DIMAT OPU-1 Istruzioni operative e di manutenzione

[email protected]

www.zivautomation.com

Making the Smart Grid Real

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Carrer de les Ciències, 149-151

08908 L’Hospitalet de Llobregat

Barcelona-Spain

Tel.: +34 933 490 700

Fax: +34 933 492 258

UNIVERSAL POWER-LINE CARRIER SYSTEM

TYPE OPU-1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION

Rev 7 - May 2019

OPU-1

UNIVERSAL POWER-LINE CARRIER SYSTEM TYPE OPU-1

GENERAL DESCRIPTION - Rev 7 (May 2019)

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

SAFETY SYMBOLS



WARNING OR CAUTION:

This symbol denotes a hazard. Not following the indicated

procedure, operation or alike could mean total or partial

breakdown of the equipment or even injury to the personnel

handling it.

NOTE:

Information or important aspects to take into account in a

procedure, operation or alike.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

1INTRODUCTION 5

1.1 TRANSMISSION CAPACITY 5

1.2 MAIN FEATURES 9

1.3 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 11

1.4 EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION 12

2MODULE DESCRIPTION 16

2.1 BASIC MODULES FOR TERMINALS OF 20 AND 40 W 19

2.2 ADDITIONAL MODULES FOR 80 W 22

2.3 ADDITIONAL MODULES FOR AN EXTRA FILTERS FOR 20 AND 40 W 22

2.4 OPTIONAL INTERNAL MULTIPLEXER 23

2.4.1 MXPU internal multiplexer 23

2.4.2 DMPU/TMPU internal multiplexer 25

2.5 ANALOG OPTIONAL MODULES 27

2.5.1 Speech module 27

2.5.2 Teleprotection terminals 28

2.5.2.1 Teleprotection terminal using single tone 28

2.5.2.2 Teleprotection terminal using FSK channels 29

2.5.2.3 Teleprotection terminal using dual tone 29

2.5.2.4 Teleprotection terminal integrated in the digital band 30

2.5.3 Asynchronous programmable modem type MFPU 32

2.5.4 Others 32

3PARTICULARITIES OF THE SYSTEM 34

3.1 USE OF THE ANALOG BASE BAND 34

3.2 USE OF THE PILOT (ANALOG CHANNEL) 34

3.3 MODULATIONS AND DEMODULATIONS 36

3.4 LINK SYNCHRONIZATION 37

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Page

3.5 TIME SYNCHRONIZATION 37

3.5.1 GPS synchronization 38

3.5.2 Ethernet synchronization 38

4MAIN MANAGEMENT MENUS 39

4.1 SYSTEM MENU 40

4.2 CONFIGURATION MENU 40

4.3 MONITORING MENU 42

4.4 ALIGNMENT HELP MENU 43

5TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS 45

5.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS 45

5.2 HIGH-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTICS 48

5.3 QAM DIGITAL MODEM CHARACTERISTICS 49

5.4 OFDM DIGITAL MODEM CHARACTERISTICS 50

5.5 USER INTERFACES 51

5.6 OPTIONAL BUILT-IN MULTIPLEXER CHARACTERISTICS 52

5.6.1 MXPU internal multiplexer 52

5.6.2 DMPU/TMPU internal multiplexer 53

5.7 OTHER CHARACTERISTICS 55

5.8 OPERATING CONDITIONS 58

5.9 MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTICS 59

5.10 MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 61

APPENDIX A

IP ADDRESSING 64

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1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 TRANSMISSION CAPACITY

The OPU-1 Universal Power-Line Carrier (PLC) terminal is outstanding in its high level of

modularity, allowing the transmission of all type of services through a high-voltage line.

It can be configured to transmit analog, digital or both analog and digital channels

simultaneously, including teleprotection.

When working with analog channels, the OPU-1 terminal can transmit one or two 4 kHz

standard channels in each direction. The effective band of each channel, from 300 Hz to

3850 Hz, can be used for the transmission of data at high speed, various VF telegraph

channels, teleprotection signals or for a speech-plus service.

When working with a digital channel, the OPU-1 terminal can support two different digital

modulation schemes (QAM or OFDM/OQAM). In general terms QAM is more suited for

long lines and medium transmission rates, while OFDM/OQAM is more suited for higher

transmission rates over short lines.

With the OFDM/OQAM digital modulation scheme, the OPU-1 terminal can support a

maximum transmission rate of 324 kbit/s in a bandwidth of 32 kHz, in each direction. A

transmission rate of 160 kbit/s in a bandwidth of 16 kHz, of 72 kbit/s in a bandwidth of

8 kHz, and of 32 kbit/s in a bandwidth of 4 kHz, in each direction, is also possible.

When working with a QAM digital channel, the OPU-1 terminal offers a transmission rate of

81 kbit/s, of which 79 kbit/s are available for user information, allowing various speech and

data channels to be multiplexed or, alternately, establish a channel of 64 kbit/s plus other

additional channels, up to a total of 15 kbit/s for signalling, telecontrol, etc. The multiplexing

of the different services, if desired, can be carried out by using an optional TDM internal

multiplexer that consists of up to three additional modules (speech and data ports). The

high-frequency transmission channel occupies a bandwidth of 16 kHz, in each direction.

Thanks to the use of a built-in echo canceller, the transmission and reception bands can be

superimposed, resulting in a total bandwidth of 16 kHz.

