XIA Pixie-16 MZ-TrigIO Manuale utente

User's Manual

Digital Gamma Finder (DGF)

PIXIE-16

Version 1.40, October 2009

XIA LLC

31057 Genstar Rd.

Hayward, CA 94544 USA

Phone: (510) 401-5760; Fax: (510) 401-5761

http://www.xia.com

Disclaimer

Information furnished by XIA is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, XIA assumes no

responsibility for its use, or for any infringement of patents, or other rights of third parties, which

may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under the patent rights

of XIA. XIA reserves the right to change the DGF product, its documentation, and the supporting

software without prior notice.

PIXIE-16 User’s Manual V1.40

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Table of Contents

DISCLAIMER ............................................................................................................................................................. I

TABLE OF CONTENTS ...........................................................................................................................................II

SAFETY .................................................................................................................................................................... IV

SPECIFIC PRECAUTIONS ........................................................................................................................................... IV

END USERS AGREEMENT.....................................................................................................................................V

CONTACT INFORMATION .......................................................................................................................................... V

OVERVIEW .......................................................................................................................................................1

1.1

APPLICATIONS.............................................................................................................................................1

1.2

FEATURES ...................................................................................................................................................1

1.3

SPECIFICATIONS ..........................................................................................................................................2

SETTING UP......................................................................................................................................................4

2.1

INSTALLATION.............................................................................................................................................4

2.2

GETTING STARTED ......................................................................................................................................4

2.2.1

Startup ...................................................................................................................................................4

2.2.2

Settings...................................................................................................................................................5

2.2.3

Run.........................................................................................................................................................5

2.2.4

Results....................................................................................................................................................5

NAVIGATING THE PIXIE-16 USER INTERFACE.....................................................................................6

3.1

OVERVIEW ..................................................................................................................................................6

3.2

STARTUP .....................................................................................................................................................7

3.3

SETTINGS ....................................................................................................................................................8

3.3.1

Filter ......................................................................................................................................................8

3.3.2

Analog Signal Conditioning & Acquire ADC Traces ............................................................................9

3.3.3

Histogram Control...............................................................................................................................10

3.3.4

Decay Time ..........................................................................................................................................11

3.3.5

Pulse Shape Analysis ...........................................................................................................................11

3.3.6

Baseline Control & Acquire Baselines ................................................................................................11

3.3.7

Control Registers .................................................................................................................................11

3.3.8

CFD Trigger ........................................................................................................................................12

3.3.9

Trigger Stretch Lengths .......................................................................................................................13

3.3.10

FIFO Delays ...................................................................................................................................13

3.3.11

Multiplicity......................................................................................................................................13

3.3.12

QDC ................................................................................................................................................15

3.4

RUN...........................................................................................................................................................15

3.5

RESULTS....................................................................................................................................................16

DATA RUNS AND DATA STRUCTURES...................................................................................................19

4.1

RUN TYPES ................................................................................................................................................19

4.1.1

Histogram Runs ...................................................................................................................................19

4.1.2

List Mode Runs ....................................................................................................................................19

4.2

OUTPUT DATA STRUCTURES ......................................................................................................................19

4.2.1

MCA histogram data............................................................................................................................19

4.2.2

List mode data......................................................................................................................................19

HARDWARE DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................23

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iii

5.1

ANALOG SIGNAL CONDITIONING ...............................................................................................................23

5.2

TRIGGER/FILTER FPGAS...........................................................................................................................23

5.3

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSOR (DSP) ..........................................................................................................24

5.4

PCI AND TRIGGER INTERFACE...................................................................................................................25

THEORY OF OPERATION...........................................................................................................................26

6.1

DIGITAL FILTERS FOR γ-RAY DETECTORS ..................................................................................................26

6.2

TRAPEZOIDAL FILTERING IN THE PIXIE-16 ................................................................................................28

6.3

BASELINES AND PREAMPLIFIER DECAY TIMES ...........................................................................................29

6.4

THRESHOLDS AND PILE-UP INSPECTION ....................................................................................................30

6.5

FILTER RANGE ...........................................................................................................................................33

