Atmel AVR XMEGA 8/16-bit High Performance Low Power Flash... Manuale utente

AVR XMEGA

8/16-bit High Performance Low Power Flash Microcontrollers

AVR®MICROCONTROLLERS

MCU SMART BATTERY SOLUTIONS Everywhere You Are®

Introducing The AVR Family

High Performance/Low Power 8- to 32-bit microcontrollers/processors

AVR Devices — success through innovation

Atmel®offers both 8-bit and 32-bit AVR®’s, and since day one the AVR philosophy has always been clear:

Highest performance with no power penalty.

AVR XMEGA - For demanding embedded applications

With a DMA Controller, an Innovative Event System, crypto engine and high speed ADC and DAC,

AVR XMEGA™ pushes the boundaries for high performance 8/16 bit MCUs while still remaining highly

compatible with tinyAVR®and megaAVR®.

XMEGA highlights

• picoPower™ technology for ultra low power consumption

• True 1.6 volt operation and CPU speeds up to 32 MHz

• Event System and DMA controller

• High speed, high resolution 12-bit ADC and DAC

• Crypto engine, Timers/Counters and fast communication interfaces

• Accurate and ﬂexible Clock System with automatic clock failure protection

AVR XMEGA™ MICROCONTOLLERS Everywhere You Are®

tinyAVR

megaAVR

AVR XMEGA

AP7

AVR32

UC3

AVR32

32-bit

8-/16-bit

8-bit

LESS POWER

MORE PERFORMANCE

Atmel is offering a wide range of AVR

microcontrollers:

•

tinyAVR , 1-16 KBytes Flash, 8-32 pin

packages

•

megaAVR, 4-256 KBytes Flash, 28 to

100 pin packages

•

AVR XMEGA, 16-384 KBytes Flash,

44-100 pin packages

•

AVR32 UC3, 64-512 KBytes Flash,

48-144 pin packages

• AVR32 AP7, 210 DMIPS throughput at

150 MHz, 196-256 pin packages

All AVR devices from the smallest tinyAVR

to the largest XMEGA uses the same CPU.

They differ only in features, pin count and

memory size. This enable AVR to cover the

complete 8- and 16-bit market with one

single, compatible product family.

www.atmel.comwww.atmel.com

picoPower Technology

Reducing power consumption—maintaining performance

picoPower — Best MCU power budget

Atmel’s picoPower technology reduces power

consumption in both sleep and active mode. With

picoPower technology the embedded designer

can reduce the applications power consumption

while maintaining performance.

True 1.6 Volt Operation

AVR XMEGA offers true 1.6 Volt operation. All functions including ADC, DAC, Flash- and EEPROM

memories are all operating down to 1.6V. This allows safe operation directly from a 1.8V ±10% power

supply. It also enables deeper battery discharge to increase battery life.

Minimized Leakage Current

AVR XMEGA leakage current is only 100 nA while still maintaining

full RAM and register retention. This reduces power consumption

for applications spending most time in sleep mode.

Ultra Low Power 32 kHz Crystal Oscillator

AVR XMEGA’s Real Time Counter consumes only 500 nA while

running from a 32.768 kHz Crystal Oscillator.

Sleep modes

XMEGA has ﬁve different sleep modes to turn off unused modules

and reduce the power consumption in the application. Many

sleep modes makes it easy to ﬁnd the perfect ﬁt for the applica-

tion. The granularity is further enhanced by the innovative Power Reduction Register technology.

In idle sleep mode all peripherals operate while the CPU is sleeping to reduce the power consumption. with

up to 50%, while event handling, communication and data input/output still run.

In power-save mode, XMEGA uses 650nA to run the Real Time Counter and have full SRAM and register

retention offering industry leading low power numbers. Enabling Watchdog and Brown Out adds only 1uA.

In power-down mode, XMEGA uses only 100nA with SRAM and register retetion, and 5us wake-up time

from pin change on any I/O pin and TWI address match.

