Chevrolet Silverado HD Guida all'installazione

USING DIESEL EXHAUST

FLUID WITH THE DURAMAX

6.6L TURBO-DIESEL

THE MOST POWERFUL DURAMAX DIESEL EVER

NOW RUNS CLEANER TOO!

NEW SYSTEM REDUCES TAILPIPE NO EMISSIONS

The enhanced, legendary Duramax 6.6L Turbo-Diesel is the most powerful

Duramax ever built—generating more horsepower and torque than any

competitor. This proven powerplant gets the job done while being friendlier

to the environment.

The improved Duramax uses the latest emission control technology, reducing

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions by a whopping 63%, when compared to

the 2010 model. GM engineers determined the best way to accomplish this

remarkable reduction of diesel emissions was to employ a Selective Catalytic

Reduction (SCR) system that uses Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Reduced Tailpipe Emissions ................................................... 2

Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) ............................................. 3

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Electronic Onboard Warning System ............................................ 6

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) .............................................8

USING DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR)

The SCR system is an after-treatment system, since it treats the vehicle’s

exhaust after combustion.

Here’s how it works:

A ﬁne mist of DEF is injected into the exhaust while the engine is running.

The heat from the exhaust converts the DEF into ammonia.

When the ammonia, mixed with exhaust gases, reaches the SCR

catalyst, the NOx emissions are broken down.

The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) then captures soot to incinerate

it during regeneration cycles.

Water vapor, nitrogen and reduced emissions exit the exhaust system.

SCR DPF Exhaust

Cooler

Combined SCR and DPF

ENGINE

Exhaust

Flow

Diesel

Oxidation

Catalyst

DEF Tank

12345

USING DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID

DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID (DEF)

Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is a non-ﬂammable ﬂuid comprised of 33%

ammonia-based urea and 67% puriﬁed water. DEF is used with diesel engine

exhaust systems to reduce the amount of emissions produced by turning

Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) into nitrogen and water vapor. DEF technology has a

proven track record since it has been used in Europe for years.

Driving Range between DEF Tank Refills

The SCR system uses DEF at a rate of about 1 to 1.25% of the vehicle’s

diesel fuel usage. A full tank of DEF provides a driving range of about

5,000 miles (8,000 kilometers). Since DEF usage is directly related to fuel

consumption, range will vary depending on driving conditions.

Purchasing DEF

DEF is available at GM dealerships and most major truck stop chains. GM DEF

is available in a variety of package sizes to service both individual consumers

and ﬂeets, including: 1- and 2.5-gallon jugs, 55-gallon drums and 330-gallon

totes. For your convenience, listed below are the GM part numbers for the

1- and 2.5-gallon sizes.

• 1-gallon part number is 88862659

• 2.5-gallon part number is 88863523

If purchasing DEF outside of a dealership, you

must use API-certiﬁed or ISO 22241 labeled DEF.

If you need assistance locating DEF, the U.S.

Department of Energy has a DEF locator

on its website that is regularly updated.

You can visit the website at:

afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/def/

Storing DEF

DEF shelf life is typically at least one year, depending on the storage

temperature. It is best stored out of direct sunlight between 12ºF and 86ºF.

Small DEF spills can be cleaned up by absorbing it with dry earth, sand or other

non-combustible material and scooping it into a container for disposal.

While DEF is not listed as a hazardous waste by the federal government,

please use proper disposal methods. Do not empty into drains; dispose of

this material and its container in accordance with all applicable local and

national regulations.

Refilling Your DEF Tank

DEF is stored in a 5.3-gallon tank located under

the passenger side of the cab. The DEF tank

ﬁll point is conveniently located under the

hood, along with other ﬂuids that require

periodic maintenance. It‘s easily identiﬁed

with a blue cap.

It is very important not to overﬁll the DEF

tank. The easiest way to verify the tank is not

overﬁlled is to wait until the “Exhaust Fluid

Range: 1000 mi” message appears on the DIC. At

this point add approximately 3.5 gallons of DEF.

USING DIESEL EXHAUST FLUID

ELECTRONIC ONBOARD WARNING SYSTEM

There is no guessing involved when it comes to maintaining a correct DEF

level with this system. An electronic onboard warning system provides

you with numerous warnings in the Driver Information Center (DIC) to help

you maintain adequate DEF levels, alert you if the DEF quality is poor or

if there are concerns with the system. See your Duramax owner’s manual

supplement for a complete description of the electronic onboard warning

system and its warning messages.

Maintaining DEF Fluid Levels

The electronic onboard warning system will provide

a message alerting the driver when the DEF level is

around 1000-miles remaining range.

Additional messages that must be acknowledged alert

the driver at the 300-mile, LOW and 0-mile ﬂuid ranges

as the DEF tank gradually empties. The ﬂuid level in

the DEF tank must be maintained for the vehicle to

run correctly. If the DEF tank is allowed to run empty,

the system will alert the driver. If ﬂuid is not added at

the next vehicle start, the vehicle speed will be limited

to 55 mph and ultimately to 4 mph in accordance with

federal and state requirements.

