Texas Instruments CBR Manuale utente

ETTINGETTING

TARTED WITHTARTED WITH

CBR™CBR™

INCLUDINGINCLUDING

STUDENT ACTIVITIESSTUDENT ACTIVITIES

85-86

TRIGGER

CBR

)

EXAS

NSTRUMENTS

Calculator-Based Rangeré(CBRé) calculator-to-CBR cable

clamp 4 AA batteries

Important notice regarding book materials

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implied, including but not limited to any implied warranties of

merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding

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Instruments, regardless of the form of action, shall not exceed

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shall not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against

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Permission is hereby granted to teachers to reprint or photocopy in

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COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

Table of contents

85-86

TRIGGER

CBR

)

EXAS

NSTRUMENTS

INTRODUCTION

What is CBR? 2

Getting started with CBR — It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3 4

Hints for effective data collection 6

Activities with teacher notes and student activity sheets

³Activity 1 — Match the graph linear 13

³Activity 2 — Toy car linear 17

³Activity 3 — Pendulum sinusoidal 21

³Activity 4 — Bouncing ball parabolic 25

³Activity 5 — Rolling ball parabolic 29

Teacher information 33

Technical information

CBR data is stored in lists 37

RANGER settings 38

Using CBR with CBL or with CBL programs 39

Programming commands 40

Service information

Batteries 42

In case of difficulty 43

TI service and warranty 44

RANGER menu map inside back cover

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

What is CBR?

CBRCBRé

((

Calculator-Based RangerCalculator-Based Rangeré

))

sonic motion detector

use with TI-82, TI-83, TI-85/CBL, TI-86, and TI-92

bring real-world data collection and analysis into the classroom

easy-to-use, self-contained

no programming required

Includes the RANGER programIncludes the RANGER program

the versatile RANGER program is one button away

MATCH and BOUNCING BALL programs are built into RANGER

primary sampling parameters are easy to set

What does CBR do?

With CBR and a TI graphing calculator, students can collect, view, and analyze motion data

without tedious measurements and manual plotting.

CBR lets students explore the mathematical and scientific relationships between distance,

velocity, acceleration, and time using data collected from activities they perform. Students

can explore math and science concepts such as:

0motion: distance, velocity, acceleration

0graphing: coordinate axes, slope, intercepts

0functions: linear, quadratic, exponential, sinusoidal

0calculus: derivatives, integrals

0statistics and data analysis: data collection methods, statistical analysis

What’s in this guide?

Getting Started with CBRéis designed to be a guide for teachers who don’t have extensive

calculator or programming experience. It includes quick-start instructions for using CBR, hints

on effective data collection, and five classroom activities to explore basic functions and

properties of motion. The activities (see pages 13–32) include:

0teacher notes for each activity, plus general teacher information

0step-by-step instructions

0a basic data collection activity appropriate for all levels

0explorations that examine the data more closely, including what-if scenarios

0suggestions for advanced topics appropriate for precalculus and calculus students

0a reproducible student activity sheet with open-ended questions appropriate for a wide

range of grade levels

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

What is CBR?

(cont.)

85-86

TRIGGER

CBR

)

EXAS

NSTRUMENTS

CBR includes everything you need to begin classroom activities easily and quickly — just add

TI graphing calculators (and readily available props for some activities).

0sonic motion detector 0calculator-to-CBR cable 0mounting clamp

0RANGER program in the CBR 04 AA batteries 05 fun classroom activities

onic sensor to record up

to 200 samples per second

with a range between

0.5 meters and 6 meters

(1.5 feet and 18 feet)

pivoting head to aim

ensor accurately

buttons to transfer

RANGER program to

calculators

¤button

to initiate sampling

tandard threaded socket

to attach a tripod or the

included mounting clamp

(on back)

battery door

(on bottom)

port to connect to CBL

(if desired)

port to connect to TI graphing

calculators using the included

2.25-meter (7.5-foot) cable

red light to indicate

pecial conditions

reen light to indicate when

data collection is occurring

(sound also available)

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

Getting started with CBR—It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3

With CBR, you’re just three simple steps from the first data sample!