OPERATING MULTIPLE PIXIE-16 MODULES SYNCHRONOUSLY..................................................34

7.1

CLOCK DISTRIBUTION................................................................................................................................34

7.1.1

Individual Clock mode.........................................................................................................................34

7.1.2

Daisy-chained Clock Mode..................................................................................................................35

7.1.3

PXI Clock Mode...................................................................................................................................35

7.1.4

Multi-Chassis Clock Mode...................................................................................................................35

7.2

FRONT PANEL LVDS I/O PORT ..................................................................................................................35

7.3

FRONT PANEL DIGITAL I/O PORT PIN .........................................................................................................36

7.4

SAMPLE SIGNALS FOR FRONT PANEL TEST PINS .........................................................................................37

7.5

TRIGGER DISTRIBUTION.............................................................................................................................39

7.5.1

Trigger Distribution within a Module..................................................................................................39

7.5.2

Trigger Distribution between Modules................................................................................................39

7.5.3

Trigger Distribution between Chassis .................................................................................................39

7.6

RUN SYNCHRONIZATION ...........................................................................................................................39

TROUBLESHOOTING ..................................................................................................................................40

8.1

STARTUP PROBLEMS .................................................................................................................................40

APPENDIX A ...................................................................................................................................................41

9.1

JUMPERS....................................................................................................................................................41

9.2

PXI BACKPLANE PIN FUNCTIONS ...............................................................................................................41

9.3

PINOUT OF DIGITAL FRONT PANEL CONNECTORS .....................................................................................42

PIXIE-16 User’s Manual V1.40

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Safety

Please take a moment to review these safety precautions. They are provided both for your

protection and to prevent damage to the digital gamma finder (DGF) and connected equipment.

This safety information applies to all operators and service personnel.

Specific Precautions

Observe all of these precautions to ensure your personal safety and to prevent damage to either

the DGF-Pixie-16 or equipment connected to it.

Do Not Hot-Swap!

To avoid personal injury, and/or damage to the DGF-Pixie-16, always turn off crate

power before removing the DGF-Pixie-16 from the crate!

Servicing and Cleaning

To avoid personal injury, and/or damage to the DGF-Pixie-16, do not attempt to repair or

clean the unit. The DGF hardware is warranted against all defects for 1 year. Please contact the

factory or your distributor before returning items for service.

PIXIE-16 User’s Manual V1.40

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End Users Agreement

XIA LLC warrants that this product will be free from defects in materials and workmanship

for a period of one (1) year from the date of shipment. If any such product proves defective

during this warranty period, XIA LLC, at its option, will either repair the defective products

without charge for parts and labor, or will provide a replacement in exchange for the defective

product.

In order to obtain service under this warranty, Customer must notify XIA LLC of the defect

before the expiration of the warranty period and make suitable arrangements for the performance

of the service.

This warranty shall not apply to any defect, failure or damage caused by improper uses or

inadequate care. XIA LLC shall not be obligated to furnish service under this warranty a) to

repair damage resulting from attempts by personnel other than XIA LLC representatives to repair

or service the product; or b) to repair damage resulting from improper use or connection to

incompatible equipment.

THIS WARRANTY IS GIVEN BY XIA LLC WITH RESPECT TO THIS PRODUCT IN

LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. XIA LLC AND ITS

VENDORS DISCLAIM ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR

FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. XIA’S RESPONSIBILITY TO REPAIR OR

REPLACE DEFECTIVE PRODUCTS IS THE SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY

PROVIDED TO THE CUSTOMER FOR BREACH OF THIS WARRANTY. XIA LLC AND

ITS VENDORS WILL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL,

OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES IRRESPECTIVE OF WHETHER XIA LLC OR THE

VENDOR HAS ADVANCE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

Contact Information

XIA LLC

31057 Genstar Rd.

Hayward, CA 94544 USA

Telephone: (510) 401-5760

Downloads: http://www.xia.com/DGF_Pixie-16_Download.html

Hardware Support: support@xia.com

Software Support: software_support@xia.com

PIXIE-16 User’s Manual V1.40

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1 Overview

The Digital Gamma Finder (DGF) family of digital pulse processors features unique

capabilities for measuring both the amplitude and shape of pulses in nuclear spectroscopy

applications. The DGF architecture was originally developed for use with arrays of multi-

segmented HPGe gamma ray detectors, but has since been applied to an ever broadening range

of applications.

