Cypress CY3274 Supplemento

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 1

AN55427

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

Associated Part Family: CY8CPLC10, CY8CPLC20

To get the latest version of this application note, or the associated project file, please

visit http://www.cypress.com/go/AN55427.

This application note describes the on-board circuitry of Cypress’s high voltage 110 V to 240 V AC Powerline

Communication (PLC) boards (CY3274). It describes the filter, coupling circuit, and power supply design. It also explains

the selection of critical components necessary to meet performance and compliance requirements.

Contents

1Introduction..................................................................1

2High Voltage Board Design.........................................2

2.1 Transmit Signal Path...........................................5

2.2 Receive Signal Path............................................6

2.3 Signal Path Component Requirements...............6

2.4 Power Supply......................................................7

2.5 Power Path Component Requirements...............9

2.6 PLC Device Interface........................................10

3Low Voltage Board Design........................................12

3.1 Transmit Signal Path.........................................13

3.2 Receive Signal Path..........................................13

3.3 Signal Path Component Requirements.............14

3.4 Power Supply....................................................14

3.5 PLC Device Interface........................................15

4Summary...................................................................17

Document History............................................................18

Worldwide Sales and Design Support.............................19

1 Introduction

Powerlines are widely available communication media for PLC technology all over the world. The pervasiveness of

powerline also makes it difficult to predict the characteristics and operation of PLC products. Because of the variable

quality of powerlines around the world, implementing robust communication over powerline has been an engineering

challenge for years. The Cypress PLC solution enables secure and reliable communication over powerline. The

features of Cypress PLC include:

Integrated Powerline PHY modem with optimized filters and amplifiers to work with lossy high voltage and low

voltage powerlines.

Powerline optimized network protocol that supports bidirectional communication with acknowledgement based

signaling. In case of data packet loss due to louder noise on the powerline, the transmitter has the capability to

retransmit the data.

The powerline network protocol supports 8-bit CRC for error detection and data packet retransmission.

A Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) scheme is built into the network protocol; it minimizes collision between

packet transmissions on the powerline, supports multiple masters, and enables reliable communication on a

bigger network.

A block diagram of the PLC solution with the CY8CPLC20 programmable PLC chip is shown in Figure 1. To interface

the device to the powerline, a coupling circuit is required.

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 2

Figure 1. Cypress PLC Solution Block Diagram

Cypress provides the CY3274 High Voltage Programmable PLC Development Kit (DVK) for evaluating the Cypress

PLC solution.

The CY3274 is designed with the filtering and power supply circuitry to operate on 110-240 V AC powerlines. They

are compliant to the following CENELEC and FCC standards:

Powerline Signaling (EN50065-1:2001, FCC Part 15)

Powerline Immunity (EN50065-2-1:2003,

EN61000-3-2/3)

Safety (EN60950)

The CY3274 kits are used to develop a powerline controller and embedded host application on the CY8CPLC20

Programmable PLC device. They contain many user interface options such as I2C, RS232, GPIO, analog voltage,

LCD display, and LED to develop a full application.

The following sections describe the design of the filter circuits and power supplies, including the selection of critical

components for meeting performance and compliance requirements.

2 High Voltage Board Design

This section describes the design of the high voltage (110 V AC to 240 V AC) PLC boardCY3274.

The design includes all circuitry to meet the requirements for signaling on high voltage lines according to the

EN50065-1:2001 standard. The high voltage boards include an isolated offline switch mode power supply accepting

input voltages in the range of 110-240 V AC, and 50-60 Hz line frequency, operating off the same powerlines that

carry the communication signaling.

The design contains transmit signal filtering and amplification to meet the conducted emissions requirements of the

CENELEC and FCC standards. It also has receive signal filtering and signal isolation external to the Cypress PLC

device. This provides a compact and low cost implementation that is adaptable to a wide variety of PLC applications.

The schematic in Figure 2 shows the Cypress high voltage board’s transmit filter and amplification, receive filter, and

coupling circuit to the high voltage powerline. The Bill of Materials (BOM) of these components is listed in Table 1.

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 3

Figure 2. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board Signal Filtering, Amplification, and Coupling Circuit

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 4

Table 1. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board Signal Filtering, Amplification, and Coupling BOM

Description

Designator

Qty.