Connect

Connect CBR to a TI graphing calculator

using the calculator-to-CBR cable.

Push in firmly at both ends to make the

connection.

Note: The short calculator-to-calculator

cable that comes with the calculator also

works.

Transfer

RANGER, a customized program for each calculator, is in the CBR. It’s easy to

transfer the appropriate program from the CBR to a calculator.

First, prepare the calculator to receive the program (see keystrokes below).

TI-82 or TI-83 TI-85/CBL or TI-86 TI-92

Ÿ[LINK] £›Ÿ[LINK] ¡Go to the Home screen.

Next, open the pivoting head on the CBR, and then press the appropriate

program-transfer button on the CBR.

During transfer, the calculator displays RECEIVING (except TI-92). When the

transfer is complete, the green light on CBR flashes once, CBR beeps once,

and the calculator screen displays DONE. If there is a problem, the red light

on CBR flashes twice and CBR beeps twice.

Once you’ve transferred the RANGER program from CBR to a calculator, you

won’t need to transfer it to that calculator again unless you delete it from

the calculator’s memory.

Note: The program and data require approximately 17,500 bytes of memory.

You may need to delete programs and data from the calculator. You can

save the programs and data first by transferring them to a computer using

TI-Graph Linkéor to another calculator using a calculator-to-calculator cable

or the calculator-to-CBR cable (see calculator guidebook).

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

Getting started with CBR—It’s as easy as 1, 2, 3

(cont.)

Run

Run the RANGER program (see keystrokes below).

TI-82 or TI-83 TI-85/CBL or TI-86 TI-92

Press ^.

Choose RANGER.

Press ›.

Press ^A.

Choose RANGER.

Press ›.

Press L[VAR-LINK].

Choose RANGER.

Press ¨›.

The opening screen is displayed.

Press ›. The MAIN MENU is displayed.

MAIN MENU

SETUPàSAMPLE

SET DEFAULTS

APPLICATIONS

PLOT MENU

TOOLS

QUIT

&view/change the settings before sampling

&change the settings to the default settings

&DISTANCE MATCH, VELOCITY MATCH, BALL BOUNCE

&plot options

&GET CBR DATA, GET CALC DATA, STATUS, STOPàCLEAR

From the MAIN MENU choose SET DEFAULTS. The SETUP screen is displayed.

Press ›to choose START NOW. Set up the activity, and then press ›to

begin data collection. It’s that easy!

Important information

0This guide applies to all TI graphing calculators that can be used with CBR,

so you may find that some of the menu names do not match exactly those

on your calculator.

0When setting up activities, ensure that the CBR is securely anchored and

that the cord cannot be tripped over.

0Always exit the RANGER program using the QUIT option. The RANGER

program performs a proper shutdown of CBR when you choose QUIT. This

ensures that CBR is properly initialized for the next time you use it.

0Always disconnect CBR from the calculator before storing it.

For quick results, try

one of the classroom-

ready activities in this

guide!

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

Hints for effective data collection

Getting better samples

How does CBR work?

Understanding how a sonic motion detector works can help you get better data plots. The

motion detector sends out an ultrasonic pulse and then measures how long it takes for that

pulse to return after bouncing off the closest object.

CBR, like any sonic motion detector, measures the time interval between transmitting the

ultrasonic pulse and the first returned echo, but CBR has a built-in microprocessor that does

much more. When the data is collected, CBR calculates the distance of the object from the

CBR using a speed-of-sound calculation. Then it computes the first and second derivatives of

the distance data with respect to time to obtain velocity and acceleration data. It stores

these measurements in lists L1, L2, L3, and L4.

Performing the same calculations as CBR is an interesting classroom activity.

➊Collect sample data in REALTIME=NO mode. Exit the RANGER program.

➋Use the sample times in L1 in conjunction with the distance data in L2 to calculate the

velocity of the object at each sample time. Then compare the results to the velocity data

in L3.