The DGF Pixie-16 is a 16-channel all-digital waveform acquisition and spectrometer card

based on the CompactPCI/PXI standard for fast data readout to the host. It combines

spectroscopy with waveform digitizing and the option of on-line pulse shape analysis. The Pixie-

16 accepts signals from virtually any radiation detector. Incoming signals are digitized by 12-bit

100 MSPS ADCs. Waveforms of up to 80 µs in length for each channel can be stored in a FIFO.

The waveforms are available for onboard pulse shape analysis, which can be customized by

adding user functions to the core processing software. Waveforms, timestamps, and the results of

the pulse shape analysis can be read out by the host system for further off-line processing. Pulse

heights are calculated to 16-bit precision and can be binned into spectra with up to 32K channels.

The Pixie-16 supports coincidence spectroscopy and can recognize complex hit patterns.

Data readout rates through the CompactPCI/PXI backplane to the host computer can be up to

109 Mbyte/s. The standard PXI backplane, as well as additional custom backplane connections

are used to distribute clocks and trigger signals between several Pixie-16 modules for group

operation. A complete data acquisition and processing systems can be built by combining Pixie-

16 modules with commercially available CompactPCI/PXI processor, controller or I/O modules

in the same chassis.

1.1 Applications

The Pixie-16 is an instrument for waveform acquisition and MCA histogramming for arrays of

gamma ray or other radiation detectors such as

•Segmented HPGe detectors.

•Scintillator/PMT combinations: NaI, CsI, BGO and many others.

•Cryogenic microcalorimeters.

•Silicon strip detectors.

1.2 Features

•Directly accepts signals from RC-type preamplifiers, photomultiplier tubes or other pulse

sources.

•Two software selectable gain/attenuation settings for each analog input.

•Programmable DC-offset for each analog input.

•Digitization of 16 analog inputs in parallel at a rate of 100 MHz.

•Digital filtering with programmable filter peaking times from 0.04 to 81.28 µs (0.04 µs to

5.24 ms with alternate firmware).

•Built-in pileup inspection and pileup rejection.

•Synchronous waveform acquisition (up to 8k samples per channel) across channels and

modules.

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•Event processing and optional pulse shape analysis performed with 100 MHz, 32-bit

floating point SHARC DSP.

•Accumulation of 16 MCA histograms (32K bins) and acquisition of event by event list

mode data.

•More than 160 backplane lines for clock and trigger distribution or general purpose I/O

between modules.

•Supports 32-bit, 33 MHz PCI data transfers (>100 Mbyte/second) to host computer.

•Graphical user interfaces to control and diagnose system.

•Digital oscilloscope for health-of-system analysis.

•Compact C driver libraries available for easy integration in existing user interface.

1.3 Specifications

Front Panel I/O

Analog Signal

Input

16 analog inputs.

Input impedance: 1kΩor 50 Ohm.

Input amplitude ±1V pulsed, ±1.5V DC.

Digitized at 100MSPS, 12-bit precision.

Digital General

Purpose I/O

16 general purpose input and /or output connections:

6 inputs 3.3V LVTTL logic.

6 outputs 3.3V LVTTL logic.

4 inputs/outputs LVDS signaling.

Rev-D modules have 16 LVDS pairs of Channel VETO input and 1 LVDS

pair of Module VETO input

Backplane I/O

Clock Distributed 50 MHz clock, daisy-chained or dedicated line from slot 2.

Triggers Two trigger busses on PXI backplane for synchronous waveform acquisition

and for event triggers.

Synchronization SYNC signal distributed through PXI backplane to synchronize timers and

run start/stop to 50 ns.

Veto VETO signal distributed through PXI backplane to suppress event triggering.

General Purpose

I/O

160 bussed and neighboring lines on custom backplane to distribute hit

patterns and triggers and for I/O between modules.

Host Interface

PCI 32-bit, 33MHz Read/Write, external memory or FIFO readout rate to host

over 100 MByte/s.

