Pioneer PL-71 Manuale utente

Altri manuali per PL-71

2

Altri manuali Pioneer Giradischi

Pioneer

Pioneer LC-V4300C Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer BDP-170 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-L1000 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-518 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer pl-x50 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-55X Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-6 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-520 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-50 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-450 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-225 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-61 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-51 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-200Z Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer CDJ-2000NXS Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-530 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-990 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer CDJ-2000nexus Manuale di istruzioni

Pioneer

Pioneer AVH-P6500DVD Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-117D Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-530 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-51 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-A45 Manuale utente

Pioneer

Pioneer PL-990 Manuale utente

Manuali Giradischi popolari di altre marche

Gemini

Gemini CDT-05 MKII Manuale utente

Rotel

Rotel RP-820 Manuale utente

Shuman

Shuman MC-250BT Manuale utente

Stanton

Stanton STR8-150 Manuale utente

Audio Technica

Audio Technica AT-LPW40WN Manuale utente

Crosley

Crosley McQueen CR7011-GY Manuale utente

Reloop

Reloop SMP-1 Manuale utente

auna

auna TT-Classic Plus Manuale utente

COMO AUDIO

COMO AUDIO Turntable Analog Manuale utente

Dual

Dual 1009 F Manuale utente

REED

REED Muse3C Manuale utente

AXIOMTEK

AXIOMTEK OPS883-H Series Manuale utente

Vestax

Vestax PDX-a1 Manuale utente

Denon

Denon DP-400 Manuale utente

Dual

Dual 504 Manuale utente

Audio-Techica

Audio-Techica AT-LP60XBT Manuale utente

Goldring

Goldring G99 Manuale utente

Acoustic Signature

Acoustic Signature Typhoon NEO Manuale utente

DIRECT

DRIVE

STEREO

TURNTABLE

PL-71

OPERATING

INSTRUCTIONS

ey

{|

ay

as

este

Tend

Rae

SRE

SRE

ae

eee

eee

Ree

eee

eels

ed

oleae

fe

Wed

oe

hod

eo

fete

ee

I

ee

ee

Wel

es

eT

Tet

ee ee

ee ee

ET

EA

peed

Wetec)

Wet

Mee

sd!

@MpwoneeR|

|

||

|

|

|

Reza

eee

eee

REE

ee

—

nas

ae

ex

Es

ae

=|

Thank

you

very

much

for

your

purchase

of

Pioneer

model

PL-71.

You

will

get

many

years

of

pleasure

from

this

top-quality

stereo

turntable.

To

get

the

most

from

this

feature-packed

turntable,

please

read

the

operating

instructions

and

follow

the

directions

indicated.

For

the

psychological

benefit

of

those

who

still

want

to

use

their

optional

phono

cartridges,

no

phono

cartridge

is

equipped

with

this

turntable.

The

first

thing

you

have

to

do

is

to

attach

your

option

to

a

head

shell

referring

to

the

directions

indicated

in

the

instructions.

FEATURES

DIRECT

DRIVE

SYSTEM

No

belt

or

idlers.

The

DC

servo

motor

drives

the

platter

directly,

resulting

in

lowest

possible

vibrations

transmitted

to

the

tonearm.

The

result

is

a

new

height

of

turntable

performance

plenty

for

the

most

demanding

audio

en-

thusiast.

ELECTRONIC

SERVO

CONTROL

Turntable

revolution

speed

is

affected

by

many

factors,

including

ambient

room

temperature,

etc.,

which

cannot

be

predicted

or

corrected

by

motor

performance

alone.

This

electronic

circuit

comes

into

play

at

the

touch

of

a

button,

letting

you

adjust

the

speed

+2%

during

either

33-1/3

or

45

rpm

play.

PRECISION

TRACKING,

SENSITIVE

ANTI-SKATING

SYSTEM

Playing

4-channel

records

requires

extra

tonearm

precision,

and

the

PL-71

delivers.

Not

only

with

an

exactly-balanced

tonearm

design,

but

also

with

an

ideal

anti-skating

system.

The

result

is

stable

tracking

over

every

part

of

the

record

for

brilliant

response

from

the

first

note

to

the

last.

