Sony LUMA Disegno dimensionale

Product Information Manual

Sony Professional LCD Monitors

0 Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors

Preface

Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors 1

Preface

From the advent of television broadcasting, CRT

displays have been the default choice for

monitoring video images in all areas of the

production chain - from acquisition, editing, and

playout at the broadcaster end, to the viewing and

enjoyment of content by the end user.

With the introduction of many new flat panel

display technologies, broadcasters and video

production staff are now confronted with a crucial

question - which display technology will replace

CRT and which technology should they invest in

next.

While LCD monitors have gained a considerable

amount of attention in many video production

areas, none have proven the true potential that

LCD technology can really offer.

This manual addresses Sony’s approach to this

issue, and why we offer the LUMATM Series of

professional LCD monitors as our solution.

By reading through this manual, you will

understand how SONY LUMA Series monitors will

benefit a variety of video production

environments, plus other professional areas

where LCD technology can fully be enjoyed. You

will also discover how this technology will co-exist

with the Sony BVM Series of CRT monitors, which

will remain the first choice for the highest-grade

monitoring applications.

We hope this manual serves as a valuable asset

in your LUMA Series sales activities.

2 Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Current Display technologies at a glance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Chapter 2 The basic mechanisms of display devices -

CRT, LCD and Plasma technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

The mechanism of a CRT monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Phosphors emit light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Scanning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Additive Mixing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Aperture Grille . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Beam focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

CRT monitors- in summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

The mechanism of an LCD monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Color reproduced on an LCD monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Line conversion on an LCD monitor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Forming an image on the LCD pixel array. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

About LCD response time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

LCD monitors - in summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

The mechanism of a Plasma Display Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Plasma displays - An array of tiny fluorescent lights . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

The use of Ultraviolet rays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Electric discharge and forming a plasma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Brightness control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Color Reproduction on a plasma display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Plasma displays - in summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Chapter 3 LCD Benefits in General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Flicker Free . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Convergence Free. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Resistant to magnetic fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Free of Geometric Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Free of Image Burn-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Chapter 4 A look into LUMA Servies vs. consumer LCD displays . . . . . . . . . . 20

LUMA Series vs. home LCD TVs - Interface flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

LUMA Series vs. home LCD TVs - faithful reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

LUMA Series vs. PC LCD displays -picture quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

LUMA Series vs. PC LCD displays - viewing angle. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors 3

Table of Contents

Chapter 5 LUMA monitors in professional applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

LUMA Series monitor applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Wide viewing angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

X-Algorithm - the highest quality I/P conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

The uniqueness of X-Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Three choices of I/P conversion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

- X-Algorithm with no motion detect. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

- Line Doubling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

- Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Precise LCD driver bit resolution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Bright panel performance even in bright environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Anti-reflection coating (AR layer). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

The benefits of reduced reflection characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Accurate white balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Accurate color reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Flexible color temperature adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Gamma control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Chapter 6 A deeper look into LCD’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Liquid Crystal - a unique substance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

The Liquid Crystal characteristics used in an LCD device . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

The characteristics of light and LCD polarized panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

-The characteristics of light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

-Polarized panels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

-The mechanism of controlling light. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

4 Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors

Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors 5

Current Display technologies at a glance

The following chart compares key purchase

decision parameters between CRT, Plasma, and

LCD (LUMA Series) monitors. While the LUMA

Series monitors show better results for most

parameters, some are marked inferior to CRT and

PDP. These parameters are continually evolving

in the LUMA Series and, with current models,

have surpassed the levels suitable for use in

typical broadcast and professional picture -

monitoring applications.

At the same time, for top-end monitoring

applications where such parameters may be

extremely sensitive, Sony continues to offer the

BVM Series of CRT monitors.

Table 1-1. CRT, Plasma and LCD Comparison

Note:

Some ratings in the above chart may change depending on the lighting environment of where the monitor is used.

Also, please note that these comparisons are ratings as of 2005/03/01.

CRT LCD PDP

Mechanism to Emit Light Electron Beam stimulation Backlight control using

LCD shutter

Electric discharge of xenon

gas

Luminance Flux Control Beam intensity Opening of pixels Number of times electric

discharge occurs

Light source Phosphor Backlight Phosphor

Display method Line scanning (variable) Fixed pixel array Fixed pixel array

Pixel Pitch

Brightness

Contrast

Black Reproduction

Image Burn-in Tolerance

Response Time

Viewing Angle ~

Horizontal Resolution

Convergence

Geometric Distortion

Characteristics

Resistance to Magnetic

Fields

Flicker Characteristics ~

Color Reproduction

Life Span

Weight

Depth

Power Consumption

Current Display technologies at a glance

6 Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors

The basic mechanisms of display devices

This section provides you with a general overview

of some common display devices available on the

market today. It describes the basic mechanisms

of a CRT monitor, LCD monitor, and a Plasma

display. Each display device has its unique

mechanism and, therefore, its characteristics are

fundamentally different from others.

