PASCO PS-2006 Guida rapida

Important Note

Update your Xplorer GLX

before connecting the GLX Power Amplifier.

The Power Amplifier requires firmware version 1.44 (or later)

to be installed on your Xplorer GLX. Follow these steps to

update your Xplorer GLX.

1. Go to www.pasco.com/glx.

2. Click GLX Firmware Update.

3. Download the latest version of DataStudio.

4. Install DataStudio on your computer.

5. Run DataStudio.

6. Turn on the GLX and connect it to the computer.

Result: DataStudio installs the latest firmware on the GLX.

Questions?

Contact PASCO Technical Support.

Phone: 916-786-3800 (worldwide)

800-772-8700 (U.S.)

Fax: (916) 786-7565

Web: www.pasco.com

Email: [email protected]

GLX Power Amplifier

PS-2006

Instruction Manual

012-09937A

GLX Power Amplifier Table of Contents

Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

Parts of the Power Amplifier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4

Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Output Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5

About the Output Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

To Turn the Output On or Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

To Change an Output Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

To Change the Step Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6

Graph Screen with Power Amp Config Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

To open the Graph Screen with Power Amp Config Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

To Switch Activity between Config Panel and Graph . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

To Turn Output On or Off . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

To Change a Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

To Return to the Output Screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Output-control Calculations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

Using Power Amplifier Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

About the Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8

To Record Measurements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

To Display a Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

To Change the Sampling Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9

Special Output Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Positive Square Wave . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Single Positive Ramp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Heat Pulse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Automatic On. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10

Automatic Off. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11

Frequency Sweep . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Voltage Controlled by Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Thermostat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Proportional Thermostat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .12

Sample Experiments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

I-V Curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

RLC Circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Ohm’s Law and Resistivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Standing Wave on a String . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Electrical Equivalent of Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Technical Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

GLX Power Amplifier

PS-2006

®3

Introduction

The GLX Power Amplifier adds the capabilities of a programmable power supply and high-power function gen-

erator to your Xplorer GLX. With an output up to ±10 V at 1 A, the Power Amplifier is well suited for driving

circuits, light bulbs, speakers, string vibrators, motors, and more. Because it is connected to a GLX, the Power

Amplifier also functions like a sensor, allowing the GLX to record output voltage, frequency, current and peak

current amplitude.

This manual includes general instructions on using the Power Amplifier (pages 4–9), examples of special output

formulas (10–12), and sample experiments that illustrate a variety of uses (13–22). For general instruction on

using the Xplorer GLX, see the Users’ Guide included with the GLX.

Included Equipment Part Number

GLX Power Amplifier PS-2006

AC Adapter 540-057

Required Equipment Part Number

Xplorer GLX PS-2002

PS-2006 GLX Power Amplifier Parts of the Power Amplifier

Parts of the Power Amplifier

1. Output jacks: Accept 4 mm banana plugs

(shielded or unshielded) to connect a device to the

Power Amplifier.

2. Output-on indicator: Lights to indicate that the

output is switched on.

3. Over-current indicator: Lights to indicate that

the output voltage may be clipped or distorted.

4. Signal leads: Connect to the Xplorer GLX.

They transmit the signal from the GLX to be amplified

and return information about the output current to the

GLX.

5. Power indicator: Lights when the Power

Amplifier is connected to and powered by the AC

adapter.

6. AC adapter port: Connects to the included AC

Adapter

7. Heat sink: Dissipates waste heat. The heat sink

may get hot (up to about 60° C). Ensure that the fins are

vertical and that the flow of air around the Power Ampli-

fier is not impeded.

8. Cord clip: Holds the signal leads for storage.

Set-up

Before using your Power Amplifier for the first time, make sure that

your GLX is running firmware version 1.44 or later. The version num-

ber appears at the bottom of the splash screen that appears briefly when

you turn on the GLX. To download the most up-to-date GLX firmware,

visit www.pasco.com/glx and follow the instructions on that web page.

1. Connect the AC adapter to a wall outlet and to the power input port

of the Power Amplifier

2. Connect the Power Amplifier's signal leads to the GLX. Connect

the larger plug (with the icon) to the GLX's Signal Output

port; connect the smaller plug ( ) to the Voltage Port on the side

of the GLX.

3. Turn on the GLX by pressing or plugging in the GLX's AC

adapter.

4. Go to the Output screen and set Output Device to Power Amplifier:

a. Press to go to the Home Screen.

b. Use the arrow keys to highlight Output and press . The

Output screen opens.

PS-2006 GLX Power Amplifier Output Screen

c. With Output Device highlighted, press . A menu opens.

d. Press to highlight Power Amplifier and press .

Result: The Power Amplifier Calibrating bar appears for a few

seconds, after which the Power Amplifier is ready to use.

5. Connect a device to the red and black Output jacks of the Power

Amplifier using two 4 mm banana plug leads.

Note that the maximum output of the Power Amplifier is ±10 V and

1 A. If your device may be damaged by this output, be careful to

keep the voltage at a safe level.

Output Screen

The Output screen is the primary control panel of the Power Amplifier.

(It can also be controlled from the Graph screen and Calculator.)

In the Output screen, the Power Amplifier output is determined by the

settings described below. All of the settings can be set before the output

is turned on, or changed while the output is on. Be certain that the volt-

age is set to a safe level for your device before turning on the output.

About the Output Settings

Output Device This setting should be set to Power Amplifier.

Waveform This setting determines the shape of the output function

as illustrated.

Voltage This setting appears only when Waveform is set to DC Volt-

age. Its value determines the output voltage. The range is from −10 V to

+10 V.