CONVENIENT

AUXILIARY

FEATURES

The

tonearm

is

raised

and

lowered

by

ARM

ELEVATOR,

saving

both

stylus

and

record

wear.

The

stylus

overhang

can

be

adjusted

precisely

with

the

overhang

gauge.

The

semitransparent

dust

cover

is

held

by

spring-loaded

hinges

and

can

be

arrested

in

any

desired

position.

If

de-

sired,

it

can

be

removed

altogether.

EYE-APPEAL

DESIGN

The

cabinet

is

set

off

the

natural

beauty

of

selected

walnut,

with

a

smart

black

base

plate.

All

controls

are

grouped

on

the

right

for

easy

one-hand

operation.

CONTENTS

Features

Installation

Stereo

System

Setup

Assembly

Adjustments

Parts

Identification

Operation

Stereo

Amplifier

Connection

Precautions

Line

Voltage

Troubleshooting

Specifications

INSTALLATION

Install

the

PL-71

with

the

following

points

in

mind.

The

place

must

be

well-ventilated

and

free

from

humidity

and

dust.

The

unit

should

not

be

exposed

to

direct

sun-

light.

The

unit

should

be

placed

on

horizontal

situa-

tion.

The

unit

should

be

placed

as

far

from

the

speaker

systems

as

possible.

2

STEREO

SYSTEM

SETUP

The

PL-71

is

a

first-quality

stereo

turntable

and

can

provide

its

full

performance

only

when

com-

bined

with

other

components

of

equal

quality,

so

you

should

select

other

quality

components

com-

parable

to

this

turntable.

Set

up

the

system

as

shown

in

Figs.

1

or

2.

A

WORD

ABOUT

COMPONENTS

Be

sure

to

select

the

rest

of

your

system

with

an

eye

to

achieving

sufficient

performance

and

re-

sponse

so

that

you

can

make

the

most

of

your

PL-71.

A

wise

choice

would

be

the

Pioneer

components

designed

and

manufactured

to

provide

these

very

characteristics.

The

Amplifier

There

are

many

types

available:

Integrated

stereo

amplifiers,

AM/FM

stereo

receiver,

stereo

pream-

plifiers

and

stereo

power

amplifiers.

You

can

take

your

choice

of

systems,

making

sure

the

one

you

choose

will

blend

well

with

the

speakers

you

select.

Look

for

high

performance

and

stability

in

an

amplifier.

The

Speakers

Here

there

are

also

many

possibilities.

You

have

a

choice

or

bass-reflex

type

or

fully-enclosed

type

cabinets,

full-range,

2-way,

3-way

and

other

types

of

speaker

component

combinations,

and

book-

shelf,

floor

type

or

omnidirectional,

etc.

styling.

With

all

these

choices,

your

main

guide

should

be

how

well

speakers

sound

with

the

rest

of

your

system.

The

Phono

Cartridge

There

are

magnetic

(moving

coil,

moving

magnet

and

induced

magnet

types)

cartridge

as

well

as

semi-conductor

types

and

optical

types.

If

you

use

a

moving

coil

(MC)

type

cartridge

with

the

PL-71,

make

sure

your

amplifier

has

the

capa-

bility

of

accepting

this

type

of

input

signal.

PIONCER

PL-71

STEREO

AMPLIFIER

SPEAKER

SYSTEMS

Fig.

1

PL-71

©O00O?O]|

STEREO

9

2999

0909

PREAMPLIFIER

STEREO

POWER

AMPLIFIER

SPEAKER

SYSTEMS

Fig.

2

ASSEMBLY

To

avoid

possible

damage

during

transport,

heavy

parts

(such

as

the

platter)

and

delicate

ones

are

packed

separately

from

the

main

body.

Assemble

them

into

one

unit

as

shown

in

the

illustrations.

REMOVE

THE

TONEARM

PACKING

Gently

remove

the

tonearm

packing

as

shown

in

Fig.

3.

PLATTER

INSTALLATION

Remove

the

platter

from

its

separate

package

and

slip

it

onto

the

center

shaft.

Then

place

the

rubber

mat

on

the

turntable

platter.