(L2n+1 + L2n)à2 N(L2n+ L2n-1)à2

L3n=

L1n+1 NL1n

➌Use the velocity data in L3 (or the student-calculated values) in conjunction with the

sample times in L1 to calculate the acceleration of the object at each sample time. Then

compare the results to the acceleration data in L4.

Object size

Using a small object at a far distance from the CBR decreases the chances of an accurate

reading. For example, at 5 meters, you are much more likely to detect a soccer ball than a

ping-pong ball.

Minimum range

When the CBR sends out a pulse, the pulse hits the object, bounces back, and is received by

the CBR. If an object is closer than 0.5 meters (1.5 feet), consecutive pulses may overlap and

be misidentified by CBR. The plot would be inaccurate, so position CBR at least 0.5 meters

away from the object.

Maximum range

As the pulse travels through the air, it loses its strength. After about 12 meters (6 meters on

the trip to the object and 6 meters on the trip back to the CBR), the return echo may be too

weak to be reliably detected by the CBR. This limits the typical reliably effective distance from

the CBR to the object to less than 6 meters (19 feet).

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

Hints for effective data collection

(cont.)

The clear zone

The path of the CBR beam is not a narrow, pencil-like beam, but fans out in all directions up

to 10° in a cone-shaped beam.

To avoid interference from other objects in the vicinity, try to establish a clear zone in the

path of the CBR beam. This helps ensure that objects other than the target do not get

recorded by CBR. CBR records the closest object in the clear zone.

Reflective surfaces

Some surfaces reflect pulses better than others. For example, you might see better results

with a relatively hard, smooth surfaced ball than with a tennis ball. Conversely, samples

taken in a room filled with hard, reflective surfaces are more likely to show stray data points.

Measurements of irregular surfaces (such as a toy car or a student holding a calculator while

walking) may appear uneven.

A Distance-Time plot of a nonmoving object may have small differences in the calculated

distance values. If any of these values map to a different pixel, the expected flat line may

show occasional blips. The Velocity-Time plot may appear even more jagged, because the

change in distance between any two points over time is, by definition, velocity. You may

wish to apply an appropriate degree of smoothing to the data.

COPYING PERMITTED PROVIDED TI COPYRIGHT NOTICE IS INCLUDED

Hints for effective data collection

(cont.)

RANGER settings

Sample times

TIME is the total time in seconds to complete all sampling. Enter an integer between 1

second (for fast moving objects) and 99 seconds (for slow moving objects). For

REALTIME=YES, TIME is always 15 seconds.

When TIME is a lower number, the object must be closer to the CBR. For example, when

TIME=1 SECOND, the object can be no more than 1.75 meters (5.5 feet) from the CBR.

Starting and stopping

The SETUP screen in the RANGER program provides several options for starting and stopping

sampling.

0BEGIN ON: [ENTER]. Starts sampling with the calculator’s ›key when the person

initiating the sampling is closest to the calculator.

0BEGIN ON: [TRIGGER]. Starts and stops sampling with the CBR ¤button when the

person initiating the sampling is closest to the CBR.

In this option, you also can choose to detach the CBR. This lets you set up the sample,

disconnect the cord from the CBR, take the CBR where the action is, press ¤,

sample, reattach the CBR, and press ›to transfer the data. Use BEGIN ON: [TRIGGER]

when the cord is not long enough or would interfere with data collection. This is not

available in REALTIME=YES mode (such as the MATCH application).

0BEGIN ON: DELAY. Starts sampling after a 10-second delay from the time you press ›.

It is especially useful when only one person is doing an activity.

Trigger button

The effect of ¤varies depending on the settings.

0¤starts sampling, even if BEGIN ON: [ENTER] or BEGIN ON: DELAY is selected. It also

stops sampling, but usually you will want to let a sample complete.

0In REALTIME=NO, after sampling has stopped, ¤automatically repeats the most

recent sample, but does not transfer the data to the calculator. To transfer this data, from

the MAIN MENU choose TOOLS, and then choose GET CBR DATA. (You also can repeat a

sample by choosing REPEAT SAMPLE from the PLOT MENU or START NOW from the SETUP

screen.)

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