Sparkfun Electronics Inventor's Kit Manuale utente

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SparkFun Inventor's Kit for micro:bit

Experiment Guide

Introduction to the SparkFun Inventor's Kit for micro:bit

The SparkFun Inventor’s Kit for micro:bit Experiment Guide is your map for navigating the waters of

beginning embedded electronics, robotics and citizen science using the micro:bit. This guide

contains all the information you will need to explore the 12 circuits of the SparkFun Inventors Kit for

micro:bit. At the center of this guide is one core philosophy — that anyone can (and should)

experiment with cutting-edge electronics in a fun and playful way without breaking the bank.

When you’re done with this guide, you’ll have the know-how to start creating your own projects and

experiments. From building robots and game controllers to data logging, the world will be your

oyster. Now enough talking — let’s start tinkering!

SparkFun Inventor's Kit for micro:bit

KIT-14542

SparkFun Inventor's Kit for micro:bit Lab Pack

LAB-14301

Included Materials

The SparkFun Inventor’s Kit (SIK) for micro:bit includes the following:

micro:bit — The brains of the outfit with a bunch of onboard components.

micro:bit Breakout (with Headers) — Allows you to connect the micro:bit to the

breadboard.

Breadboard — Excellent for making circuits and connections off the micro:bit. We included a

full-sized breadboard to give you plenty of room.

Small Servo — Here is a simple, low-cost, high-quality servo for all your mechatronic needs.

Piezo Buzzer — BUZZZZ! Used to make different frequencies of sound.

USB micro-B Cable — This 6-foot cable provides you with a USB-A connector at the host

end and standard B connector at the device end.

Male-to-Male Jumper Wires — These are high-quality wires that allow you to make

connections with components on the breadboard.

TMP36 Temperature Sensor - A sensor for detecting temperature changes.

Photocell — A sensor to detect ambient light. Perfect for detecting when a drawer is opened

or when nighttime approaches.

Tri-Color LED — Because everyone loves a blinky.

Red, Blue, Yellow, and Green LEDs — Light-Emitting Diodes make great general

indicators.

Momentary Pushbutton Switch — Go crazy with buttons.

10kΩTrimpot — Also known as a variable resistor, this is a device commonly used to

control volume and contrast, and makes a great general user control input.

100ΩResistors — Great current-limiting resistors for LEDs, and strong pull-up resistors.

10kΩResistors — These make excellent pull-ups, pull-downs and current limiters.

2x AA Battery Pack — A AA battery pack with the JST connector that fits the micro:bit

Alligator Clip with Pigtail — A great way to connect individual components on a

breadboard to the micro:bit ring connectors.

Throughout the tutorial, we will provide links to the parts used for each circuit. Below is the wishlist

for the parts used in the kit. You may not need everything though depending on what you have. Add

it to your cart, read through the guide, and adjust the cart as necessary.

SPARKFUN INVENTOR'S KIT FOR MICRO:BIT WISHLIST

Suggested Reading

Before continuing with this guide, we recommend you be somewhat familiar with the concepts in the

following tutorials:



What is a Circuit?

Every electrical project starts with a circuit. Don't know what a circuit is? We're here to help.



Voltage, Current, Resistance, and Ohm's Law

Learn about Ohm's Law, one of the most fundamental equations in all electrical engineering.



How to Use a Breadboard

Welcome to the wonderful world of breadboards. Here we will learn what a breadboard is and how to

use one to build your very first circuit.

Open Source!

All of our experiments and guides are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike

4.0 Unported License. Feel free to remix and reuse our work. But please, share the love and give us

attribution for our hard work!

To view a copy of this license visit this link, or write: Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite

300, San Francisco, CA 94105, USA.

What is the micro:bit?

Introduction

The micro:bit is a pocket-sized computer that lets you get creative with digital technology. You can

code, customize and control your micro:bit from anywhere! You can use your micro:bit for all sorts of

unique creations, from robots to musical instruments and more.

micro:bit Board

DEV-14208

The micro:bit is the most recent project by the British Broadcasting Corp. (BBC) in an effort to bring

computer science education and STEM topics to every student in the United Kingdom. It is an open

development board that works in sync with onboard hardware components to get you started down

the path of programming hardware.

At half the size of a credit card, each board is equipped with a surprising amount of hardware,

including 25 red LED lights that can flash messages. There are two programmable buttons that can

be used to control games or pause and skip songs on a playlist. The micro:bit can even detect

motion and tell you which direction you’re heading. It can also use Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) to

interact with other devices and the internet.

The micro:bit features an embedded compass and accelerometer, and mobile and web-based

programming capabilities. It is compatible with a number of online code editors across a number of

different languages. This guide will focus on MakeCode, a block- or JavaScript-based environment

developed by Microsoft.

What is on the Board?

The micro:bit has a lot to offer when it comes to onboard inputs and outputs. In fact, there are so

many things packed onto this little board that you would be hard-pressed to really need anything

else if your goal is to explore the basics of programming and hardware.

Front

On the front of the board there are a number of components that are pretty visible right off the bat!

1. LED Array — The micro:bit has a 5x5 LED array that you can use as a tiny screen to draw

on and display words, numbers and other information.

2. A/B Buttons — Two buttons in all of their clicky glory: A is on the left, B is on the right, and

both are prime for controlling a game of your design.

3. Edge “Pins” — The gold tabs at the bottom of the board are for hooking up external

components. The tabs with larger holes can be easily used with alligator clips to prototype

things quickly!

