radio communications. As temporarily permitted by regulation it has not been tested

for compliance with limits for Class A computing devices pursuant to Subpart J of

Part 15 of FCC Rules, which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such

interference. Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause

interference, in which case the user, at his own expense, will be required to make

whatever measures may be required to correct the interference.

Printed in U.S.A. ORTEC

Part No. 628430 0813

Manual Revision K

Advanced Measurement Technology, Inc.

a/k/a/ ORTEC

, a subsidiary of AMETEK

, Inc.

WARRANTY

ORTEC* warrants that the items will be delivered free from defects in material or workmanship. ORTEC makes

no other warranties, express or implied, and specifically NO WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS

FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

ORTEC’s exclusive liability is limited to repairing or replacing at ORTEC’s option, items found by ORTEC to be

defective in workmanship or materials within one year from the date of delivery. ORTEC’s liability on any claim

of any kind, including negligence, loss, or damages arising out of, connected with, or from the performance or

breach thereof, or from the manufacture, sale, delivery, resale, repair, or use of any item or services covered by

this agreement or purchase order, shall in no case exceed the price allocable to the item or service furnished or

any part thereof that gives rise to the claim. In the event ORTEC fails to manufacture or deliver items called for

in this agreement or purchase order, ORTEC’s exclusive liability and buyer’s exclusive remedy shall be release

of the buyer from the obligation to pay the purchase price. In no event shall ORTEC be liable for special or

consequential damages.

Quality Control

Before being approved for shipment, each ORTEC instrument must pass a stringent set of quality control tests

designed to expose any flaws in materials or workmanship. Permanent records of these tests are maintained for

use in warranty repair and as a source of statistical information for design improvements.

Repair Service

If it becomes necessary to return this instrument for repair, it is essential that Customer Services be contacted

in advance of its return so that a Return Authorization Number can be assigned to the unit. Also, ORTEC must

be informed, either in writing, by telephone [(865) 482-4411] or by facsimile transmission [(865) 483-2133], of the

nature of the fault of the instrument being returned and of the model, serial, and revision ("Rev" on rear panel)

numbers. Failure to do so may cause unnecessary delays in getting the unit repaired. The ORTEC standard

procedure requires that instruments returned for repair pass the same quality control tests that are used for

new-production instruments. Instruments that are returned should be packed so that they will withstand normal

transit handling and must be shipped PREPAID via Air Parcel Post or United Parcel Service to the designated

ORTEC repair center. The address label and the package should include the Return Authorization Number

assigned. Instruments being returned that are damaged in transit due to inadequate packing will be repaired at

the sender's expense, and it will be the sender's responsibility to make claim with the shipper. Instruments not

in warranty should follow the same procedure and ORTEC will provide a quotation.

Damage in Transit

Shipments should be examined immediately upon receipt for evidence of external or concealed damage. The

carrier making delivery should be notified immediately of any such damage, since the carrier is normally liable

for damage in shipment. Packing materials, waybills, and other such documentation should be preserved in order

to establish claims. After such notification to the carrier, please notify ORTEC of the circumstances so that

assistance can be provided in making damage claims and in providing replacement equipment, if necessary.

*ORTEC

is a registered trademark of Advanced Measurement Technology, Inc. All other trademarks used herein are

the property of their respective owners.

iii

CONTENTS

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

SAFETY WARNINGS AND CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv

1. DESCRIPTION ...................................................................... 2

2. SPECIFICATIONS ................................................................... 2

2.1. PERFORMANCE .............................................................. 2

2.2. CONTROLS .................................................................. 2

2.3. INPUTS ...................................................................... 3

2.4. OUTPUTS .................................................................... 3

2.5. INDICATOR .................................................................. 3

2.6. ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.7. ACCESSORIESAVAILABLE ..................................................... 3

2.8. RELATEDEQUIPMENT ......................................................... 3

3. INSTALLATION...................................................................... 4

3.1. GENERAL ................................................................... 4

3.2. CONNECTIONTOPOWER ...................................................... 4

3.3. CONNECTING INTO A SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

3.4. CONNECTING AN EXTERNAL REFERENCE INPUT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

4. CIRCUITDESCRIPTION .............................................................. 5

5. MAINTENANCE AND TROUBLESHOOTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

5.1. GENERAL .................................................................... 6

5.2. TROUBLESHOOTING SUGGESTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

DANGER Opening the cover of this instrument is likely to expose dangerous

voltages. Disconnect the instrument from all voltage sources while it is

being opened.