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With a QAM digital channel, transmission at 40.5 kbit/s in an 8 kHz bandwidth and at

20.25 kbit/s over a 4 kHz bandwidth is also possible, over a single frequency slot in

superimposed bands or two slots in non-adjacent bands in both cases.

At 40.5 kbit/s, the transmission and reception channels, each of 8 kHz, can be adjacent,

resulting in a total bandwidth of 16 kHz. At 20.25 kbit/s, the transmission and reception

channels, each of 4 kHz, can be adjacent, resulting in a total bandwidth of 8 kHz.

When working with a QAM digital channel, the OPU-1 can integrate teleprotection signals in

the digital operation band.

Examples of transmission possibilities are summarized in FIGURE 1. In case of frequency

congestion, the OPU-1 can be equipped with additional filters to use different frequency

slots for the analog and the digital channels in the same line or, even, as is represented in

FIGURE 2, in independent lines.

The use of additional filters in a twin-channel analog terminal also allows the transmission

and reception bands of each channel to be non-adjacent.

The OPU-1 terminal can work with different line filters, depending on the backplane type.

If desired, as a solution for PLC networks with frequency congestion, the OPU-1 can

function as a High-Frequency teleprotection system. This functionality enables electrical

power utilities to transmit teleprotection commands between protection relays over

high-voltage lines in a single 4 kHz bandwidth, using 2 kHz for transmission and 2 kHz for

reception. This functionality implies a specific hardware architecture of the terminal.

OPU-1 terminals comply with the International Recommendation IEC 495, regarding PLC

equipment.

HF Teleprotection functionality meets the security and dependability requirements specified

in IEC 60834-1 Recommendation for the three types of teleprotection command schemes:

Permissive tripping schemes, Intertripping schemes (Direct or transfer tripping) and

Blocking protection schemes.

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UNIVERSAL POWER-LINE CARRIER SYSTEM TYPE OPU-1

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FIGURE 1 OPU-1 general architecture for 20, 40 and 80 W

NOTE: The OPU-1 can work with different line filters, depending on the backplane type.

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UNIVERSAL POWER-LINE CARRIER SYSTEM TYPE OPU-1

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FIGURE 2 OPU-1 general architecture for 20 and 40 W with additional filters

NOTE: The OPU-1 can work with different line filters, depending on the backplane type.

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1.2 MAIN FEATURES

Some of the most remarkable features of the OPU-1 terminal are the following:

❖Time synchronization.

The OPU-1 terminal chronologically registers all the alarms produced in the terminal, as

well as the events that refer to the link service. In order to establish the date and time the

alarms and/or events are produced, the OPU-1 terminal has a real time clock, which can

be synchronized with the GPS system or by means of the SNTP protocol.

❖Two digital modulation schemes

The OPU-1 offers two different modulation schemes to better suit all transmission needs

in terms of the quality of service required by the applications and the transmission line

characteristics. Both QAM and OFDM/OQAM are supported by the OPU-1 and can be

selected from the programming software.

The choice between QAM and OFDM/OQAM depends on the required transmission rate,

required BER and internal latency, on the one hand, and S/N ratio and line attenuation on

the other hand. QAM can work at lower values of S/N and has a lower transmission

latency, whereas OFDM/OQAM increases the transmission rate at the expense of a

higher transmission latency and needs higher values of S/N ratio.

❖Automatic fall-back/increase rates.

A remarkable feature of the OPU-1 when working with a digital modem unit is the

automatic fall-back rate when there is unfavourable line noise and/or signal reflection

conditions.

In the example for QAM, see FIGURE 3, the transmission rate is automatically reduced to

half or a third of the maximum value if necessary, that is to say, to 40.5 kbit/s and

27 kbit/s respectively. When the line conditions improve, the transmission rate is

automatically re-established.

In OFDM/OQAM, the channel is constantly evaluated in such a way that the carriers

that are affected by noise or interferences can automatically reduce its base modulation

or even disappear. Also the turbo code rate can change to make communications more

reliable. The two mechanisms combined allow the maximum transmission rate to be

dynamically adjusted, ensuring a correct BER in every condition.

For the QAM, this automatic feature can be disabled from the programming software if

necessary.

The link quality measurement is based on the G.821 standard concepts.

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UNIVERSAL POWER-LINE CARRIER SYSTEM TYPE OPU-1

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FIGURE 3 Automatic fall-back/increase rates (QAM)

❖Ethernet user interface with built-in bridge functionality.

On the front plate of the terminal it is available an Ethernet user interface which is of utility

when using the OPU-1 for the interconnection of different line segments. In this case, the

built-in Ethernet bridge selects the frames to be transmitted to the remote end, thus

making a more efficient use of the communications channel.

The information is multiplexed with the rest of speech and data channels and

transmitted in the QAM signal.

❖SNMP agent.

The OPU-1 terminals can include an SNMP agent to make GET and SET operations as

well as to send TRAP and INFORM notifications (unsolicited information spontaneously

transmitted) about alarms and events of the terminal to the devices specified by the user,

and this makes it possible to monitor the OPU-1 terminal from an SNMP management

application.

❖Narrow-Band High-Frequency Teleprotection functionality.

This functionality is the best solution for PLC networks with frequency congestion. It

enables electrical power utilities to transmit teleprotection commands over high-voltage

lines, in only one standard 4 kHz channel, using 2 kHz for Tx and 2 kHz for Rx.

This functionality implies a specific hardware architecture of the terminal.

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