Panasonic WX-LA20 Manuale utente

Acoustics in Educational Settings

(Summary)

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

ASHA, March 1995, 37, pp. 15-19

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) maintains the

position that all students should be provided with appropriate acoustical

environments in educational settings. Without the proper acoustical

characteristics in these environments, students will see a decline in their

attention, behavior, speech perception and learning.

ASHA has suggested that schools try to achieve the following to improve

listening conditions:

• Minimize speaker-to-listener distances by ensuring students sit in the direct

sound field of the teacher. Because students cannot always be in close range of

the teacher, artificial methods such as assistive listening devices should be used.

• Place classrooms in low traffic areas and away from external noise sources

such as playgrounds and HVAC equipment.

• Locate classrooms away from large group areas such as gymnasiums,

cafeterias and auditoriums.

• Landscape (trees, shrubs, and earthen banks) to reduce noise from external

sources.

• Equip classrooms with heavy carpeting, thick curtains and acoustical wall and

ceiling panels.

Because many of the suggestions above are impractical in all classrooms, ASHA

strongly supports the use of assistive listening systems in classrooms.

Research indicates improved speech recognition in students, both with normal

hearing and with hearing loss, who use amplification systems. Extensive

research and studies of acoustical conditions in classrooms reveal excessive

noise (any auditory disturbance) and reverberation (reflected sound energy).

Continued….

…cont’d

ASHA provides three (3) guidelines for proper acoustic environments in

educational settings.

1. Unoccupied classroom noise levels should not exceed 30 dB(A) or a Noise

Criteria (NC) 20 dB curve.

• This guideline is recommended to help achieve the appropriate levels in

guideline #2.

• The most detrimental noise is generated inside the classroom (talking,

sliding chairs and desks) due to the similar frequency shared with that of

the teacher’s voice.

2. Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) at the student’s ear should exceed a minimum of

+15 dB.

• Speech recognition tends to deteriorate at a deficiency of +15 dB for

students with hearing loss.

• Depending on grade level, studies have shown that SNR levels range

from +5 to -7 dB. Students with normal hearing require +6 dB SNR for

optimum communication.

3. Reverberation times should not exceed 0.4 seconds.

• Research shows reverberation in unoccupied classrooms ranges from

0.4 to 1.2 seconds. These delays lead to speech degradation by delaying

1direct sound energy.

Classroomaud[email protected]onic.com

877.268.7215

Altri manuali per WX-LA20

13

Questo manuale è adatto per i seguenti modelli

3

Indice

Altri manuali Panasonic Accessori

Panasonic

Panasonic Light Emitting Diodes LNJ253W82RA Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic MA3S1370G Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic GP-A5S Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic Light Emitting Diodes LNG0A8CYBZ Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic HL-C201A-SP3 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic SF4C Series Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic Light Emitting Diodes LNJ414K8YRA Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic EX-10 Series Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic AW-PB306 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic EX-20 Series Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic HL-C201A Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic KX-HNS104 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic MA2YF80 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic MA2J111 (MA111) Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic MA2J7270G Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic LNJ0F1C5FRA4 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic LS-400 Series Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic PM-25 Series Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic CZ-CSRC3 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic UE-608050 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic CF-VNP016 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic MA3J702 Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic EF-S1HS Manuale utente

Panasonic

Panasonic AJ-BS900 Manuale utente

Manuali Accessori popolari di altre marche

Hillco

Hillco 2810 Manuale utente

Siemens

Siemens QSA2700D Manuale dell'operatore

Contours

Contours ZY024 Manuale utente

Saivod

Saivod VS621 Manuale utente

Virtuox

Virtuox VirtuCLEAN 2.0 Manuale utente

SCE

SCE ENVIRO-THERM SCE-TE170B24VSS Manuale utente

Z-Wave

Z-Wave HSD-200Z Manuale utente

turck

turck FMX-IM-2UPLI63FX Manuale utente

Decagon Devices

Decagon Devices 10HS Manuale utente

UPPAbaby

UPPAbaby Cup Holder Manuale utente

Elko

Elko SmartSensor Leakage Wireless Manuale utente

Grizzly

Grizzly H8371 Manuale utente

IFM Electronic

IFM Electronic Efector 250 Series Guida di riferimento

DigiDesign

DigiDesign 888/24 I/O Manuale utente

PROZIS

PROZIS QUAY Manuale utente

patagonia

patagonia PSI Vest Manuale utente

SFC Energy

SFC Energy EFOY GO! Manuale utente

Axminster

Axminster Tooling Stylus Tip Ballpoint Pen Kit Manuale utente