Value

Manufacturer

Manufacturer Part#

Vendor

VPN

High Voltage Coupling Circuit

Capacitor Metal Poly

Film 0.15uF 300VAC

0.15 µF

Panasonic

ECQ-U3A154MG

Digikey

P11117-ND

Isolation

Transformer

Precision Components, Inc.

0505-0821G

http://www.pcitransformers.com

Transient Voltage

Suppressor 400W

12V BIDIRECT SMA

D10

Micro Commercial Co

SMAJ12CA-TP

Digikey

SMAJ12CA-TPMSCT-ND

Transmitter Circuit

Transmit Amplification

Capacitor Ceramic

1.0uF 16V X7R 0603

C12, C13,

C14, C15

1.0 µF

Taiyo Yuden

EMK107B7105KA-T

Digikey

587-1241-1-ND

Capacitor Ceramic

0.10uF 10% 16V

X7R 0603

C18, C24

0.1 µF

Panasonic

ECJ-1VB1C104K

Digikey

PCC1762CT-ND

Capacitor Ceramic

10.0uF 10% 25V

X5R 1206

C19

10.0 µF

Taiyo Yuden

TMK316BJ106KL-T

Digikey

587-1337-1-ND

Capacitor Ceramic

0.01uF 25V X7R

0603

C36

0.01 µF

AVX

06033C103JAT2A

Digikey

06033C103JAT2A-ND

Transistor NPN HV

40V 1A SOT-89

Zetex

FCX491ATA

Digikey

FCX491ACT-ND

Transistor PNP HV

40V 1A SOT-89

Zetex

FCX591ATA

Digikey

FCX591ACT-ND

Transistor NPN

SOT-23

Fairchild

MMBT3904LT1

Digikey

MMBT3904LT1INCT-ND

Resistor 22.1 1%

1/10W 0603

R14

22.1

Yageo

RC0603FR-0722R1L

Digikey

311-22.1HRCT-ND

Resistor 10.0k 1%

1/10W 0603

R15, R17,

R18, R28,

R29, R30,

R31

10.0 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-0710KL

Digikey

311-10.0KHRTR-ND

Resistor 4.02k 1%

1/10W 0603

R16

4.02 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-074K02L

Digikey

311-4.02KHRCT-ND

Resistor 4.99 1%

1/10W 0603

R23

4.99

Yageo

RC0603FR-074R99L

Digikey

311-4.99HRCT-ND

Resistor 1.00k 1%

1/10W 0603

R25

1.00 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-071KL

Digikey

311-1.00KHRTR-ND

Op-Amp 190MHz

National Semiconductor

LMH6639MF/NOPB

Digikey

LMH6639MFCT-ND

Transmit Filtering for FCC/CENELEC

Capacitor Ceramic

0.10uF 10% 16V

X7R 0603

C16, C17

0.1 µF

Panasonic

ECJ-1VB1C104K

Digikey

PCC1762CT-ND

Capacitor Ceramic

1000PF 1% 5V NP0

0603

C20, C21,

C22, C23

1.0 nF, 1%

AVX

06033A102FAT2A

Digikey

06033A102FAT2A-ND

Resistor 37.4k 1%

1/10W 0603

R19, R20

37.4 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-0737K4L

Digikey

311-37.4KHRCT-ND

Resistor 3.83k 1%

1/10W 0603

R21

3.83 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-073K83L

Digikey

311-3.83KHRCT-ND

Resistor 7.50k 1%

1/10W 0603

R22

7.50 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-077K5L

Digikey

311-7.50KHRTR-ND

Resistor 36.5 1%

1/10W 0603

R26

36.5

Yageo

RC0603FR-0736R5L

Digikey

311-36.5HRCT-ND

Resistor 41.2 1%

1/10W 0603

R27

41.2

Yageo

RC0603FR-0741R2L

Digikey

311-41.2HRCT-ND

Op-Amp 190MHz

U2, U3

National Semiconductor

LMH6639MF/NOPB

Digikey

LMH6639MFCT-ND

Receiver Circuit

Capacitor Ceramic

0.01uF 25V X7R

0603

C10

0.01 µF

AVX

06033C103JAT2A

Digikey

06033C103JAT2A-ND

Capacitor Ceramic

1500pF 10% 50V

X7R 0603

C41

1500 pF

Yageo

CC0603KRX7R9BB152

Digikey

311-1184-2-ND

Dual Schottky Diode

ST Micro

BAT54SFILM

Digikey

497-2522-1-ND

Inductor 1mH 10%

1007

1 mH

Taiyo Yuden

CB2518T102K

Digikey

587-2195-1-ND

Resistor 2.0k 1%

1/10W 0603

R10

2.0 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-072KL

Digikey

311-2.00KHRCT-ND

Resistor 20.0k 1%

1/10W 0603

R9, R11

20.0 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-0720KL

Digikey

311-20.0KHRCT-ND

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 5

2.1 Transmit Signal Path

2.1.1 Transmit Filter

The FSK transmit signal TX is generated on the FSK_OUT pin of the Cypress PLC device as a low amplitude

