Wifx Lorix One Manuale utente

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

Low cost LoRa IP43/IP65 gateway

User manual

Waterproof N

connector

USBdebug

serial

StatusLED

10/100Mbpsethernet

Passive PoE24V

Config/factoryreset

Storageextension

SD-CARD

Versions:

Revision

Note

Date

0.1

Initial creation

08/14/2016

0.2

Modified

09/08/2016

0.9

Product release pre-revision

04/21/2017

1.0

Added TTN cloud application

Added system update

05/03/2017

1.1

Updated operating temperature and power supply following safety

certification requirements

07/30/2017

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

1SUMMARY

1Summary .............................................................................................................................................................. 2

2Product Specifications.......................................................................................................................................... 4

3General information............................................................................................................................................. 5

3.1 Wiki.............................................................................................................................................................. 5

4Connectivity/Interface ......................................................................................................................................... 5

5Start/Reset ........................................................................................................................................................... 5

5.1 Procedures .................................................................................................................................................. 5

6Ethernet/PoE........................................................................................................................................................ 6

6.1 Power through passive PoE ......................................................................................................................... 7

7Administration terminal access............................................................................................................................ 7

7.1 USB .............................................................................................................................................................. 7

7.2 SSH............................................................................................................................................................... 8

8System access & configuration ............................................................................................................................ 8

8.1 Login ............................................................................................................................................................ 8

8.2 User/Password ............................................................................................................................................ 9

8.2.1 Define or change a password.................................................................................................................. 9

8.3 Root privileges............................................................................................................................................. 9

8.3.1 Sudo command ....................................................................................................................................... 9

8.3.2 Su command ........................................................................................................................................... 9

8.4 Edit a file.................................................................................................................................................... 10

8.4.1 Using Vi ................................................................................................................................................. 10

8.4.2 Using Nano............................................................................................................................................ 10

8.5 Configuring LAN connection parameters .................................................................................................. 11

8.5.1 Static configuration ............................................................................................................................... 11

8.5.2 DHCP configuration............................................................................................................................... 11

8.5.3 Network restarting................................................................................................................................ 11

8.6 System update........................................................................................................................................... 12

8.6.1 Main servers.......................................................................................................................................... 12

8.6.2 Manual update...................................................................................................................................... 12

8.6.3 Package install....................................................................................................................................... 12

8.7 Cloud applications ..................................................................................................................................... 12

8.7.1 LORIOT .................................................................................................................................................. 12

8.7.2 Packet-forwarder .................................................................................................................................. 13

8.7.3 TTN Packet-forwarder ........................................................................................................................... 13

8.7.4 Wifx clouds-manager ............................................................................................................................ 13

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

8.8 LoRa concentrator utilities ........................................................................................................................ 14

8.8.1 SX1301 reset pin control....................................................................................................................... 14

8.8.2 Test binaries.......................................................................................................................................... 14

8.8.3 Util binaries ........................................................................................................................................... 14

9SD Card............................................................................................................................................................... 15

9.1.1 Insertion/removal ................................................................................................................................. 15

10 Electrical............................................................................................................................................................. 15

10.1 Power consumption .................................................................................................................................. 15

11 Mechanical ......................................................................................................................................................... 16

11.1 IP43 (Semi-waterproof) ............................................................................................................................. 16

11.2 IP65 (Waterproof) ..................................................................................................................................... 16

11.3 Fixation ...................................................................................................................................................... 16

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

2PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS

Version

IP43 (Semi-waterproof)

IP64 (Waterproof)

Physical specifications

Dimensions

See 11.1 IP43 (Semi-waterproof)

See 11.2 IP65 (Waterproof)

Weight

< 230 grams

Connectors

1 RJ45 Ethernet 10/100Mbps port

Max 100m. length, use shielded cable for outdoor use

1 USB micro-B service connector (service access only)

1 N type RF antenna connector

1 microSD SD Memory Card Specification v2.0 slot

Power specifications

Input supply

24VDC 500mA (through passive PoE)

Power supply

See 6.1 Power through passive PoE

Consumption

See 10.1 Power consumption

Climatic specifications

Operating

temperature

-30°C to +55°C

-5°C to +40°C for the power supply HNP12-240L6, indoor use only

Storage

temperature

-20°C to +70°C

Operating

humidity

10% to 90% RH Non-condensing

Storage

humidity

5% to 90% RH Non-condensing

Certifications compliance

Radio & EMC

RED 2014/53/EU (European Radio Equipment Directive)

ETSI EN 300 220-2

EN 61000-6-1:2007

IEC 61000-6-1:2005 (ed2.0)

ETSI EN 301 489-3 V1.6.1:2013

Human safety

EN 62209-2

IEC/EN 62479-1

Electrical safety

EN 60950

System

CPU

ARM® Cortex™-A5 @ 600MHz

RAM

128 MBytes DDR2 @ 200MHz

Internal

memory

256 MBytes NAND FLASH with 4bit hardware ECC

External

memory

microSD card slot, SDHC compatible, can be used as boot source

TABLE 1 PRODUCT SPECIFICATION

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

3GENERAL INFORMATION

3.1 WIKI

The LORIX One wiki is accessible at www.lorixone.io/wiki and contains information about technical use of the

product. It contains for example explanation on how to use the toolchain to create custom binaries or to flash the

internal NAND memory.