Adding DEF to an Empty or Low Tank

Always add at least one gallon (3.78 liters) to release the vehicle from any

speed limitation. Adding approximately 3.5 gallons (13.25 liters) of DEF is

recommended. Once the system is reﬁlled, the system resets itself and a

service visit is not required. It may take up to 30 seconds in park or several

miles of driving to update the DEF level warning.

Maintaining DEF Quality

The quality of DEF in the tank must be maintained for the vehicle to run

correctly. Care should be taken to prevent any contaminants from getting into

the ﬂuid. Only GM-approved DEF, or DEF ﬂuid containing the API certiﬁed or

ISO 22241 label, should be used.

To meet federal and state requirements, the electronic

onboard warning system is designed to automatically

monitor DEF quality. If poor-quality ﬂuid is detected,

the system will alert the driver. If poor-quality ﬂuid

is not replaced within 200 miles, the vehicle speed

will be limited to 55 mph at the next vehicle start.

If the system’s warnings continue to be ignored,

vehicle speed will ultimately be limited to 4 mph

in accordance with federal and state requirements.

Warranty Concerns

System damage caused by using incorrect ﬂuid is not eligible for warranty

reimbursement. Care should be taken to avoid introducing any contaminants

into the DEF tank or ﬂuid.

Tampering with the Exhaust System

No modiﬁcations should be made to the exhaust system in the area

between the engine and the Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF). Modiﬁcations

to the exhaust routing after the DPF are allowed within guidelines published

on gmupﬁtter.com

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)

Q. What is the warranty coverage for the SCR system?

A. The SCR system is covered under the emissions limited warranty just like

any other emissions component. However, system damage caused by

using incorrect ﬂuid is not eligible for warranty reimbursement. See dealer

for details.

Q. Where can you purchase DEF?

A. API-certiﬁed DEF is available at GM dealerships and most major truck

stop chains. GM DEF is available in a variety of package sizes to service

both individual consumers and ﬂeets, including: 1- and 2.5-gallon jugs,

55-gallon drums and 330-gallon totes. For your convenience, listed below

are the GM part numbers for the 1- and 2.5-gallon sizes.

• 1-gallon part number is 88862659

• 2.5-gallon part number is 88863523

If you need assistance locating DEF,

the U.S. Department of Energy

has a DEF locator on its website

that is regularly updated:

afdc.energy.gov/afdc/locator/def/

Q. Where is the DEF ﬁll point on a vehicle?

A. The DEF ﬁll is conveniently located under the hood, on the passenger side

of the engine compartment. The DEF ﬁll location is easily identiﬁable by

its blue cap.

Q. Where is the DEF tank located on the vehicle?

A. The 5.3-gallon DEF tank is located under the cab near the passenger

side door.

Q. Do trucks equipped with SCR have a Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)?

A. Yes they do. The DPF serves a dierent function than the SCR; it helps

remove soot from the exhaust. For 2011, the range between Duramax

DPF regeneration cycles has been lengthened by 75% and is now up to

700-miles. This improves fuel economy performance since less diesel fuel

is required to clean the DPF. (Based on GM testing.)

Q. Will DEF freeze?

A. Yes, DEF will freeze—at approximately 12ºF. If DEF is frozen, the vehicle

will start as it always has. After the engine is started, the DEF tank and

lines are electrically heated to ensure adequate DEF delivery in cold

weather. The DEF thaws with no degradation. Remember, since this

system was designed to operate in cold weather, there is no impact on

cold-weather engine operation.

Q. Does DEF expand when it freezes and if so, how does it impact the tank?

A. Yes, DEF expands when it freezes. The vehicle’s DEF tank and all DEF

packaging is designed to accommodate any expansion that may result

from being frozen.

Q. Can a freeze-point improver be added to the DEF to keep it

from freezing?

A. No, doing so would alter the DEF mixture balance potentially triggering

an “EXHAUST FLUID QUALITY POOR” DIC message.

Q. What eect does high-temperature driving have on the vehicle?

A. High ambient temperatures do not aect the operation of the vehicle.

Q. Is DEF ﬂammable?

A: No.

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (FAQS)

Q. Will DEF containers have a date stamp?

A. Yes, each container should be dated.

Q. How do you monitor a truck’s DEF level?

A. Very easily. A DIC message will alert the driver whenever a vehicle’s DEF

level begins to run low (see DEF levels explanation earlier in this brochure).

Q. Is there a DEF level gauge?

A. No. Since the DIC displays DEF level messages, there’s no need for a

dedicated DEF level gauge.

Q. Is there ever a situation where the truck will not start or drive due to

lack of DEF?

A. No. You’ll never run into a situation where the truck will not start and

drive. However, your speed may be limited (see DEF levels portion of

this brochure).

Q. Can you mix fresh DEF with older DEF?

A. Yes, since adding new DEF does not change the mixture ratio you can mix

the two together.

Q. What will happen if some other type of liquid is poured into the

DEF system?

A. DEF is the only ﬂuid approved and recommended by General Motors. Using

a product not recommended by GM will trigger a DIC warning message and

may damage the SCR system and void the warranty coverage (see DEF

quality portion of this brochure).

Q. Is there a drain plug on the DEF tank?

A. No, there is no drain plug on the DEF tank. However, the tank is designed

to be easily removed.

Indice

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