Digital Controls

Gain Two software selectable analog gains: 4 and 0.9 (by 1:0.22 attenuation).

Optional +/- 10% digital gain for gain matching between channels.

Offset DC offset adjustment from –1.5V to +1.5V, in 65536 steps.

PIXIE-16 User’s Manual V1.40

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Shaping Digital trapezoidal filter.

Rise time and flat top set independently: 0.04 to 81.28 µs (0.04 µs to 5.24

ms with alternate firmware).

Trigger Digital trapezoidal trigger filter with adjustable threshold.

Rise time and flat top set independently: 0.01 to 0.64 µs (0.01 to 40.96 µs

with alternate firmware).

Data Outputs

Spectrum 32k bins, 32 bit deep (4.2 billion counts/bin) for each channel.

256K×18bit FIFO memory for list mode data

Statistics Real time, live time, input and output counts.

Event data Hit pattern, pulse height (energy), timestamps, pulse shape analysis results,

and waveform data.

PIXIE-16 User’s Manual V1.40

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2 Setting up

2.1 Installation

The Pixie-16 modules must be operated in a custom 6U CompactPCI/PXI chassis providing

high currents at specific voltages not included in the CompactPCI/PXI standard

. Currently XIA

provides an 8-slot and a 14-slot chassis; please inquire for further options. Put the host computer

(or remote PXI controller) in the system slot (slot 1) of your chassis. Put the Pixie-16 modules

into any free peripheral slot (slot 2-8 or 2-14) with the chassis still powered down. After modules

are installed, power up the chassis (Pixie-16 modules are not hot swappable). If using a remote

controller, be sure to boot the host computer after powering up the chassis.

Connect the output of your detector to the small coaxial connectors on the Pixie-16 front

panels. For Rev-A modules, these connectors are of type MMCX. For Rev-B, C, and D modules,

the connectors are of type SMB. The 2 mm front panel headers (and, on the Rev-B, C, and D

modules, the CAT-5 connector) are for logic I/O. Preamplifier power can be connected to the

DB-9 connectors on the front panel of the 6U chassis.

The Pixie-16 software includes the firmware files and DSP code files required to configure a

module, Windows drivers and a Visual Basic graphical user interface. All files are included on

the distribution CD-ROM and can be installed by running the installation program Setup.exe.

Follow the instructions shown on the screen to install the software to the default folder selected

by the installation program, or to a custom folder. This folder will contain 7 subfolders named

Doc, Drivers, DSP, Firmware, MCA, PulseShape, and Resources. Make sure you keep this

folder organization intact, as the interface program and future updates rely on this. Feel free,

however, to add folders and subfolders for the output data at your convenience.

2.2 Getting Started

This section describes the basic steps to get initial list mode traces or MCA histograms with

the Pixie-16 system. For a detailed introduction to the software interface, refer to section 3.

After installation, find the shortcut Pixie16_VB on your desktop and start it with a double

click. You can also directly run the file Pixie16_VB.exe in the installation folder.

The user interface consists of a left control bar with 4 tabs: Startup, Settings, Run, and Results.

The area to the right will display control panels or graphs. The top menu bar contains links to

some frequently used result displays as well as some advanced parameter tables.

2.2.1 Startup

To boot the modules, select the default Startup tab. Enter the number of modules and specify

the module’s slot numbers. You can click the Select Configuration Files button to verify the boot

files and paths are pointed to the installation folder. Then click the button Boot Pixie-16

Modules. You might hear several clicks from the modules as the gain relays are reset, then the

Of the 5 backplane connectors available in a 6U format, the lower two are defined by the CompactPCI/PXI

standard, providing basic supply voltages, PCI host I/O, and basic trigger connections. Pixie-16 modules follow this

standard and are thus compatible with any CompactPCI/PXI module that uses these two connectors only. The upper

three connectors are undefined in the CompactPCI/PXI standard. On Pixie-16 modules, these connectors are used

for custom power supplies with high currents (1.8V, 5.5V, 3.3V) and for extended trigger distribution. Third party

modules or chassis using the upper three connectors are most likely not compatible with Pixie-16 modules.

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