(~125 mVp-p), unfiltered signal. This signal is applied to the input of an external transmit filter block consisting of

opamps U2 and U3, and their related passive components. The transmit filter is a fourth order Chebyshev response

band pass filter, designed for 1.5 dB maximum pass band ripple. It provides 16.5 dB of gain at the center frequency

of 133 kHz, suppression of -20 dBc at the 150 kHz band limit, and -50 dBc and -60 dBc at the second and third

carrier harmonics, respectively. The transmit filter response is shown graphically in Figure 3.

Figure 3. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board Transmit Filter Response

The power supply for the transmit filter opamps is a filtered version of the VPWR supply. This prevents the relatively

large currents produced by the power amplifier from feeding back into the high-Q filter circuit through the power

supply and causing oscillations. Hence, it is advisable to avoid routing the high current transmit signal near the filter

circuit.

2.1.2 Transmit Amplification

The filtered transmit data signal is applied to the power amplifier, which consists of opamp U4, transistors Q1 and Q2,

and associated passive components. The power amplifier provides an additional 12 dB voltage gain, and is capable

of driving low impedance loads presented by the powerline.

2.1.3 High Voltage Coupling

The transmit signal from the power amplifier is driven on to the powerlines via the isolation transformer T1. Capacitor

C14 provides DC isolation for the transmitter on the device side, and C9 provides line frequency isolation on the line

side.

When the device is not actively transmitting, the signal TX_DISABLE is asserted from the PLC device. This disables

the external power amplification circuitry to save power and make the transmit amplification circuit have a high

impedance so that the receive signal is not attenuated. Note that the transmit filter stage amplifiers U2 and U3 are

always enabled, so that there is no spurious noise output on the line due to filter ringing at startup.

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 6

2.2 Receive Signal Path

The receive signal is coupled from the line into the kit via the same isolation transformer, T1, as is used by the

transmitter.

2.2.1 Receive Filter

Capacitor C10 provides DC isolation. Resistor R10 provides a signal input impedance for the receiver. This resistor,

in combination with D6, provides signal limiting to protect the receiver circuitry from high amplitude transmitter signals

and any large signals coupled in from the line. The receive filter comprised of L5 and C41, in combination with R10,

provides some rejection of out-of-band interference, such as AM broadcast signals. This interference may be coupled

from the line and would otherwise swamp the PLC device’s internal receiver circuitry. The response of the receive

filter is shown in Figure 4. Resistors R9 and R11 set the VCC/2 bias voltage required on the receive pin of the PLC

device.

Figure 4. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board Receive Filter Response

2.3 Signal Path Component Requirements

The values of the transmit filter passive components are relatively critical; 1% tolerance parts should be used to

ensure an accurate response. The opamps used in the transmit filter implementation must meet the following

requirements:

Gain Bandwidth (GBW) > 50 MHz

Voltage feedback

VDD - VSS ≥12 V

Power Supply Rejection Ration (PSRR) > 70 dB

Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) < -60 dB

The coupling transformer T1 must provide a low DC resistance (<0.5 ), low leakage inductance (<12 H) to

minimize signal loss and isolation, consistent with safety requirements per EN60950 specification. The signal

coupling transformer, T1, used in the CY3272 provides 3750 V isolation, a DC resistance of <0.35 and a leakage

inductance less than 1 H.

Capacitor C9 must be X1 or X2 rated to accommodate the turn-on surge, which occurs when power is applied to the

device, as well as surge immunity according to EN 61000-4-5 and EN 50065-2-1 standards. The capacitor C9, used

in the high voltage board design is a 300 V AC Panasonic ECQUG series metalized polyethylene film device, which is

rated for direct across-line application, accommodating the surge requirements of the previously mentioned

specifications.