CARTRIDGE

MOUNTING

The

color-coded

pin

connectors

in

the

head

shell

conform

to

the

international

EIA

standard.

Attach

the

cartridge

according

to

the

drawing

(Fig.

4).

After

connection

of

»in

connectors,

plug

the

head

shell

into

the

tonearm

and

tighten

firmly

locking

collar

(Fig.

5).

OVERHANG

ADJUSTMENT

After

mounting

the

cartridge,

you

must

adjust

overhang

length.

At

first,

set

the

45

rpm

record

adaptor

provided

with

overhang

gauge

onto

the

center

shaft.

Bring

the

head

shell

to

the

point

of

the

overhang

gauge

and

regulate

stylus

tip

to

14.5

mm

index

line

explained

in

Figs.

6

and

7.

When

overhang

adjustment

is

over,

tighten

the

cartridge-held

screws.

HOW

TO

ADJUST

OVERHANG

OVERHANG

CHECKER

Fig.

7

TONEARM

PACKING

A

TAKE

OUT

Fig.

3

ena

WASHERS

|

*

WHITE

(+)

oL

RED

(+)

R

S

eee”

BLUE

(-)

L

CARTRIDGE

SW

MEAD

SHELL

GREEN

(-)

R

a

Sa

This

illustrates

use

of

Pioneer

cartridge

PC-50.

Fig.

4

LOCKING

COLLAR

Fig.

5

45

rpm

ADAPTOR

(OVERHANG

GAUGE)

Adjust

cartridge

so

that

the

stylus

comes

right

over

this

index

line

of

14.5

mm.

Fig.

6

COUNTERWEIGHT

INSTALLATION

Counterweight

consists

weightsleeve

and

main

weight.

At

first,

the

weightsleeve

slips

into

the

rear

end

of

the

tonearm

(Fig.

8).

Once

it

is

slipped

on

a

bit

the

threads

will

engage.

Screw

on

more

turning

in

a

clockwise

direction

a

few

times.

Next,

the

main

weight

slips

into

the

rear

end

of

the

weightsleeve

and

tighten

weight-fasten

screw

so

the

clearance

cound

be

made

3

mm

between

main

weight

and

weightsleeve

(Fig.

9).

LATERAL

WEIGHT

INSTALLATION

Install

the

lateral

weight

as

follows:

1.

Loosen

the

screw

which

holds

the

lateral

crooked

bar

on

the

tonearm.

2.

Slip the

lateral

weight

stored

in

accessory

box

into

the

lateral

crooked

bar,

then

tighten

the

fitting

screw

of

lateral

weight

(Fig.

10).

3.

Tighten

the

lateral

crooked

bar-held

screw

so

that

the

lateral

crooked

bar

is

kept

vertically

against

the

tonearm

pipe.

NOTE:

The

lower

the

lateral

weight

is

installed,

the

lower

the

center

of

gravity

becomes.

The

higher

the

lateral

weight

is

installed,

the

higher

the

center

of

gravity

becomes.

This

is

called

“variable

center-of-gravity

type

lateral

balance.”*

THE

HEIGHT

OF

THE

ARM

REST

ADJUSTMENT

The

height

of

the

arm

rest

can

be

adjusted

by

untightening

the

fitting

screw

(Fig.

11).

ADJUSTMENT

OF

TONEARM

HEIGHT

The

height

of

the

tonearm

must

be

kept

parallel

with

turntable

platter.

This

height

can

be

regulated

by

untightening

2

clamp

screws

as

shown

in

Fig.

12.

Fig.

12

a

a

a

a

ee

ENE

eR

Rn

eat

fh

(

INIC-

WEIGHTSLEEVE

TONEARM

WEIGHT-FASTEN

SCREW

Fig.

9

LATERAL

CROOKED

BAR-HELD

SCREW

LATERAL

CROOKED

BAR

Fig.

10

ARM

REST

~

\

)

alt

¥;

~-SCREWDRIVER

.

Fig.

11

ADJUSTMENTS

HORIZONTAL

BALANCE

ADJUSTMENT

1.

Set

the

anti-skating

force

control

knob

to

the

“6.

2.