4CONNECTIVITY/INTERFACE

Ethernet connector

PoE injection

Reset button

microSD

slot

Status

LED

USB service

connector

5START/RESET

The gateway automatically boots when connected to passive PoE through the Ethernet cable. On boot, the status

LED blinks shortly then goes off to signal the power up status. Once the Linux OS started, the status LED starts

blinking in “heartbeat” mode.

The reset button can be used to reset the gateway, to enter in factory reset mode or to enter in debug

programming mode. For a simple reset, just press the reset button with a thin tool like a paper clip shortly. On

release, the status LED will flash shortly and then goes off to signal the reset action.

5.1 PROCEDURES

Short-press

Pressure during less than 1 second. The blue LED blinks shortly on release.

Long-press

Pressure for long time. The blue LED blinks shortly after the delay.

Status LED

A short flash from the blue LED

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

Normal reset procedure

1. Short-press

2. The status LED flashes on release

and the gateway reboots.

Factory reset procedure

The factory reset procedure is used to put back the default parameters. It’s useful in case of network

misconfiguration for example or if in case of a forgotten password which would be reset.

1. Wait at least one second from

another reset pressure

2. Long-press for at least 10 seconds

3. After the blue LED flashes, release

the reset button

4. The gateway boot in factory reset

mode

> 10sec

Programming mode procedure

This mode is used to enter in programming mode. Useful to reprogram the gateway using the Atmel SAM-BA

programming tool by USB as explained in the wiki.

1. Remove an eventual microSD card

2. Wait at least one second from

another reset pressure

3. 2 shorts press with less than 1

second between each

4. Third long press for more than 3

seconds (and less than 5 seconds)

< 1sec < 1sec

> 3sec

6ETHERNET/POE

Connector details:

RJ45 Pin

number

Color wire

Function

Green

TX+

Green/white

TX-

Orange

RX+

Blue

VPOE1

Voltage 1 for PoE powering (must be connected with terminal 5)

Blue/white

VPOE1

Voltage 1 for PoE powering (must be connected with terminal 4)

Orange/white

RX-

Brown

VPOE2

Voltage 2 for PoE powering (must be connected with terminal 8)

Brown/white

VPOE2

Voltage 2 for PoE powering (must be connected with terminal 7)

TABLE 2 ETHERNET/POE CONNECTION

The yellow LED shows the LINK and the ACTIVITY on the Ethernet connection:

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

OFF No link

ON Link

Blink Link and activity

The green LED shows the actual SPEED of the Ethernet connection:

OFF 10Base-T

ON 100Base-TX

6.1 POWER THROUGH PASSIVE POE

The LORIX One gateway is exclusively powered through passive PoE using the Ethernet connector. The power is

injected through a PoE injector as shown:

DATA + POWER

DATA

POWER

VPOE1 and VPOE2 (in Table 2) represent the two power lines of the gateway. Power must be injected in the power

input connector using only the switching power supply provided with the LORIX One:

Reference HNP12-240L6

Output voltage 24VDC

Output courant 500mA

7ADMINISTRATION TERMINAL ACCESS

The embedded Linux can be accessed through either the USB connector or through SSH with a working Ethernet

connection.

7.1 USB

The LORIX One gateway has an USB micro-B type connector which provides virtual COM port. Accessing the

gateway this way allows you to debug and configure the software. This is the only way to access the terminal when

the network isn’t accessible (without SSH access).

USB Connection consideration

Please note that the gateway can’t be powered through the USB and needs to be powered with the passive PoE

through the Ethernet cable.

In addition, the USB connection is only intended to be used for administration/configuration and should not be

left connected during normal use. In addition, the IPxx level is not guarantee during USB service connector use.

To access the gateway with USB:

1. Power up the gateway with passive PoE through the Ethernet cable

2. Connect a PC to the gateway with a A mini-B cable

3. The virtual COM port is automatically detected by the PC

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

a. On Windows a new virtual COM port appears in the device manager with the name COMxx

b. On Linux a new virtual COM port appears in /dev/ttyACMxx

4. A terminal program like PuTTY or minicom can be used with the following parameters:

baudrate 115200

data bits 8

stop bits 1

parity none

flow control none

7.2 SSH

The LORIX One gateway provides a SSH server and can be accessed through SSH as soon as connected to a working

network using a SSH client program like PuTTY or ssh on Linux.