Recognizing these differences will lead you on to

an understanding of why LCD technology was

chosen for the LUMA Series of professional

monitors.

The mechanism of a CRT monitor

The Cathode Ray Tube, commonly known by the

acronym CRT, is the most historically used display

system and therefore the first best to understand.

A CRT displays pictures by emitting light from its

phosphors, as a result of stimulating these by

electronic beams. Although the black and white

CRT is the easiest to understand, we will now

consider the mechanism of a color CRT, since

most other display technologies available today

are designed to reproduce color images.

Phosphors emit light

As mentioned above, the CRT monitor

reproduces images by stimulating phosphor

materials.

Inside the CRT tube, there is an inner phosphor

panel situated in front of the CRT’s glass faceplate

(Trinitron’s cylindrical screen). The phosphor

panel appears black, however, a white powdery

substance can be seen by observing it closely.

This powdery substance is the phosphor*

material, a chemical coating applied to the metal

phosphor panel. A unique characteristic of

phosphor material is that it emits light with a

specific color when electrically stimulated.

* In reality, a color CRT uses three types of phosphor

material on its phosphor panel to emit red light, green

light, and blue light, respectively.

Electron Beams

(Red, Green, and Blue)

Aperture Grill

Electron Gun

Phosphor Panel

Figure 2-1. The Trinitron CRT

The basic mechanisms of display devices - CRT, LCD, and Plasma technology

Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitorｓ7

The basic mechanisms of display devices

Scanning

An electronic stimulus is applied to the phosphors

by shooting an electron beam at the area that

should light up. The beam, which is driven by

supplying high voltage to the electron gun, is

steered across the phosphor panel from top to

bottom, hitting one point at a time. This is called

'scanning'. The electron beam scans the

phosphor panel at the field or frame rate of the

input video signal.

Additive Mixing

As earlier mentioned, in a color CRT, three beams

are used in combination with three types of

phosphors, which emit either red (R), green (G),

or blue (B) light when stimulated. The scan

pattern of each electron beam is accurately

controlled so the beam hits its corresponding

phosphor - R, G, or B. The phosphors, in turn,

react to the energy provided by these beams and

emit light in proportion to the intensity of the

beams.

Each beam’s intensity is controlled according to

the R, G, and B video signals supplied to the

electron gun. Accordingly, the R, G, and B

phosphors each emit light in proportion to the

input video signal’s R, G, and B components. To

the human eye, these R, G, and B lights appear as

one ray of light, as a mixture of the three colors.

This principle is known as 'additive mixing’ (see

Figure 2-3). In additive mixing, most hues visible

to the human eye can be composed using the

three primary colors: red, green, and blue. It is

important to note that all other color display

systems, regardless of their operating

mechanisms, also use this principle* to produce

color.

Figure 2-2.

Electron gun

Beam

Phosphor

Green

Blue

Yellow Red

White

Cyan Magenta

Figure 2-3. Additive Mixing

Video

roces

Light

CCD tube

CCD t b

CCD tube

Figure 2-4. * Compared to the color CRT,

color cameras use a reverse

process and convert the captured

images into R, G, and B electric signals.

8 Product Information Manual Sony Professional LCD Monitors

The basic mechanisms of display devices

Aperture Grille

In order for the three electron beams to generate

light in accordance with the input R, G, and B

video signals, they must scan their phosphors

very precisely. To achieve precise scanning, two

key technologies are used: the 'Aperture Grille’

and 'Beam Convergence’.

The Aperture Grille is used so that the R, G, and B

electron beams scan only their corresponding

phosphors, i.e., the grille prevents the electron

beams from hitting the incorrect phosphors. This

is extremely important since the beam

representing the green signal component should

only hit the green phosphor, which is the same

case for the red and blue components.

As shown in Figure 2-5, the three electron beams

also need to cross each other when they pass

through the Aperture Grille in order to land on their

associated phosphors. This is called 'beam

convergence’, which is adjusted at the electron

gun’s convergence plates by applying the

appropriate electric field and 'bending’ the

direction of the beam.

Beam focus

One other key technology worth understanding is

beam focus. While electron beams will generally

tend to diffuse in a CRT monitor, the R, G, and B

beam diameters must be kept as small as

possible in order to pass through the narrow slits

of the Aperture Grille. The electron gun has a

focus lens, which functions to electrically tune the

electron beams and make their diameters small

enough to pass through the Grille.

CRT monitors- in summary

CRT displays, used from the advent of television

broadcast, have undergone decades of

refinements to reach the picture performance they

provide today. The pictures reproduced on CRT

monitors/televisions thus represent a fundamental

and absolute reference for judging the picture

quality that newer display technologies should

challenge and that the Sony LUMA Series

monitors closely approach.

Electron Gun

Aperture

Grile Front

Screen

Convergence

Plates

Figure 2-5.

Focus

Lens

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