Remove

the

stylus

protection

cover

from

the

cartridge.

.

Free

the

tonearm

from

the

arm

rest.

.

Bring

down

the

arm

elevator.

.

Move

the

weight

sleeve

slowly

back

and

forth

(by

turning

it)

until

the

tonearm

floats

in

hori-

zontal

position.

6.

Keeping

the

weight

sleeve

in

this

position,

turn

only

the

tracking

force

dial

ring

so

that

the

zero

aligns

with

the

black

index

line

on

the

tonearm.

(Fig.

13).

7.

After

the

horizontal

balance

is

complete,

return

the

tonearm

to

the

arm

rest

and

clamp

it.

TRACKING

FORCE

ADJUSTMENT

After

the

horizontal

balance

adjustment

is

com-

plete,

the

tonearm

is

at

zero

tracking

force.

Turn

the

weight

sleeve

(the

tracking

force

dial

ring

and

main

weight

will

turn

with

it)

until

the

gauge

reads

the

correct

force

for

the

cartridge

(Fig.

14).

ANTI-SKATING

ADJUSTMENT

The

anti-skating

force

control

knob

should

be

adjusted

to

the

same

setting

as

that

required

for

the

tracking

force

(Fig.

15).

What

is

“Anti-skating”’?

A

force

is

created

by

the

record

rotation

which

tends

to

pull

the

stylus

(and

tonearm)

toward

the

center

of

record.

The

anti-skating

device

provides

a

precisely

controlled

counter

force

to

cancel

this

tendency.

LATERAL

BALANCE

ADJUSTMENT

Adjust

the

lateral

bar

length

as

shown

in

Fig.

16,

so

that

the

lateral

bar

length

become

from

20

to

24

mm.

om

©

NOTE:

After

this

adjustment

once

made,

no

readjustment

is

needed

even

if

the

supplied

phono

cartridge

is

replaced

with

your

option.

Installation

of

the

Cartridge

It

is

possible

for

this

tonearm

to

install

a

cartridge

of

which

weight

is

4

to

32g

by

positioning

the

main

weight

on

the

weightsleeve.

In

using

almost

all

the

cartridge

on

the

mar-

ket,

this

tonearm

will

be

adjusted

by

above-stated

way.

But

only

when

using

extremely

heavy

or

light

cartridge,

tonearm

adjustment

may

be

impossible.

In

such

a

case,

untighten

the

weight

fasten

screw,

then,

slide

the

main

weight

back

and

forth.

TRACKING

FORCE

DIAL

RING

~

ANTI

SKATING

FORCE

CONTROL

KNOB

Fig.

13

WEIGHTSLEEVE

MAIN

WEIGHT

TRACKING

FORCE

DIAL

RING

INDEX

LINE

The

gauge

is

graduated

between

0.5

and

3.0

grams.

Fig.

14

ANTI

SKATING

FORCE

CONTROL

KNOB

For

example,

if

the

tracking

force

of

the

cartridge

is

2

grams,

set

the

anti-skating

force

control

knob

to

2.

Fig.

15

<~LATERAL

WEIGHT

LATERAL

CROOKED

BAR

“LAT

ERAL

CROOKED

BAR-HELD

SCREW

Fig.

16

Corresponding

relation

of

the

cartridge

weight

and

the

clearance

is

shown

as

below:

Cartridge

weight

Proper

clearance

—

0

a

3

mm

7

25

g

15

mm

32

20

mm

PARTS

IDENTIFICATION

DUST

COVER

STROBOSCOPE

COUNTERWEIGHT

LATERAL

WEIGHT

~

ARM

REST

TONEARM

y

STROBOLIGHT

CARTRIOGE

MOUNTING

SCREWS

DUST

COVER

ATTACHMENT

Slip

the

hinges

on

the

plastic

dust

cover

into

their

|

counterparts

on

the

cabinet.

Be

sure

to

press

the

two

sets

of

hinges

together

firmly

(Fig.

17).