Standby and extended standby sleep modes are identical to power-down and power-save, except the

external oscillator is kept running to reduce wake-up time.

CPU

I/O AC ADC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

ASYNC. CLK

MAIN CLK

CPU

I/O AC ADC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

Idle mode

CPU

I/O AC ADC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

ASYNC.

CLK.

MAIN

CLK.

BOD

CPU

I/O AC ADC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

BOD

CPU

I/O AC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

ADC

ASYNC.

BOD

CPU

I/O AC ADC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

ASYNC.

CLK.

MAIN

CLK.

BOD

CPU

I/O AC ADC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

BOD

CPU

I/O AC

FLASH

WDT

T/C

CHANGE

INT. DMA

EVENT

SYS.

TWI SPI USART

ADC

ASYNC.

BOD

Power-save mode Power-down mode

The new XMEGA microcontrollers feature

- Based on the AVR CPU

- Increased CPU speed -> 32 MHz

- Supports ultralow 1.6 Volt operation

- Reduced power consumption

- Off-loads the CPU

- Reducing power usage

- Up to 8 simultaneous events

-> 100% predictable response time

- Up to 32 MIPS

- Single cycle execution

- Instruction set optimized for C

- 32x8 general purpose registers

- hardware multiplier

-> Perfect for 8/16-bit applications

- Supports both AES and DES

- Reducing CPU time and power consumption

- Minimal CPU overhead for secure communication

- Off-loads the CPU

- Saves power

- 4-channels

-> Fast transfer between memories

and peripherals - 16-bit (32-bit cascaded)

- Advanced Waveform eXtensions

- 16-bit RTC

XMEGA includes a programmable and sampled BOD and a low

power, CPU independent Watch-dog timer.

XMEGA has flexible I/O pin conguration, sensing, and wake-up

signaling plus programmable multi-level interrupt Controller

- Internal 32 kHz, 2 MHz, 32 MHz + PLL

- 1% accuracy

- External oscillator or clock input

- Dynamic and safe clock switching

- 1x - 2048x prescaling

- Short wake-up from sleep modes

- FAST and SECURE!

- Up to 384 KB FLASH

- Up to 4 KB EEPROM

- Up to 32 KB SRAM

- 12-bit resolution

- 2 Msps ADC

- 1 Msps DAC

- analog comparator

- USART + SPI + Two-Wire Interface (I2C compatible)

- External Bus Interface

- Debugging/Programming

AVR XMEGA™ MICROCONTOLLERS Everywhere You Are®

System Performance

For Embedded systems, system performance is much more than a good MIPS number. It is important to

have powerful peripherals and features that allow the application to run smoothly with minimum power

consumption.

AVR CPU and Instruction Set

The AVR XMEGA uses the AVR RISC CPU which is

created for high level C code development. The instruc-

tion set and CPU design are tuned for minimum code size

and maximum execution speed. Due to the true single

cycle execution of arithmetic and logic operations, AVR

microcontrollers perform close to 1 MIPS per MHz.

Event System

The innovative AVR XMEGA Event System allow peripherals to send signals (events) directly to other peripherals

without involving the CPU. This ensures short and 100% predictable response time and at the same time

ofﬂoads the CPU.

ALU

32 General

Purpose

Registers

Central in the AVR architecture is the fast-access register ﬁle with 32 x 8-bit

general purpose working registers directly connected to the Arithmetic Logic

Unit. Within a single clock cycle the ALU can be fed two arbitrary registers, do a

requested operation, and write back the result.

The AVR XMEGA instruction set also support atomic 16-bit register access,

32-bit arithmetics, and have three 24-bit memory pointers.

Without Event System all Peripheral Requests need to be handled

by the CPU.

With Event System peripherals can send signals (events) to other

peripherals.

C Source:

unsigned char *var1, *var2;

*var1++ = *--var2;

Generated assembly code:

LD R16, -x

ST z+, R16

Auto increment/Decrement example

www.atmel.com

DMA Controller

The AVR XMEGA’s 4-channel Direct Memory

Access (DMA) Controller enables fast, CPU

independent data transfer between any locations

in the data memory space and the peripherals.