WARNING Using this instrument in a manner not specified by the manufacturer may

impair the protection provided by the instrument.

CAUTION To prevent moisture inside of the instrument during external cleaning,

use only enough liquid to dampen the cloth or applicator.

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND SYMBOLS

This manual contains up to three levels of safety instructions that must be observed in order to avoid personal

injury and/or damage to equipment or other property. These are:

DANGER Indicates a hazard that could result in death or serious bodily harm if the safety instruction is

not observed.

WARNING Indicates a hazard that could result in bodily harm if the safety instruction is not observed.

CAUTION Indicates a hazard that could result in property damage if the safety instruction is not

observed.

Please read all safety instructions carefully and make sure you understand them fully before attempting to

use this product. In addition, the following symbol may appear on the product:

ATTENTION – Refer to Manual

DANGER – High Voltage

Please read all safety instructions carefully and make sure you understand them fully before attempting to

use this product.

SAFETY WARNINGS AND CLEANING INSTRUCTIONS

Cleaning Instructions

To clean the instrument exterior:

!Unplug the instrument from the ac power supply.

!Remove loose dust on the outside of the instrument with a lint-free cloth.

!Remove remaining dirt with a lint-free cloth dampened in a general-purpose detergent and water solution.

Do not use abrasive cleaners.

!Allow the instrument to dry completely before reconnecting it to the power source.

THIS INSTRUMENT PRODUCES EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS VOLTAGES AT A

POTENTIALLY LETHAL CURRENT LEVEL. NEVER CONNECT OR DISCONNECT

THE HIGH VOLTAGE OUTPUT CONNECTOR WITH THE POWER SWITCH ON.

NEVER CHANGE THE OUTPUT POLARITY SWITCH WITH THE POWER SWITCH ON.

ALWAYS SWITCH POWER OFF AND WAIT AT LEAST 30 SECONDS BEFORE

CONNECTING OR DISCONNECTING CABLES AND BEFORE CHANGING THE

OUTPUT POLARITY.

ORTEC MODEL 556

HIGH VOLTAGE POWER SUPPLY

1. DESCRIPTION

The ORTEC Model 556 High Voltage Power Supply

is a standard double-width NIM module that

provides either polarity of output voltage from 50 V

to 3000 V, 0 to 10 mA. The adjusted output voltage

of the selected polarity is available simultaneously

through two SHV rear-panel connectors. A rear-

panel slide switch permits operation on either 115 V

or 230 V ac input power, furnished through a

removable power line cord and connector.

The Model 556 features a front-panel LCD meter

which can be programmed via a front-panel toggle

switch to display either output voltage or load

current. The output voltage can be programmed by

an external control via a rear-panel BNC connector.

The Model 556 provides the extremely stable, low-

noise, high voltage that is required for proper bias of

photomultiplier tubes, ionization chambers, and

semiconductor detectors.

DANGER

2. SPECIFICATIONS

2.1. PERFORMANCE

OUTPUT POLARITY Positive or negative, selected

by switch on rear panel.

OUTPUT RANGE 50 to 3000 V; minimum usable

voltage 10 V.

OUTPUT LOAD CAPACITY 0to 10 mA.

REGULATION <0.0025% variation in output

voltage for combined line and load variations within

operating range at constant ambient temperature.

TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY <±50 ppm/EC after

30 min warmup; operating range 0 to 50EC.

LONG-TERM DRIFT <0.01%/hour and <0.03% per

24 hr variation in output voltage at constant input

line voltage, load, and ambient temperature after

30 min warmup.

OUTPUT RIPPLE 15 mV peak-to-peak, 20 Hz to

20 MHZ.

OVERLOAD PROTECTION Internal circuitry

protects against overloads including short circuits.

RESETTABILITY Output voltage can be reset to

within 0.1%.

2.2. CONTROLS

POWER Front-panel switch energizes unit when

power cord is connected to appropriate source, and

an adjacent red LED lamp indicates when power is

applied.