MAIN

WEIGHT

TURNTABLE

PLATTER

WEIGHTSLEEVE

CENTER

SHAFT

pi

Le

PIONEER

45

rpm

ADAPTOR

(

OVERHANG

GAUGE

)

LATERAL

WEIGHT

HEAD

SHELL

CARTRIDGE

MOUNTING

NUTS

WEIGHT

PLATE

PARTS

AND

THEIR

FUNCTIONS

STROBOSCOPE

The

proper

part

of

the

stroboscope

band

to

read

illuminated

by

the

strobolight

depends

upon

the

frequency

of

the

power

sources

and

record

speeds

as

below.

33-1/3

rpm

45

rpm

STROBOLIGHT

ARM

REST

The

tonearm

should

be

on

the

arm

rest

whenever

the

turntable

is

not

in

use.

If

the

unit

is

to

be

moved

or

transported,

first

secure

the

tonearm

to

the

arm

rest

with

the

built-in

clamp.

ARM

REST

OPERATION

The

operation

is

very

simple

about

playing

records

on

the

PL-71

once

you

are

accustomed

to

the

operation.

Simply

follow

these

steps:

1.

Place

a

record

on

the

platter.

2.

Remove

the

stylus

protector

from

the

cartridge

and

free

the

tonearm

from

the

rest

clamp.

3.

Push

the

33-1/3

RPM

BUTTON

or

45

RPM

BUTTON.

This

operation

will

simultaneously

cause

the

turntable

platter

to

rotate.

4.

Watch

the

proper

stroboscope

band

running

illuminated

by

the

strobolight.

Adjust

the

speed

with

the

speed

control

as

explained

above.

5.

When

the

proper

stroboscope

appears

to

stand

still,

move

the

tonearm

so

that

the

stylus

is

directly

in

the

starting

point

of

the

record.

SPEED

CONTROL

KNOBS

With

either

of

the

speed

selectors

pressed,

watch

the

appropriate

stroboscope

band

and

strobolight.

Adjust

the

precise

speed

(so

that

the

band

appears

to

stand

still)

by

turning

the

speed

control

knobs.

Turn

toward

+

(clockwise)

for

faster

speed,

toward

—

(counterclockwise)

for

slower.

When

the

strobo-

scope

appears

to

stand

still,

the

speed

is

correct.

S7GRD

GSDNAGL,

SPEED

CONTROL

KNOB

45

rpm

|

—~

33-1/3

rpm

6.

Move

the

ARM

ELEVATOR

down.

The

tonearm

will

be

gently

lowered

onto

the

record,

then

the

performance

will

begin.

7.

If

you

wish

to

start

playing

in

the

middle,

simply

move

the

ARM

ELEVATOR

upward.

8.

After

the

record

has

been

played,

move

the

ARM

ELEVATOR

up

and

return

the

tonearm

to

the

arm

rest.

9.

When

the

performance

is

over,

the

POWER

OFF

switch

must

be

pushed

immediately.

HOW

TO

USE

THE

ARM

ELEVATOR

The

arm

elevator

is

particularly

convenient

when

you

wish

to

choose

your

favorite

music

or

songs

from

the

several

songs

recorded

on

the

same

side

of

an

LP

record.

es

LO

ES

45

RPM

BUTTON

a

ARM

ELEVATOR

Push

this

button

for

playing

a

45

rpm

speed

re-

cord,

Simultaneously

the

power

will

be

turned

on.

33-1/3

RPM

BUTTON

Push

this

button

for

playing

a

33-1/3

rpm

speed

record.

Simultaneously

the

power

will

be

turned

on.

[ONES

BE

EO)

45

rpm

33-1/3

rpm

———

POWER

“OFF”

SWITCH

Push

this

button

for

turning

off.

POWER

“OFF”

SWITCH

FQMEACTAR

)

#@

PIONEER

amor

Gm

This

is

a

lever

for

controlling

the

up-and-down

movement

of

the

tonearm.

Setting

the

ARM

ELEVATOR

up,

the

arm

head

will

be

floated

from

the

surface

of

the

record.

Setting

the

ARM

ELEVATOR

down,

the

arm

head

will

be

quietly

descended

on

the

surface

of

the

record.

This

is

a

convenient

device

for

cueing

in

any

portion

of

the

record

without

fear

of

scratching

the

record

surface.