4. Light Sensor — A bit of a hidden gem. The LED array doubles as a light sensor!

Back

The back is where a lot of the magic happens. Check it out…

1. Microcontroller — The brains of the outfit. The micro:bit is powered by a 16MHz ARM

Cortex-M0 microcontroller with 256KB Flash and 16KB RAM.

2. Accelerometer/Compass — The micro:bit has an onboard accelerometer that measures

gravitational force, as well as a compass that can detect its orientation using Earth’s

magnetic field.

3. Bluetooth/Radio — Communication is huge with the micro:bit. You can communicate with

your phone or tablet using BLE or between two or more micro:bits using the standard “radio.”

4. Temperature Sensor — No, the drawing is not numbered incorrectly! The microcontroller

doubles as a temperature sensor!

5. USB Port — Used to upload code to your micro:bit or power from your computer or laptop.

6. Reset Button — A button to reset your micro:bit and start your code over from the

beginning.

7. JST Battery Connector — A connector to hook up an external battery pack to your

micro:bit.

Hooking It Up

The micro:bit uses a microUSB cable to hook up to your computer or Chromebook. It is as simple as

plugging the cable into your micro:bit and the other end into an open USB port.

Once you plug your board in, you should see the small yellow LED on the back of your micro:bit light

up and possibly blink a few times. Then whatever existing program that was put on the micro:bit will

start running. If this is your first time plugging your micro:bit in, go ahead and play around with it a bit

— push buttons, shake it, and you will get a bit of an Easter egg.

Once your micro:bit boots up, check out your Finder if you are on a Mac, or your My Computer

Drives if you are on a PC. The micro:bit should show up as an external storage device with two files

stored in it.

If you are on a Chromebook, when you plug your micro:bit in you will be greeted with a dialog box to

open the drive. Feel free to do so to make sure it works!

Introduction to Microsoft MakeCode

What is MakeCode?

MakeCode is an open programming environment built by Microsoft for the micro:bit, as well as other

boards. You can navigate to MakeCode for the micro:bit by clicking on the button below.

LAUNCH MAKECODE!

Once you have launched MakeCode, you will be greeted by its basic layout with a simulator on the

left and a block-based environment on the right, as shown here.

Click on the image above for a larger view.

Let’s take a quick tour and check out what is available to us!

1. Projects — A cloud storage system connected to your computer with no account setup

required.

2. Share — Allows you to share your project code in a number of different ways with your

friends!

3. Blocks/JavaScript — Choose your own adventure by programming in blocks (default) or in

JavaScript.

4. Program Space — This is where the magic happens and where you build your

program…where you “make code.”

5. Zoom/Undo-Redo — Sometimes you need to undo things, or zoom out and look around;

these are the buttons for that.

6. Name & Save — Name your program and save it (download it) to your computer.

7. Download — Similar to Save, download your program as a .hex file and drag it into your

micro:bit.

8. Block Library — All of the options in terms of program building blocks, which are color-

coded by function.

9. Simulator Hide/Show — You can hide/show the simulator if you would like.

10. Simulator — You don’t need hardware! MakeCode has a real-time simulator! As you change

your program, you can see what it will do on this virtual micro:bit!

Phew! Now you have a choice: block- or text-based programming?

Blocks or Text

For this guide and the majority of the content that you will find on SparkFun for the micro:bit, we will

be using block-based programming examples.

[

But, if you so choose, there is a JavaScript option to use as well. The choice is yours, and the good

news is that you can switch back and forth from one to the other in the same program; one will

populate the other, which is really nice if you are new to programming!

Simulator

MakeCode includes a simulator for the micro:bit, meaning if you don’t have your micro:bit in hand

you can still write code for it. Or if you want to try out an idea before you upload it to your micro:bit,

you can do that too!

The simulator will update as you build your code, and if you want to run it from the beginning you

can click the stop and run buttons to start it over again!

Speaking of code, let’s write a quick program and get it onto your micro:bit!

Experiment 0: Hello, micro:bit!

Introduction

“Hello World” is the term we use to define that first program you write in a programming language or

on a new piece of hardware. Essentially it is a simple piece of code that gives you a quick win

(fingers crossed) and a first step in learning. It also gives you a chance to make sure everything is

up and running and A-OK.

For your first “Hello World” we are going to create a simple animation on the LED array that repeats

forever. If you just want the complete program, you can see it here. To see a step-by-step

explanation of how we built the program, continue reading!

Note: You may need to disable your ad/pop-up blocker to interact with the MakeCode programming

environment and simulated circuit!

Building ‘Hello World’

A “Hello World” on the micro:bit is a little different than on a normal run-of-the-mill microcontroller.

The micro:bit has no single LED to blink on its own, as you would find on the Arduino or similar

boards. What the micro:bit does have is an LED array! So, the “Hello World” for the micro:bit is to

draw something using the LED array!

When you open MakeCode you are greeted with two blocks: the

OnStart

block and

the

forever

block. The

OnStart

block is all of your code that will execute at the very beginning of

your program and only run once. The

forever

block is code that will loop over and over

again…forever.

We are going to use the

forever

block for building this “Hello World.” We now need to start adding

blocks to

forever

First, click on the Basics category. These blocks are, well, the basic building blocks of a BuildCode

program. It will expand into a number of options. Click and drag the

showleds

block over and place it

inside of your

forever

block. Notice that the block is keyed to fit inside of the

forever

block, and if

you have the volume up on your computer you will hear a satisfying ‘click’ noise when you let go of

the block.

The

showleds

block has an array of squares that symbolize the LED array. If you click on a square,

it will turn red, which means that it is on. Draw a simple pixel art shape by turning different LEDs on

or off; you should be able to see the outcome in your simulator on the lefthand side of your window.

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