Rohde & Schwarz SGS100A Manuale utente
R&S®SGS100A
SGMA RF Source
Instrument Security Procedures
Instrument Security Procedures
1175.6332.02 ─ 04
(;ÙÍP2)
Contents
R&S®SGS100A
2Instrument Security Procedures 1175.6332.02 ─ 04
Contents
1 Overview................................................................................................. 2
2 Instrument Models Covered..................................................................2
3 Security Terms and Definitions............................................................ 3
4 Types of Memory and Information Storage in the R&S SGS............. 3
5 Instrument Declassification.................................................................. 6
6 Special Considerations for USB Ports and LAN Services................. 7
1 Overview
In many cases, it is imperative that the R&S SGS SGMA RF Sources are used in a
secured environment. Generally these highly secured environments do not allow any
test equipment to leave the area unless it can be proven that no user information
leaves with the test equipment. Security concerns can arise when devices need to
leave a secured area e.g. to be calibrated or serviced.
This document describes the types of memory and their usage in the R&S SGS. It pro-
vides a statement regarding the volatility of all memory types and specifies the steps
required to declassify an instrument through memory clearing or sanitization proce-
dures. These sanitization procedures are designed for customers who need to meet
the requirements specified by the US Defense Security Service (DSS).
2 Instrument Models Covered
Table 2-1: SGMA RF Source models
Product name Order number
R&S SGS100A 1416.0505.02
The SGMA RF Source base unit must be ordered together with one of the following
frequency options:
●R&S SGS-B106
●R&S SGS-B106V
Security Terms and Definitions
R&S®SGS100A
3Instrument Security Procedures 1175.6332.02 ─ 04
3 Security Terms and Definitions
Clearing
The term "clearing" is defined in Section 8-301a of DoD 5220.22-M, "National Industrial
Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM)". Clearing is the process of eradicating
the data on media so that the data can no longer be retrieved using the standard inter-
faces on the instrument. Therefore, clearing is typically used when the instrument is to
remain in an environment with an acceptable level of protection.
Sanitization
The term "sanitization" is defined in Section 8-301b of DoD 5220.22-M, "National
Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM)". Sanitization is the process
of removing or eradicating stored data so that the data cannot be recovered using any
known technology. Instrument sanitization is typically required when an instrument is
moved from a secure to a non-secure environment, such as when it is returned for ser-
vice of calibration.
The memory sanitization procedures described in this document are designed for cus-
tomers who need to meet the requirements specified by the US Defense Security Ser-
vice (DSS). These requirements are specified in the "Clearing and Sanitization Matrix"
in Section 14.1.16 of the ISFO "Manual for the Certification and Accreditation of Classi-
fied Systems under the NISPOM".
Instrument declassification
The term "instrument declassification" refers to procedures that must be undertaken
before an instrument can be removed from a secure environment, for example when
the instrument is returned for calibration. Declassification procedures include memory
sanitization or memory removal, or both. The declassification procedures described in
this document are designed to meet the requirements specified in DoD 5220.22-M,
"National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (NISPOM)", Chapter 8.
4 Types of Memory and Information Storage
in the R&S SGS
The SGMA RF Source contains various memory components.
The following table provides an overview of the memory components that are part of
your instrument. For a detailed description regarding type, size, usage and location,
refer to the subsequent sections.
Types of Memory and Information Storage in the R&S SGS
R&S®SGS100A
4Instrument Security Procedures 1175.6332.02 ─ 04
Memory type Size Content Volatility User
Data
Sanitization
procedure
SDRAM (CPU
board)
256 Mbyte Temporary information storage
for operating system and
instrument firmware
Volatile Yes Turn off instru-
ment power
EEPROM (RF
module, pro-
cessor mod-
ule)
4 x
4 kbyte up to
1 Mbyte
●Module-specific data:
– Serial number
– Revision
– Options
●Calibration correction data
●Initial CPU configuration
data
Non-volatile No None required
(no user data)
Smart card
(processor
module)
32 kbyte Hardware information:
●Serial number
●Product options
●Operation time
●Power-on count
Non-volatile No None required
(no user data)
Flash (pro-
cessor board)
256 Mbyte ●Operating System
●Instrument firmware
●Boot code
●Maintenance and recovery
system
●User data, instrument and
password settings
Non-volatile Yes "Sanitize inter-
nal memory"
procedure
(see "Flash"
on page 5)
4.1 Volatile Memory
The volatile memory in the instrument does not have battery backup. It loses its con-
tents as soon as power is removed from the instrument. The volatile memory is not a
security concern.