Amplitude This setting determines magnitude of the output. It equals

half of the peak-to-peak difference between maximum and minimum

voltage. Note that Amplitude is not necessarily equal to the maximum

output voltage.

Offset This setting shifts the output function up or down by the spec-

ified voltage.

Note: If the sum of amplitude and the absolute value of the offset exceeds 10 V,

the output signal will be clipped at ±10V.

Period Units This setting has two options: Frequency and Period. It

determines whether the cycle rate of the function will be set by the Fre-

quency or Period setting below.

Frequency or Period This setting determines the frequency (in Hz)

or the period (in s) of the function. The frequency range is from 0.1 to

5000 Hz. The period range is from 0.10 s to 3600 s (1 hour).

Repeat Mode This setting has two options: Continuous and One

Shot. In Continuous mode, the function repeats indefinitely. In One Shot

mode, the output turns off after the function has completed one cycle.

F3F2

Voltage

Sine

Square

Ramp

Trianlge

Offset

Amplitude

Wave Polarity

Positive Negative

PS-2006 GLX Power Amplifier Output Screen

Wave Polarity This setting has two options: Positive and Negative,

which affect the output functions as illustrated.

To Turn the Output On or Off

•Press .

To Change an Output Setting

Use the arrow keys to highlight a setting in the Output screen. Use one

of the following methods to change the value of the setting.

Method 1 (for Output Device, or Waveform):

1. Press . A menu opens.

2. Use the arrow keys to highlight a menu option and press

Method 2 (for Amplitude, Voltage, Offset, Frequency, or

Period):

• Press or to increase or decrease the value.

Method 3 (for Frequency or Period):

• Press or to increase or decrease the value.

Note: The increment or factor by which the value changes is determined by the

Step Size setting (see below).

Method 4 (for Amplitude, Voltage, Offset, Frequency, or

Period):

1. Press .

2. Type the desired value and press .

Method 5 (for Period Units, Repeat Mode, or Wave Polarity):

• Press . The setting switches to the other option.

To Change the Step Size

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight Volt age , Amplitude, Offset, Fre-

quency or Period.

2. Press . A menu opens.

3. Use the arrow keys to:

• Highlight a standard step size and press .

a. Highlight Custom Step and press .

b. Type a step value and press .

PS-2006 GLX Power Amplifier Graph Screen with Power Amp Config Panel

Graph Screen with Power Amp Config Panel

If you want to look at live data while adjusting the output, you can do so

in the Graph Screen with Power Amp Config Panel.

The Power Amp Config Panel is like an abbreviated version of the Out-

put screen. It allows you to turn the output on or off and to change some

output settings.

To open the Graph Screen with Power Amp Config

Panel

• If the Output screen is open, press .

• If the Output screen is not open:

a. Press + . The Graph screen opens.

b. Press . The Tools menu opens.

c. Use the arrow keys to highlight Power Amp Config and press

To Switch Activity between Config Panel and Graph

When the Config Panel is active, one of its four fields is highlighted;

pressing or the arrow keys will affect the Config Panel rather than

the Graph. When the Config Panel is not active, those keys can be used

for their normal graph functions (accessing graph fields, moving tools,

etc.).

• Press to switch activity to the Graph.

• Press again to switch activity back to the Config Panel.

To Turn Output On or Off

1. Use the arrow keys to highlight Output.

2. Press

To Change a Setting

Use the arrow keys to highlight a setting in the Config Panel and use one

of the following methods.

Method 1:

• Press or to increase or decrease the value.

Method 2:

1. Press .

2. Type the desired value and press .

Esc

PS-2006 GLX Power Amplifier Output-control Calculations

To Return to the Output Screen

1. Press and hold .

2. Press (once or several times) until the Output Screen Appears.

3. Release .

Output-control Calculations

The GLX's Calculator screen provides three special functions for con-

trolling the signal output. In the Calculator's third Functions menu

(press three times), the functions are abbreviated to outswitch,

outfreq, and outvolume. Parameters of the output that are not affected by

a calculation are set by the values in the Output screen.

For more information on using these functions and the GLX calculator, see the

GLX Users' Guide.

outputswitch(1,

state

)Use the outputswitch function to turn on or

off the Power Amplifier output. The first argument should equal 1. The

second argument, state, can equal any number and determines whether

the output is OFF or ON.

• If state = 0, then the output is OFF.

• If state ≠ 0, then the output is ON.

outputfreq(1,

frequency

) Use the outputfreq function to set the

frequency of the Power Amplifier output. The first argument should

equal 1. The second argument, frequency, sets the frequency, in Hz, of

the output signal. The frequency can be set between 0.1 Hz and 5000

Hz.

outputvolume(

voltage

) Use this function to set the amplitude of a

periodic function, or the DC voltage. The argument of the function can

be set between −10 V and 10 V.

Using Power Amplifier Measurements

In addition to functioning as an output device, the Power Amplifier also

acts like a sensor, sending information about its voltage and current out-

put back to the GLX. The GLX can record these measurements along

with measurements for other sensors. You can select the measurements

for display (in a Graph, Table, Digits, or Meters screens), use them in

calculations (in the Calculator screen), and change their sampling rates

and other settings (in the Sensors screen). In most ways, Power Ampli-

fier measurements are the same as other sensor measurements.

Note: The measurements may not be valid when the over-current indicator

on the Power Amplifier is lit.

About the Measurements

Voltage: The instantaneous output of the Power Amplifier.

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