OUTPUT LEVEL One 6-position switch, one

5-position switch, and one 10-turn precision

potentiometer; output level is the sum of

the 3 settings.

METER Front-panel switch selects display of output

voltage in kV or load current in mA.

POLARITY Rear-panel switch selects either

positive or negative output polarity.

CONTROL Rear-panel locking switch selects the

reference source for the output voltage.

!lnt Selects the internal reference source; the

front-panel controls select the output amplitude.

!Ext Selects the external reference source;

output voltage is proportional to magnitude of

reference input.

AC VOLTAGE Rear-panel slide switch selects

either 115 V or 230 V ac input voltage.

2.3. INPUTS

AC POWER 103–129 V or 206–258 V, 47–63 Hz,

70 W nominal at full output power; supplied through

international standard IEC power connector on rear

panel. Fuse rating: 1.5 A (FAST) (250V) size 3AG

for 115V or 0.75A(F) (250V) size 5×20 mm for 230V

ac operation.

EXTERNAL CONTROL Full range of output

voltage can be based on an external dc reference

level furnished through a rear-panel BNC connector;

control voltage range is 0 through ±6.9 V dc; control

voltage polarity must be the same polarity as that

selected by the rear-panel Polarity switch; this input

protected against over-voltages >±7 V. Input imped-

ance >45 kΩ.

2.4. OUTPUTS

REGULATED DC OUTPUT The adjusted and

regulated voltage, with selected polarity, is furnished

simultaneously to the two SHV connectors on the

rear panel.

2.5. INDICATOR

METER Front-panel LCD display indicates output

voltage in kV ±10 V or load current in mA ±10 µA.

Load current is sum of external load current and

internal load current. Internal load resistance is

-5 MΩ.

2.6. ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL

POWER REQUIREMENTS 115 or 230 V ac,

47–63 Hz, 70 W nominally.

WEIGHT

!Net 3.6 kg (8 lb)

!Shipping 4.5 kg (10 lb)

DIMENSIONS Standard double-width NIM module,

per DOE/ER-0457T.

2.7. ACCESSORIES AVAILABLE

Two 3.66 m (12 ft) adapter cables are available from

ORTEC for connecting to the Model 556 SHV output

connectors:

1. ORTEC C-34-12 cable assembly: RG-59 A/U

(75 Ω) cable with one C-37 SHV female plug and

one C-26 MHV male plug.

2. ORTEC C-36-12 cable assembly: RG-59 A/U

(75 Ω) cable with two C-37 SHV female plugs.

2.8. RELATED EQUIPMENT

Each of the two outputs of the Model 556 can be

used as a power source for any application that is

within the operating limits of the power supply. Both

output levels are identical and of the same polarity.

The load on the Model 556 output circuit is the sum

of the individual loads connected to the output

connectors, and the load current can be monitored

by the front panel LCD meter.

This power supply is ideal for use with either one

detector or a pair of detectors where the voltage

level requirements are the same for both detectors.

The appropriate types of detectors for which the

Model 556 is designed include photomultiplier tubes,

ionization chambers, and semiconductor detectors.

3. INSTALLATION

3.1. GENERAL

The Model 556 is normally used in conjunction with

other modular electronics and may be installed in a

standard NIM bin such as an ORTEC Model 4001A.

Since the bin may be rack mounted, any high

temperature equipment that may be installed in the

same rack as the bin must be sufficiently cooled by

circulating air to prevent exceeding the +50EC

(120EF) maximum operating temperature of the 556.

The ORTEC M127/N NIM Fan is available for

forced-air cooling of a rack of equipment.

3.2. CONNECTION TO POWER

The Model 556 requires a grounded ac-power

source of nominal 115 V ac or 230 V ac. A rear

panel international-standard IEC connector allows

the connection of many different types of line cords

between the ac outlet and the 556. A rear-panel

slide switch allows the choice of 115 V ac or

230 V ac input voltages. The 556 is shipped with a

choice of two fuse holder caps to accommodate

either 3AG or 5×20 mm size fuses. On 115 V ac

operation a 1.5 A (FAST) (250V) size 3AG fuse

should be used; on 230 V ac operation, a 0.75A(F)

(250V) size 5×20 mm fuse should be used.