Removing power from this memory meets the memory sanitization requirements speci-
fied in the "Clearing and Sanitization Matrix" in Section 5.2.5.5.5 of the ISFO Process
Manual for the Certification and Accreditation of Classified Systems under the NIS-
POM.
SDRAM
The SDRAM on the CPU board has a size of 256 Mbyte and contains temporary infor-
mation storage for operating system and instrument firmware. The SDRAM loses its
memory as soon as power is removed.
Sanitization procedure: Turn off instrument power
4.2 Non-Volatile Memory
The R&S SGS contains various non-volatile memories. Out of these, only the internal
Flash memory contains user data as well as instrument configuration in its Journaling
Flash File System (JFFS) area. The Flash memory can be sanitized via "Sanitize inter-
nal memory" procedure.
Non-Volatile Memory
Types of Memory and Information Storage in the R&S SGS
R&S®SGS100A
5Instrument Security Procedures 1175.6332.02 ─ 04
All non-volatile memories of the R&S SGS are not a security concern.
EEPROM
The RF module as well as the processor module of the R&S SGS SGMA RF Source
are equipped with in total four serial EEPROM devices with a size of 4 kbyte up to
1 Mbyte. The EEPROMs contain module-specific data, calibration correction data and
initial processor configuration data. The EEPROM does not hold user data nor can the
user access the EEPROM storage.
Sanitization procedure: None required (no user data)
Smart card
The processor module of the R&S SGS SGMA RF Source is equipped with a smart
card with a size of 32 kbyte. It contains information related to the installed hardware,
such as the serial number of the module, product options, operating time and power-on
cycle count. The smart card does not hold user data nor can the user access the stor-
age.
Sanitization procedure: None required (no user data)
Flash
The single-chip Flash memory, located on the processor board, has a size of
256 Mbyte of storage. The Flash contains boot code, maintenance and recovery sys-
tem, the operating system and instrument firmware. Furthermore user data, instrument
and password settings are stored here.
Figure 4-1: Logical sections of the Flash memory
The Flash memory is logically divided into three sections:
●Boot code/OS kernel:
The 8 Mbyte memory section contains the boot code and the operating system ker-
nel. This area is initialized during production and can be updated in case of firm-
ware update. It cannot be accessed by the user and is not modified during instru-
ment operation.
●Recovery area:
The 64 Mbyte memory section contains recovery data which is used to restore the
factory instrument configuration if required. This area is initialized during produc-
tion. It cannot be accessed by the user and is not modified during instrument oper-
ation.
●Journaling Flash File System (JFFS):
The remaining memory section is controlled by a Journaling Flash File System
(JFFS). This area is shared between operating system files, instrument firmware
and user data. Operating system files and instrument firmware are encapsulated in
preconfigured, read-only squash FS file systems. Both cannot be modified during
Non-Volatile Memory
Instrument Declassification
R&S®SGS100A
6Instrument Security Procedures 1175.6332.02 ─ 04
instrument operation nor can they be modified in parts. During firmware update,
they are replaced in total.
In the remaining JFFS area the following information is stored:
– User data and instrument settings (automatically or manually saved instrument
setups)
– Passwords
– LAN and USB port enable/disable states
– Internal adjustment data
The R&S SGS provides a sanitizing procedure that ensures that user data is irretrieva-
bly removed from the instrument.
Sanitization procedure: "Sanitize internal memory" procedure
The sanitizing procedure is part of the instruments maintenance system which can be
accessed by pressing the front panel buttons RF, LAN and ID during power-on.
After activating the sanitizing procedure, the following steps occur:
●The file rootfs.squashfs (read-only, encapsulating operating system files) and
the file optfs (read-only, encapsulating instrument firmware) are temporarily
saved in SDRAM.
●A full sector erase command as per manufacturer data sheet is applied to each
sector of the JFFS area. This explicitly includes sectors which might be declared as
defect.
●Every addressable location of the JFFS area is overwritten by a single character.
●Again, a full sector erase command as per manufacturer data sheet is applied to
each sector of the JFFS area, including defect sectors.
