Casio CFX-9970G Manuale utente

Basic Operation

1-1 Before Starting Calculations...

1-2 Memory

1-3 Option (OPTN) Menu

1-4 Variable Data (VARS) Menu

1-5 Program (PRGM) Menu

Chapter

1-1 Before Starting Calculations...

Before performing a calculation for the first time, you should use the set up screen

to specify the angle unit and display format.

kSetting the Angle Unit (Angle)

1. Display the set up screen and use the fand ckeys to highlight “Angle”.

2. Press the function key for the angle unit you want to specify.

•{Deg}/{Rad}/{Gra} ... {degrees}/{radians}/{grads}

3. Press Jto return to the screen that was on the display when you started the

procedure.

• The relationship between degrees, grads, and radians is shown below.

360°= 2πradians = 400 grads

90°= π/2 radians = 100 grads

kSetting the Display Format (Display)

1. Display the set up screen and use the fand ckeys to highlight “Display”.

2. Press the function key for the item you want to set.

•{Fix}/{Sci}/{Norm}/{Eng} ... {fixed number of decimal places specification}/

{number of significant digits specification}/{exponential format display

range toggle}/{Engineering Mode}

3. Press Jto return to the screen that was on the display when you started the

procedure.

uTo specify the number of decimal places (Fix)

Example To specify two decimal places

1(Fix) 3(2)

Press the function key that corresponds to the

number of decimal places you want to specify

(

= 0 to 9).

• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of decimal places you specify.

Symbol Meaning Unit

E Exa 1018

P Peta 1015

T Tera 1012

G Giga 109

M Mega 106

k kilo 103

Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1

uTo specify the number of significant digits (Sci)

Example To specify three significant digits

2(Sci) 4(3)

Press the function key that corresponds to

the number of significant digits you want to

specify (

= 0 to 9).

• Displayed values are rounded off to the number of significant digits you specify.

• Specifying 0 makes the number of significant digits 10.

uTo specify the exponential display range (Norm 1/Norm 2)

Press 3(Norm) to switch between Norm 1 and Norm 2.

Norm 1: 10–2 (0.01)>|x|, |x| >1010

Norm 2: 10–9 (0.000000001)>|x|, |x| >1010

uTo specify the engineering notation display (Eng)

Press 4(Eng) to switch between engineering notation and standard notation.

The indicator “/E” is on the display while engineering notation is in effect.

The following are the 11 engineering notation symbols used by this calculator.

• The engineering symbol that makes the mantissa a value from 1 to 1000 is

automatically selected by the calculator when engineering notation is in effect.

Symbol Meaning Unit

m milli 10–3

µmicro 10–6

n nano 10–9

p pico 10–12

f femto 10–15

1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...

kInputting Calculations

When you are ready to input a calculation, first press Ato clear the display.

Next, input your calculation formulas exactly as they are written, from left to right,

and press wto obtain the result.

Example 1 2 + 3 – 4 + 10 =

Ac+d-e+baw

Example 2 2(5 + 4) ÷(23 ×5) =

Ac(f+e)/

(cd*f)w

kCalculation Priority Sequence

This calculator employs true algebraic logic to calculate the parts of a formula in

the following order:

1Coordinate transformation Pol (x, y), Rec (r,

)

Differentials, quadratic differentials, integrations, Σcalculations

d/dx, d2/dx2, ∫dx, Σ, Mat, Solve, FMin, FMax, List→Mat, Fill, Seq, SortA, SortD,

Min, Max, Median, Mean,Augment, Mat→List, List

ALGBR Mode unique commands

expand(, factor(, tExpand(, tCollect(, ∫ (, diff(, solve(, tanLine(, collect(,

combine(, sequence(, sumSeq(, expToTrig(, trigToExp(, signum(

2Type A functions

With these functions, the value is entered and then the function key is pressed.

x2, x–1, x!, °’ ”, ENG symbols

3Power/root ^(xy), x

4Fractions ab/c

5Abbreviated multiplication format in front of π, memory name, or variable name.

2π, 5A, X min, F Start, etc.

6Type B functions

With these functions, the function key is pressed and then the value is entered.

, 3, log, In, ex, 10x, sin, cos, tan, sin–1, cos–1, tan–1, sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh–1,

cosh–1, tanh–1, (–), d, h, b, o, Neg, Not, Det, Trn, Dim, Identity, Sum, Prod,

Cuml, Percent, AList

7Abbreviated multiplication format in front of Type B functions

2, A log2, etc.3

8Permutation, combination nPr, nCr

9×, / (÷)

0+, –

!Relational operator

=, G, >, <, ≥, ≤

@And, and

#Or, or, xor, xnor

• Execution is normally performed from left to right, except in the following cases

when it is performed from right to left.

·When functions with the same priority are used in series:

exIn →ex{In( )}

120 120

·When power calculations are used in series in theALGBR Mode:

[5^3^2 →5^(3^2)]

·To produce the same result in the RUN Mode, the above calculation should

be input: (5^3)^2

• Compound functions are executed from right to left.

• Anything contained within parentheses receives highest priority.

Example 2 + 3 ×(log sin2π2+ 6.8) = 22.07101691 (angle unit = Rad)

kMultiplication Operations without a Multiplication Sign

You can omit the multiplication sign (×) in any of the following operations.

Example 2sin30, 10log1.2, 2 , 2Pol(5, 12), etc.

• Before constants, variable names, memory names

Example 2π, 2AB, 3Ans, 3Y1, etc.

• Before an open parenthesis

Example 3(5 + 6), (A + 1)(B – 1), etc.

Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1

1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...

kStacks

The unit employs memory blocks, called

stacks

, for storage of low priority values

and commands. There is a 10-level

numeric value stack

, a 26-level

command

stack

, and a 10-level

program subroutine stack

. An error occurs if you perform a

calculation so complex that it exceeds the capacity of available numeric value

stack or command stack space, or if execution of a program subroutine exceeds

the capacity of the subroutine stack.

Example

• Calculations are performed according to the priority sequence. Once a

calculation is executed, it is cleared from the stack.

• Storing a complex number takes up two numeric value stack levels.

• Storing a two-byte function takes up two command stack levels.

kInput, Output and Operation Limitations

The allowable range for both input and output values is 10 digits for the mantissa

and 2 digits for the exponent. Internally, however, the unit performs calculations

using 15 digits for the mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent.

Example 3 ×105÷7 – 42857 =

AdEf/hw

dEf/h-

ecifhw

P.16

P.20

(

...

Numeric Value Stack Command Stack

kOverflow and Errors

Exceeding a specified input or calculation range, or attempting an illegal input

causes an error message to appear on the display. Further operation of the

calculator is impossible while an error message is displayed. The following events

cause an error message to appear on the display.

• When any result, whether intermediate or final, or any value in memory

exceeds ±9.999999999 ×1099 (Ma ERROR).

• When an attempt is made to perform a function calculation that exceeds the

input range (Ma ERROR).

• When an illegal operation is attempted during statistical calculations (Ma

ERROR). For example, attempting to obtain 1VAR without data input.

• When the capacity of the numeric value stack or command stack is exceeded

(Stk ERROR). For example, entering 25 successive (followed by 2 +3 *

4w.

• When an attempt is made to perform a calculation using an illegal formula (Syn

ERROR). For example, 5 ** 3 w.

• When you try to perform a calculation that causes memory capacity to be

exceeded (Mem ERROR).

• When you use a command that requires an argument, without providing a valid

argument (Arg ERROR).

• When an attempt is made to use an illegal dimension during matrix calculations

(Dim ERROR).

• When no solution exists for an ALGBR Mode operation (Undefined).

• When the result of anALGBR Mode operation exceeds the range of the

calculator (Overflow ERROR).

• When a value input in the ALGBR Mode is outside the domain of the operation

being performed (Domain ERROR).

• When anALGBR Mode operation in which only real numbers have been input

produces a result that is a complex number while the set up screen'sAnswer

Type item is specified as "Real" (Non-Real ERROR).

• When no solution can be obtained using the Solve Function in theALGBR

Mode (No Solution).

• When an attempt is made to use approx with an expression that generates an

error unique to theALGBR Mode (Ma ERROR).

• Other errors can occur during program execution. Most of the calculator’s keys

are inoperative while an error message is displayed.You can resume operation

using one of the two following procedures.

• Press the Akey to clear the error and return to normal operation.

• Press dor eto display the error.

Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1

P.453

P.450

P.41

P.7

1 - 1 Before Starting Calculations...

kMemory Capacity

Each time you press a key, either one byte or two bytes is used. Some of the

functions that require one byte are: b, c, d, sin, cos, tan, log, In, , and π.

Some of the functions that take up two bytes are d/dx(, Mat, Xmin, If, For, Return,

DrawGraph, SortA(, PxIOn, Sum, and an+1.

When the number of bytes remaining drops to five or below, the cursor automati-

cally changes from “ _ ” to “ v”. If you still need to input more, you should divide

your calculation into two or more parts.

• As you input numeric values or commands, they appear flush left on the dis-

play. Calculation results, on the other hand, are displayed flush right, except in

theALGBR Mode.

kGraphic Display and Text Display

The unit uses both a graphic display and a text display. The graphic display is

used for graphics, while the text display is used for calculations and instructions.

The contents of each type of display are stored in independent memory areas.

uTo switch between the graphic display and text display

Press !6(G↔T). You should also note that the key operations used to clear

each type of display are different.

uTo clear the graphic display

Press !4(Sketch) 1(Cls) w.

uTo clear the text display

Press A.

kEditing Calculations

Use the dand ekeys to move the cursor to the position you want to change,

and then perform one of the operations described below. After you edit the

calculation, you can execute it by pressing w, or use eto move to the end of

the calculation and input more.

uTo change a step

Example To change cos60 to sin60

cga

ddd

Before Starting Calculations... 1 - 1

uTo delete a step

Example To change 369 × × 2 to 369 ×2

dgj**c

ddD

uTo insert a step

Example To change 2.362to sin2.362

c.dgx

ddddd

• When you press ![ the insert location is indicated by the symbol ‘‘t’’.

The next function or value you input is inserted at the location of ‘‘t’’. To abort

the insert operation without inputting anything, move the cursor, press ![

again, or press d, eor w.

1-2 Memory

kVariables

This calculator comes with 28 variables as standard. You can use variables to

store values to be used inside of calculations. Variables are identified by single-

letter names, which are made up of the 26 letters of the alphabet, plus rand

The maximum size of values that you can assign to variables is 15 digits for the

mantissa and 2 digits for the exponent. Variable contents are retained even when

you turn power off.

uTo assign a value to a variable

[value] a[variable name] w

Example To assign 123 to variable A

AbcdaaAw

Example To add 456 to variable A and store the result in variable B

AaA+efgaaBw

uTo display the contents of a variable

Example To display the contents of variable A

AaAw

uTo clear a variable

Example To clear variable A

AaaaAw

• To clear all variables, select “Memory Usage” from the SYS Mode.

uTo assign the same value to more than one variable

[value]a[first variable name]a3(~) [last variable name]w

• You cannot use “r” or “

” as a variable name in the above operation.

Example To assign a value of 10 to variables A through F

Abaa!aA

3(~)Fw

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