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 7

2.4 Power Supply

This section describes the power supply design for the high voltage boards. The schematic of the power supply is

shown in Figure 5. The BOM of the power supply is listed in Table 2.

The offline switch mode power supply on the high voltage boards is a standard isolated flyback converter. Bridge

rectifier D7 produces a rectified input from the AC line, which is used to drive the primary side of the converter.

Capacitors C30 and C31 provide charge storage to guarantee a sufficiently high input voltage to operate the

converter throughout the entire AC line cycle. C30 and C31, in combination with T3, minimize the conduction of

power supply switching transients onto the AC line. R41 provides in-rush current limiting.

Inductor L3 and capacitor C29 provide isolation to prevent the 133 kHz transmitter signal from riding the AC line

voltage into the rectifier, creating harmonic energy on the AC lines. The inductor also presents a high impedance to

the powerline so that the power supply does not load the PLC signal. These components provide an additional

measure of protection for both conducted immunity and conducted radiation.

An iWatt iW1690 power controller manages the power conversion. Startup current for the device is provided on its Vin

pin via resistors R32 and R34. When it starts operating, power and regulation voltage sensing is provided to the

controller by the auxiliary secondary winding of T2.

Figure 5. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board Power Supply Circuit

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 8

Table 2. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board Power Supply BOM

Description

Designator

Quantity

Value

Manufacturer

Manufacturer Part#

Vendor

VPN

Capacitor Ceramic 10.0uF 10%

25V X5R 1206

C26, C33

10.0 µF

Taiyo Yuden

TMK316BJ106KL-T

Digikey

587-1337-1-ND

Capacitor Ceramic 0.10uF 10%

16V X7R 0603

C27, C34

0.1 µF

Panasonic

ECJ-1VB1C104K

Digikey

PCC1762CT-ND

Capacitor Ceramic 470PF

250VAC X1Y1 RAD

C28

470 pF

TDK

CD95-B2GA471KYNS

Digikey

445-2407-ND

Capacitor Metal Poly Film

0.022uF 300VAC X1

C29

0.022 µF

Panasonic

ECQ-U3A223MG

Digikey

P11112-ND

Capacitor Electrolytic 4.7uF,

400V

C30, C31

4.7 µF, 400 V

Nichicon

UVR2G4R7MPD

Digikey

493-1229-ND

C30, C31 (2nd

source, 105C)

4.7 µF, 400 V

United Chemi-Con

EKMG401ELL4R7MJ16S

Digikey

565-1411-ND

Capacitor Electrolytic 330uF

16V 20%

C32

330 µF, 16 V

Nichicon

UPW1C331MPD

Digikey

493-1784-ND

Capacitor Electrolytic 10uF 50V

20%

C35

10 µF, 50 V

Nichicon

UPW1H100MDD

Digikey

493-1890-ND

Full Wave Diode Bridge

Fairchild

DF10S

Digikey

DF10SCT-ND

Schottky Diode 100V 1A SMA

D8, D9

Diodes Inc

B1100-13-F

Digikey

B1100-FDICT-ND

Inductor 1500uH 0.2A 5%

Radial

1.5 mH

Taiyo Yuden

LHL08TB152J

Digikey

LHL08TB152J-ND

Inductor 22uH 20% 1210

22 uH

Taiyo Yuden

CBC3225T220MR

Digikey

587-1626-1-ND

NPN Silicon Planar Medium

Power High-Gain Transistor

TSC

TS13003HVCT

mouser.com

821-TS13003HVCT

Q4 (2nd Source)