Flexible channel priority selection, several address-

ing modes and double buffering capabilities. The DMA Controller a powerful module for all data oriented

applications such as signal processing and industrial control. Each DMA transfer can range from 1 byte to

16 Mbytes, increasing CPU computing performance and lowering power consumption.

Crypto Engine

AVR XMEGA includes a crypto engine for 64-bit DES and 128-bit

AES encryption and decryption.

There are no export limitations for the AVR XMEGA with crypto

engine, so using XMEGA for crypto function do not limit where you

can sell your product.

Analog and Digital Conversion

CPU load at various communication speeds

SPI

(kbps) with DMA No DMA UART

(kbps) with DMA No DMA

250 0 % 8 % 19.2 0 % 1 %

500 0 % 16 % 116.2 0 % 3 %

1 1 % 30 % 921.6 1 % 26 %

2 1 % 57 % 1.2 1 % 34 %

4 2 % 98 % 2 1 % 58 %

MSB

without DMA

with DMA

100% CPU usage

Communication rate

ADC

12-bit Compare

Function

VREF

DAC

TEMP. SENSOR

8 - 16 External

Pin Inputs

4 x 8 External

Dierential

Pin Inputs

Gain stage

1-64x

AVR XMEGA is highly integrated

with high performance 12-bit

ADC and DAC. The ADC sup-

port up to 2 million samples

per second. The DAC has con-

version rates up to 1 msps and

comes with built-in offset and

gain compensation. XMEGA

also include several analog

comparators with window func-

tion and ﬂexible input selection.

DES

8 bytes data

8 bytes key

16 clock cycles

8 bytes cipher

AES

16 bytes data

16 bytes key

375 clock cycles

16 bytes cipher

Data

Secure Data

AVR XMEGA™ MICROCONTOLLERS Everywhere You Are®

Clock System

AVR XMEGA’s clock system allow ﬂexible change of frequency. Dynamic Clock Switching allows the Embedded

Designer to tune performance and power consumption to ﬁt the application. The internal PLL and prescaler

can be used to scale the clock sources dynamically up or down to further match application requirements.

With a built-in External Oscillator failure detection and internal RC oscillator with ± 1% accuracy over tempera-

ture and voltage, XMEGA offers the most safe, reliable and ﬂexible clock system.

Interrupt Controller

AVR XMEGA include a multi level interrupt controller. Three priority

levels are supported, where higher level interrupts are prioritized and

executed before low level interrupts. All peripherals can be assigned

any interrupt level.

Automatic

Calibration Internal

Clock

Sources

External

Clock

Sources

High

Frequency

PLL

Prescaler

Block

Reference

clkCPU

clkPER

clkPER2

clkPER4

clkRTC

High-level

Medium-level

Low-level

Program Flow and Interrupt execution

1 2 3 4 5

Main

HOLD

High-level

Medium-level

Program Flow and Interrupt execution

1 2 3 4

Main

Medium-level

HOLD

Input and Output

AVR XMEGA offers ﬂexible I/O pin conﬁguration with various sensing,

wake-up, synchronous/asynchronous, and driver settings. I/O pin’s

direction, value and logic state are read through separate registers.

The optional Slew-Rate limitation reduces EMI. Virtual ports regis-

ters allow single cycle pin manipulation. This makes software for

bit-banging smaller and faster.

A higher level interrupt will halt execution of a lower level interrupt

routine. The lower level interrupt routine will continue and ﬁnish

after the higher level interrupt routine ﬁnishes.

A second interrupt at an interrupt level already being serviced, will

pend until the ﬁrst interrupt routine ﬁnishes.

www.atmel.com

Timer/Counters

All AVR XMEGA Timer/Counter modules are 16-bit with Input

Capture and Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) functionality. Up

to 128 MHz PWM is possible from internal PLL by using the Hi-

Res extension. Using the Event System and Advanced Waveform

Extension (AWeX) and high resolution extention, implementation of

advanced motor control (AC, BLDC, SR, and Stepper) and power

control applications is made easy.