STEREO

AMPLIFIER

CONNECTIONS

1.

The

connection

cords

of

the

PL-71

are

marked

L

and

R;

connect

them

to

the

stereo

amplifier

left

and

right

PHONO

MAG

terminals

(Fig.

18).

2.

The

cord

provided

with

spare

lugs

is

the

ground

wire.

Firmly

connect

it

to

the

GND

or

E

ter-

minal

of

the

amplifier.

NOTES:

1.

When

employing

a

low

level

moving

coil

(MC)

type

cartridge,

use

a

step-up

transformer

or

a

stereo

am-

plifier

equipped

with

an

input

terminal

for

a

moving

coil

cartridge.

2.

When

a

non-standard

cartridge

is

to

be

used,

make

am-

plifier

connections

according

to

instructions

which

come

with

the

cartridge.

L

CHANNEL

onge

ol

s5>

.

0

RG

R

CHANNEL

ae

I

ANE

EN

EE

DI

A

A

PRECAUTIONS

NO

VIBRATION

The

tracking

force

of

your

stylus

will

probably

be

extremely

light,

so

it

is

important

to

place

the

unit

in

a

location

protected

from

vibrations.

This

is

another

reason

why

it

should

not

be

too

close

to

the

speakers.

DO

NOT

OPEN

THE

SET

OR

TOUCH

THE

INSIDE

PARTS

Your

PL-71

is

assembled

with

a

number

of

small

and

delicate

components

into

one

precision

mecha-

nism

which

should

not

be

touched.

There

is

no

reason

to

open

the

unit

or

remove

the

turntable

once

assembly

is

complete.

NO

LUBRICATION

There

is

no

use

to

lubricate

this

model

because

of

the

use

of

oilless

bearings

in

the

rotating

parts.

ALWAYS

CLEAN

THE

STYLUS

e

If

the

stylus

is

dirty,

sound

quality

will

deterio-

rate.

Brush

it

off

with

a

soft

brush

from

time

to

time.

e

If

the

record

surface

is

dirty,

clean

it

with

a

record

cleaner

before

playing.

e

It

is

preferable

to

make

it

a

habit

to

clean

a

record

surface

before

each

play.

e

Touching

the

stylus

with

a

finger

is

a

common

cause

of

stylus

damage,

so

be

very

careful

when

handling

the

tonearm

and

when

cleaning

it.

CHOOSE

A

LEVEL

LOCATION

If

the

unit

is

not

level

various

performance

problems

will

occur,

so

play

careful

attention

to

this

point.

LINE

VOLTAGE

Be

careful

of

line

voltage.

Your

PL-71

is

possible

to

operate

on

five

kinds

of

voltage.

The

turntable

is,

of

cource,

factory-adjusted

for

the

local

line

voltage

of

the

country

to

which

it is

being

shipped.

If

you

use

the

unit

in

the

different

country

or

area

from

where

you

bought

it,

please

confirm

if

the

local

line

voltage

is

the

same

as

at

place

you

bought

it.

The

line

voltage

of

the

unit

can

be

adjusted

by

the

LINE

VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

PLUG

that

provided

inside

the

wooden

base.

You

can

regulate

the

line

voltage

for

operation

by

yourself

as

follows:

1.

Unscrew

a

total

of

10

bottom

plate-held

screws

as

shown

in

Fig.

19.

2.

Remove

the

bottom

plate,

and

you

can

find

the

LINE

VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

PLUG.

3.The

cut-off

of

the

selector

plug

shows

the

voltage

which

operate

the

unit.

(Perhaps,

it

ought

to

be

different

from

your

local

line

voltage.)

4.

Pull

out

the

selector

plug,

and

put

it

back

as

indicated

in

cut-off

your

house

voltage

110V,

120V,130V,

220V

or

240V.

(Fig.

20).

10

©:

"il

Il

I

Ma

wl

To

remove

bottom

plate,

unscrew

a

total

of

10

screws.

Fig.

19

LINE

VOLTAGE

SELECTOR

PLUG

Insert

selector

plug

so

that

correct

voltage

figure

is

visible

in

cut-off.

Fig.

20