ST Micro

STX616-AP

Digikey

497-7625-1-ND

Resistor 750k 1% 1206

R32

750 k, 1%

Yageo

RC1206FR-07750KL

Digikey

311-750KFRCT-ND

Resistor 10.0k 1% 1/10W 0603

R33

10.0 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-0710KL

Digikey

311-10.0KHRTR-ND

Resistor 820k 1% 1206

R34

820 k, 1%

Yageo

RC1206FR-07820KL

Digikey

311-820KFRCT-ND

Resistor 3.9 Ohm 1% 0805

R35

3.9

Yageo

RC0805FR-073R9L

Digikey

311-3.90CRCT-ND

Resistor 68.0k Ohm 1/8W 1%

0805

R36

68k, 1%

Yageo

RC0805FR-0768KL

Digikey

311-68.0KCRTR-ND

Resistor 1.00 Ohm 1/10W 1%

0603

R37

1.0

Yageo

RC0603FR-071RL

Digikey

311-1.00HRCT-ND

Resistor 100k 1/10W 1% 0603

R38

100 k

Yageo

RC0603FR-07100KL

Digikey

311-100KHRTR-ND

Resistor 12.0K 1/10W 1% 0603

R39

12 k, 1%

Yageo

RC0603FR-0712KL

Digikey

311-12.0KHRCT-ND

Resistor 6.8k, 1% 0603

R40

6.8 k, 1%

Yageo

RC0603FR-076K8L

Digikey

311-6.80KHRTR-ND

RESISTOR 10.0 OHM 5W 5%

WIREWND

R41

10, 5 W

Vishay

AC05000001009JAC00

Digikey

PPC5W10.0CT-ND

Power Trasnsformer EE-16

3.2 mH

Shenzen Goldenway

EE-16 (5+5) (rev-A)

e-mail:[email protected]

T2 (2nd Source)

Renco Electronics

RLCY-1014

e-mail:[email protected]

24mH Common Mode Choke

24 mH

Shenzen Goldenway

EE8.3(2+2)-hori, (rev-A)

e-mail:[email protected]

T3 (2nd Source)

Renco Electronics

RLCY-1013

e-mail:[email protected]

Voltage Regulator 5 Volt

ST Micro

LD1117S50CTR

Digikey

497-1243-1-ND

Off-Line Switcher

iWatt

iW1690-07

e-mail:[email protected]

Switching transistor Q4 is operated directly by the iW1690. Switch current is sensed across resistor R35. The

switching frequency of the iW1690 is approximately 75 kHz. The basic cycle-by-cycle operation of the power

converter is described briefly in the following paragraph.

With Q4 switched ON, current is pulled from the line through the primary winding of T2. Diodes D8 and D9 ensure

that the secondary windings of T2 do not conduct current during the switch ON time and energy is stored in the

magnetic field of T2. With Q4 switched OFF, the voltage polarity across the primary and secondary windings of T2 is

reversed, causing D8 and D9 to be forward biased. Current now flows in the secondary windings, delivering energy to

the loads. Bulk filter capacitance is provided on the main secondary output by C32. The auxiliary secondary output is

filtered at C35 to power the controller. The auxiliary secondary voltage is monitored by the converter at its Vsense

pin. This voltage is used to implement output secondary voltage regulation by setting the switch duty cycle.

The voltage on each of the rectified secondary outputs is determined by the primary voltage, the turns ratio of the

transformer, and the switch duty cycle, as follows:

)1( ** D

VinND

Vout 



Equation 1

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

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Where, N is the secondary or primary turns ratio and D is the switch duty cycle. The nominal turns ratio for both

secondaries of T2 is 0.13. As the input voltage varies over the course of an AC line cycle, the power controller varies

D to maintain a constant voltage on the secondary supplies. Because the voltages of the secondary outputs are

related by the turns ratios, it is possible to regulate multiple, isolated outputs by monitoring just one of the

secondaries. In this case, the controller regulates the main output by monitoring its own supply winding. The voltage

produced at C32 is approximately 10 V. This voltage is filtered via L4/C33 to further reduce switching noise and

produce the VPWR supply, which drives the transmitter circuitry. The 10 V supply is also applied to the input of linear

regulator U5, which produces a 5 V VDD power supply for the Cypress PLC device and optionally, an external

controlling device.

2.5 Power Path Component Requirements

The power converter is designed for worldwide operation and is expected to operate from line voltages ranging from

90-240 V AC. This results in peak voltages approaching 350 V DC, and hence, filter capacitors C30 and C31 must be

rated to accommodate these peak voltages.

In the flyback (Q4 OFF) state, the peak voltage generated on the primary winding of T2 (the collector of Q4), strictly

as a result of the circuit operation, is higher than Vin. This voltage is given as follows:

)1( D

Vin

Vpk 



Equation 2

In addition, transformer leakage inductance results in an additional increase, above Vpk, at Q4 turn off. This results in

peak voltages approaching 500 V being possible at the collector of Q4.

Resistor R41 should be a high power rated (≥3 W), wire wound resistor that can support the surge requirements of

the system.