Interfaces

AVR XMEGA comes with various interfaces that combined with DMA or Event System creates a powerful and

fast communication platform.

USART

Full asynchronous and clocked synchronous

operation.

• Fractional BAUD Rate Generator

• Master SPI mode

• IRCOM module for IrDA Compliance

• Up to 4 Mbps communication

SPI

Fast full duplex synchronous serial communication

• Master and Slave Operation

• Up to 16 Mbps communication

EBI

External Bus Interface, for easy access to

• SRAM

• SDRAM

• External peripherals (e.g. LCDs)

• Memory mapped devices

TWI (The Two Wire Interface)

Bi-directional 2-wire bus communication,

• I2C and SMBus compliant

• Slave operates in all Sleep Modes

• Full 100 kHz and 400 kHz support

• Master and Slave operation

Normal mode of operation, counting up or down

CNT

BOT

MAX

"update "

PER

CNT written

DIRECTION

CNT

MAX

New Period written to

PERBUF that is higher

than current CNT

New Period written to

PERBUF that is lower

than current CNT

"update "

"write"

New PER is updated

with PERBUF value.

BOT

AWeX Dead Time Insertion (DTI) with separate high side and

low side period

DTI CNT

T/C output

high side output

low side output

low side

high side

events

CNT

PER

BOT

Capture 0 Capture 1 Capture 2 Capture 3

"capture "

Period (T)

external signal

events

CNT

MAX

BOT

"capture "

Changing the period with buffering in dual slope mode Input capture of pin change using the Event System

Frequency capture of an external signal

Timer/Counter

Base Counter

Timer Period(PER)

Counter(CNT)

Logic Control

Compare/Capture Channel n

Capture Control

Waveform

Generation

Comparator

Buer

AWeX

Dead-Time

Insertion

Pattern Generator

Fault Protection

clkPER4

Hi-Res

Ports

clkPER

Prescaler

Event System

www.atmel.com

Ease of use

AVR XMEGA microcontrollers beneﬁt from the already existing AVR tools- and software chain. With a large

ecosystem including hardware, software, documentation, and partners available, embedded developers

will ﬁnd it easy to succeed with the XMEGA!

AVR Tools — quality and low cost

http://www.atmel.com/avr

Selection Guides, Data Sheets and Errata Sheets

Application Notes and Reference Library

Atmel and Third Party Tools

Software, User Guides

Consultants, Distributors and Atmel Representatives

http://support.atmel.no

Ofﬁcial Atmel MCU technical support center with FAQ and

email notiﬁcation service

http://www.avrtv.com

Ofﬁcial AVR podcasts

http://www.avrfreaks.net

AVR Experts Discussion Forum, Selection Guides for Tools and

Products, Third Party Tools Information, FAQs

Debugging and Programming

All XMEGA devices include a non-intrusive On-Chip Debug system that requires no device resources.

This gives real time access to all peripheral registers, data and program memories, and support unlimited

number of break points. XMEGA has a fast, serial programming interface for production line- or in system

programming. Using a bootloader XMEGA can receive ﬂash upgrades in the ﬁeld through any interface

without reset or halt of critical program execution. The crypto engine and a serial number in each device

ease implementation of safe crypto bootloaders, networking applications, authentication and life cycle

product tracking.

AVR Documentation and Software — ready, steady, go!

With both devices and tools available designers need good documentation. From the smallest devices to

the largest processors, reference datasheets describing features and use are available from the Atmel web

pages. Free application notes and library with complete code make it easy to start development. Partner

software brings your product to the market with no hassle.

Support

On our dedicated MCU pages you can easily submit questions and get technical support. All relevant AVR

XMEGA FAQs, datasheets, application notes, and software are also available online:

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