●The JFFS is recreated and operating system files as well as instrument firmware
are restored.
●Passwords are reset to factory values, USB and Ethernet interfaces are enabled.
The "Sanitize internal memory" procedure meets the memory sanitization requirements
specified in the "Clearing and Sanitization Matrix" in Section 14.1.16 of the ISFO "Man-
ual for the Certification and Accreditation of Classified Systems under the NISPOM".
5 Instrument Declassification
Before you can remove the SGMA RF Source from a secured area (for example to per-
form service or calibration), all classified user data needs to be removed. You can
declassify the SGMA RF Source as follows:
1. Turn off the SGMA RF Source. This will sanitize the volatile memory.
2. To sanitize the internal Flash memory, perform the following steps:
a) Make sure, that no USB mass memory device is conntected.
b) Press the front panel buttons RF, LAN and ID and hold them while switching on
the instrument again.
Special Considerations for USB Ports and LAN Services
R&S®SGS100A
7Instrument Security Procedures 1175.6332.02 ─ 04
After a few seconds, the maintenence system is indicated by flashing LEDs.
Sanitizing starts now. Erasing the Flash memory is indicated by a running red LED.
When flashing stops, the result is indicated by the LEDs:
● All LEDs are green: Sanitizing was successful!
● All LEDs are red (with one flashing orange): Sanitizing failed!
In this case, retry sanitizing or contact the Rohde & Schwarz service depart-
ment.
Afterwards the power can be removed or the instrument can be rebooted. During the
first reboot after sanitizing the internal adjustments are performed. Since permanent
adjustment values are located in the instrument’s EEPROMs, the validity of the SGMA
RF Source’s calibration is maintained throughout the sanitization.
Following these steps removes all user data from the SGMA RF Source. The SGMA
RF Source can now leave the secured area.
These declassification procedures meet the needs of customers working in secured
areas.
Validity of instrument calibration after declassification
The calibration makes sure that measurements comply to government standards.
Rohde & Schwarz recommends that you follow the calibration cycle suggested for your
instrument.
The EEPROM is the only memory type used to hold permanent adjustment values
required to maintain the validity of the R&S SGS's calibration. Therefore, performing
the declassification procedure does not affect the validity of the instrument’s calibra-
tion.
6 Special Considerations for USB Ports and
LAN Services
There are special considerations for R&S SGS USB ports and LAN services to avoid
unauthorized data access in a high-security location.
6.1 Special Considerations for USB Ports
USB ports can pose a security risk in high-security locations. Generally, this risk comes
from small USB pen drives, also known as memory sticks or key drives. They can be
easily concealed and can quickly read/write several Gbyte of data.
Special Considerations for USB Ports
Special Considerations for USB Ports and LAN Services
R&S®SGS100A
8Instrument Security Procedures 1175.6332.02 ─ 04
Disabling USB ports
You can disable the USB ports of the R&S SGS in the setup dialog:
1. Select "Setup", "Security", "USB Storage" and then "Disable".
2. Enter the Security Password and confirm with "Accept".
When disabled, no USB storage device is accepted by the instrument. Other non-
memory USB devices (such as keyboards and mice) are not affected.
The enable/disable state of the USB port is stored on the Flash memory.
6.2 Special Considerations for LAN Ports
To protect the instrument against unauthorized data access in your high-security loca-
tion, you can disable the LAN interface.
Disabling LAN ports
You can disable the LAN ports of the R&S SGS in the setup dialog:
1. Select "Setup", "Security", "LAN Services" and disable "LAN Interface".
2. Enter the Security Password and confirm with "Accept".
When disabled, no LAN connection can be established with the instrument.
The enable/disable state of the LAN port is stored on the Flash memory.
For more information concerning the security features, refer to the R&S SGS100A
Operating Manual.
© 2017 Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG
Mühldorfstr. 15, 81671 München, Germany
Phone: +49 89 41 29 - 0
Fax: +49 89 41 29 12 164
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.rohde-schwarz.com
Subject to change – Data without tolerance limits is not binding.
R&S® is a registered trademark of Rohde & Schwarz GmbH & Co. KG.
Trade names are trademarks of their owners.
Throughout this manual, products from Rohde & Schwarz are indicated without the ® symbol , e.g.
R&S®SGS is indicated as R&S SGS.
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