Capacitor C29 must be X1 or X2 rated to accommodate the turn on surge, which occurs when power is applied to the

device, as well as surge immunity according to EN 61000-4-5 and EN 50065-2-1. The capacitor used in the high

voltage board design is a 300 V AC Panasonic ECQUG series metalized polyethylene film device, which is rated for

direct across-line application. It accommodates the surge requirements of the specifications mentioned earlier.

L3 should be rated for ≥0.2 A of current.

Capacitor C28 must be a Y1-rated safety capacitor. The capacitor used in the high voltage board design is a 4000 V

AC TDK CD series mid-high voltage ceramic device. This device is rated for direct line-ground applications and

accommodates the surge requirements of the previously mentioned specifications.

It is important to note that a bleeder resistor may need to be used, depending on the discharge path for the PLC

coupling capacitor C9. When power is disconnected, this capacitor will still be charged unless it can discharge

through the power supply. In the Cypress high voltage boards, it was tested that the voltage discharges quickly

enough to meet the safety requirements of CENELEC EN60950. However, other power supplies may not discharge

the voltage quickly enough and in that case, a bleeder resistor (> 1 M0.25 W, working voltage >360 V DC) should

be used.

2.5.1 Protection Circuit

Basic protection against line transients is provided by transient suppressor D1. The high voltage boards employ a

Panasonic ZNR type device with a peak surge current capability in excess of 1000 A and a voltage rating of 275 V

AC. This type of device has the advantage of low shunt capacitance, 120 pF in this case, which ensures that it does

not degrade the PLC signal. Protection against catastrophic circuit failure is provided by fuse F1, which is a 2 A, 250

V AC Slow-Blow device. This protection circuit is shown in Figure 6 and the BOM is listed in Table 3.

Cypress Powerline Communication Board Design Analysis

www.cypress.com Document No. 001-55427 Rev. *E 10

Figure 6. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board AC Line Input Protection Circuit

Table 3. Cypress High Voltage PLC Board AC Line Input Protection BOM

Description

Designator

Qty.

Value

Manufacturer

Manufacturer Part#

Vendor

VPN

Transorb Voltage Suppressor 430V 1250A ZNR

430 V

Panasonic

ERZ-V07D431

Digikey

P7251-ND

Fuse 2A Slow Blow 250VAC

2.0 A

Bel Fuse

RST 2

Digikey

507-1179-ND

2.6 PLC Device Interface

This section describes the circuitry that is directly connected to the Cypress PLC device (U1) and not part of the

transmitter and receiver circuitry described above. In the schematic shown in Figure 7, there are many components

shown that are not required for the final system, but are useful for status indication and debugging. The BOM for this

circuit is shown in Table 4. It separates the required components from the optional components.

The 32.768 kHz crystal (Y2) is required for PLC communication because it is used for the precise timing of the

network protocol and if selected, is also used for the timing of the FSK modulator and demodulator. On the other

hand, the 24.00 MHz oscillator (Y1) is not required in most designs. It is provided as an optional clock source for

timing the FSK modulator and demodulator because it generates a tighter frequency spectrum, which may help with

designs that are marginal to meeting the FCC or CENELEC conducted emissions requirements. The selection

between the FSK modem source is made by setting the CLKSEL pin (‘1’ = 32.768 kHz crystal,

‘0’ = 24.00 MHz oscillator, internal pull-up).

Resistor R2 and capacitor C3 form a low pass filter that is used to filter the received 2400 bps demodulated signal,

which is output on pin RXCOMP+. The filtered signal is then connected to the pin RXCOMP-, where it is further

filtered and then deserialized.

Capacitors C1 and C2 are used for decoupling noise from the power supply. Similarly, C5 provides a cleaner signal

from the crystal to the device, and C6 provides a cleaner internal analog ground reference for the modem.

The I2C interface requires pull-up resistors on the bus. If the external host does not have pull-up resistors, then R6

and R7 should be used. The recommended value for these resistors is 2.4-7.5 k.

The LEDs are optional for PLC status indication (DS2 = receiving, DS3 = transmitting, DS4 = band-in-use detection)

and power indication (DS5). The resistors (R1, R3, R4, R5) associated with these LEDs are for current limiting.

The DIP switch bank S1 is optional for setting the device’s PLC address and I2C address, as well as selecting the

modem’s clock source.

Push-button S2 with current-limiting resistor R8 is optional and is used to easily reset the device to the default state,

instead of disconnecting and reconnecting power.

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