You need to know its IP address in order to access the gateway through SSH.

To access the gateway with SSH:

1. Power up the gateway with passive PoE through the Ethernet cable

2. A terminal program like PuTTY or ssh can be used with the following parameters:

address depending on your config

port 22

3. Accept the RSA key fingerprint as asked

8SYSTEM ACCESS &CONFIGURATION

8.1 LOGIN

When the connection is made by USB, the following text appears:

Poky (Yocto Project Reference Distro) 2.1.2 sama5d4-lorix-one /dev/ttyGS0

sama5d4-lorix-one login:

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

With SSH:

The login by default is admin and password lorix4u. It strongly recommended to change the password as soon as

possible and as explained in the user/access chapter.

Enter the login admin and validate with ENTER to be prompted for the password:

admin@root's password:

_ ____ _____ _______ __ ____

| | / __ \| __ \|_ _\ \ / / / __ \

| | | | | | |__) | | | \ V / | | | |_ __ ___

| | | | | | _ / | | > < | | | | '_ \ / _ \

| |___| |__| | | \ \ _| |_ / . \ | |__| | | | | __/

|______\____/|_| \_\_____/_/ \_\ \____/|_| |_|\___|

-----------------------------------------------------

LoRa gateway www.lorixone.io

sama5d4-lorix-one:~$

8.2 USER/PASSWORD

Security issue with the default password

By default, all the gateways have the same password and user should change it before any “production” use. As

usual, complex password with lower and uppercase, number and special character is preferable to increase the

security of the access.

8.2.1 DEFINE OR CHANGE A PASSWORD

To define a new password, use the passwd command as follow:

sama5d4-lorix-one:~$ passwd

Changing password for admin

Enter the new password (minimum of 5 characters)

Please use a combination of upper and lower case letters and numbers.

New password: <new password>

Re-enter new password: <new password>

passwd: password changed.

8.3 ROOT PRIVILEGES

Most of the files or executables are limited to root access on the gateway. The main goal is to protect and avoid

wrong manipulation. Depending on the rights of these files, to read, write or execute them unless being root user.

8.3.1 SUDO COMMAND

Given that terminal access isn’t possible with root user (for security reasons), the command sudo can be used to

temporarily execute a command as root user:

sama5d4-lorix-one:~$ sudo reboot

Password:

The command reboot is executed as root user after the password has been entered which is not possible as admin

user. The sudo command is valid once a time and must be applied for each command needed to be executed as

root. Once the password is entered, it’s cached for 15min.

8.3.2 SU COMMAND

It’s sometime useful to manipulate multiple files with root access without using the sudo command for each

action. This can be done by using the su command (stands for substitute user) which permits to change the

session’s owner and can, for example, be used to become the root user.

LORIX One User manual revision 1.1

sama5d4-lorix-one:~$ whoami

admin

The actual user is admin.

sama5d4-lorix-one:~$ sudo su

Password:

sama5d4-lorix-one:/home/admin# whoami

root

The command sudo su allows becoming root (su command without argument is a shortcut for su root).

sama5d4-lorix-one:/home/admin# su admin

sama5d4-lorix-one:~$ whoami

admin

As root user, the sudo command isn’t necessary to use the command su.

Security issue or error using su command

The commands sudo and su are powerful and allow user to modify/corrupt important files or (mis)use critical

command. su command is particularly dangerous since user may forget its privileges over the time.

8.4 EDIT A FILE

You can edit a file with two different program, Vi or Nano. They are both very simple but very different in term

of use.

8.4.1 USING VI

Vi is less intuitive but very efficient when you master it. You can edit a text file, existing or not using the following

command:

sama5d4-lorix-one:~$ vi file.txt

Or prefixed with sudo if the file is root access protected.

Once opened, there is two main mode, insert or command in which we begin.

Basically, you pass from the command mode to the insert mode by typing "i" or "a".

"i" for insert will begin insertion where the cursor is.

"a" for append will begin insertion at the next character.

In the insert mode, you can modify the file as any text editor and you can quit the insert mode by simply typing

ESC.

In the command mode, you can type ":" followed by one or many command:

":w" for writing the modifications

":q" to quit the program

":q!" to force quitting if modification has been made but not saved

":wq" to write and quit

There are other options which will not be described here but many tutorial can be found on the web.

8.4.2 USING NANO

Nano is less efficient but far more intuitive and user friendly. This is the one you would choose if you are not

familiar with terminal. You can edit a text file, existing or not using the following command:

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