This power supply may be operated entirely

removed from the 4001A bin if desired, since it is

totally self-contained and requires no dc-operating

power levels from the NIM bin. However,

precautions should be taken to ensure that

personnel is aware of the shock hazard at the rear

connectors, and that air space should be provided at

the top and bottom of the instrument.

3.3. CONNECTING INTO A SYSTEM

1. Check to see that the power switch is in the Off

position.

2. Check rear panel 115/230 V ac switch and set to

appropriate position.

3. Install a 1.5 A, 250 V fuse for 115 V ac setting or

a 0.75 A, 250 V fuse for 230 V ac setting in the

rear-panel-mounted fuse holder.

4. Check the polarity switch on the rear panel and

set it for either positive or negative output

polarity as required for the application.

5. Connect a high-voltage cable from either output

connector on the 556 to the instrument to be

powered. Use the other output connector if a

second instrument is to be operated at the same

output voltage.

6. Set the front-panel selector switches and

potentiometer for the desired voltage level. This

is normally specified for the instruments to

which the voltage is to be applied. The adjusted

output voltage will be the sum of the settings of

all three controls.

7. Turn on the power with the switch on the front

panel. The indicator lamp next to the switch will

light to show that input power is being applied.

The indicating meter at the top of the front panel

will also indicate the polarity and amplitude of

either the 556 output voltage or load current,

depending on the setting of the meter switch.

3.4. CONNECTING AN EXTERNAL

REFERENCE INPUT

The Model 556 output voltage level can be

controlled by an external reference level that is

furnished through the rear-panel BNC connector

when the Control locking switch is set at Ext. The

range of input voltage is 0 to 6.9 V to provide an

output from 0 to 3000 V. The front- panel voltage

level controls are ineffective for external reference

operation.

For positive output the polarity selector switch on the

rear panel is set at Pos, and the external reference

should be positive. For negative output the polarity

switch is set at Neg and the external reference

should be negative. The external reference voltage

should be stable and filtered since the output is

linearly proportional to this reference. The external

reference should be capable of driving the 45 kΩ

input impedance.

4. CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION

Figure 2 is a simplified block diagram of the Model

556 circuits.

The 556 requires an ac power input, regardless of

the use of an internal or external reference level.

The selected reference level is applied to a precision

regulator and controls the low voltage input level to

an internal 24-kHz oscillator. The oscillator output

voltage is stepped up for the high voltage output

through a converter transformer, and this signal is

rectified and filtered to produce the output to each

output connector.

The front panel meter (M1) is connected to the

output connectors through R65, R85, and R66 when

monitoring output voltage. R66 is used to calibrate

the front-panel display meter. In the load current

display mode, the output ground return current is

sensed by R69. The sensed voltage is inverted by

S7 and fed to meter M1.

Two feedback loops, one for preregulation and one

for output regulation, operate simultaneously. To

maintain the output voltage at a constant voltage,

U1 compares the sampled output voltage against

the reference voltage appearing at its input

terminals. The resulting error signal is amplified by

U2, Q1, and Q5. The output (emitter) of Q5 feeds

the input of the high frequency dc-to-dc converter.

The converter is made up of a free-running oscillator

(Q6-9) driving chopper MOSFETs Q10 and Q11,

which alternately switch on to transfer energy

through high-voltage transformer T2. The converter

output consists of the rectified, filtered, and doubled

high voltage at C17. R53 and C18 further filter the

output voltage.

A preregulator circuit is necessary to limit the power

dissipation by Q5. Therefore its collector and emitter

voltages are compared at U3(5 and 6). The resulting

output represents a request for more Q5 collector

voltage.

U3(1) is synchronized with the power line frequency.

This signal clocks JK flip-flop U4 and when U3(7) is

high, SCR Q12 is fired in synchronization with the

power line through Q2, Q3, and D8. When SCR Q12

fires, current flows through R3 and C1, boosting the

collector voltage at Q5.

Current limiting transistor Q4 monitors the current

through R4 and prevents damage during output

overload by conducting current away from the base

of Q5. Also, if a high voltage output should become

shorted to ground, transistors Q14 and Q15 will

conduct current away from the base of Q5. Current

Fig. 2. Model 556 Block Diagram.

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