Echelon LONWORKS Manuale utente
LONWORKS®
Router
User’s Guide
Revision 3
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C o r p o r a t i o n
078-0018-01D
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise, without the prior written
permission of Echelon Corporation.
Echelon, LON, LONWORKS, LonBuilder, LonManager,
LonTalk, LonUsers, Neuron, 3120, 3150,and the Echelon
logo are trademarks of Echelon Corporation registered
in the United States and other countries. LonLink,
LONMARK, LonSupport, LonMaker, the LONMARK logo,
and the LonUsers logo are trademarks of Echelon
Corporation.
Document No. 79100
Printed in the United States of America.
Copyright ©1992 - 1995 by Echelon Corporation
Echelon Corporation
4015 Miranda Avenue
Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
FCC NOTICE
Note: This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A
digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC Rules. These limits are designed to
provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is
operated in a commercial environment. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate
radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction
manual, may cause harmful interference to radio communications. However, there is no
guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. Operation of
this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which
case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense.
Caution: Changes or modifications not covered in this manual must be approved in
writing by the manufacturer’s Regulatory Engineering department. Changes or
modifications made without written approval may void the user’s authority to operate
this equipment.
VDE NOTICE
This product complies with VDE 0870 Part 30 as a peripheral device. To ensure
continued compliance, this product should only be used in conjunction with other
compliant devices.
CANADIAN DOC NOTICE
This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from
digital appararatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian
Department of Communications.
Le présent appareil numérique n’émet pas de bruits radioélectriques dépassant les
limites applicables aux appareils numériques de la classe A prescrites dans le
réglement sur la brouillage radioélectrique édicté par le Ministére des Communications
du Canada.
LONWORKS Router User’s Guide v
Contents
Notices i
1 Introduction 1-1
Audience 1-4
Content 1-4
Related Documentation 1-4
2 Theory of Operation 2-1
LonTalk®Protocol Support for Routers 2-2
Looping Topologies 2-2
Power Line Routers 2-3
Routing Algorithms 2-4
Repeater 2-4
Bridge 2-4
Configured Router 2-4
Learning Router 2-5
Message Buffers 2-7
3 Packaged Router Overview 3-1
Mechanical Description 3-2
Switches, Indicators, and Connectors 3-3
ESD Warning 3-4
4 RTR-10 Overview 4-1
Mechanical Description 4-2
RTR-10 Power Requirements 4-5
Power Supply Decoupling and Filtering 4-5
Low Voltage Protection 4-5
Electrical Interface 4-5
ACLK2, BCLK1, and BCLK2 4-7
ACP[4..0] and BCP[4..0] 4-7
~ASVC and ~BSVC 4-7
AXID[4..0] and BXID[4..0] 4-7
PKT 4-8
~RESET 4-9
~SERVICE 4-9
5 Developing a Router with the RTR-10 Module 5-1
Overview 5-2
Using Predefined Transceivers 5-2
Using Custom Transceivers 5-4
vi Echelon
6 RTR-10 Design Issues 6-1
EMI Design Issues 6-2
Designing Systems for EMC (Electromagnetic Compatibility) 6-2
EMC Design Tips 6-2
ESD Design Issues 6-3
Designing Systems for ESD Immunity 6-3
7 Installing a Router 7-1
Introduction 7-2
Defining a Network Topology 7-2
Attaching the Router to a Network 7-2
Connecting Power 7-4
Installing the Router on a Network 7-5
Router Installation with Network Management Messages 7-6
Router Installation with the LonMaker®Installation Tool 7-6
Router Installation with the LonManager®API 7-6
Router Installation with the LonBuilder® Developer's Workbench 7-7
Testing Router Installation 7-8
Building a Router Mounting Bracket 7-8
8 Network Management Messages 8-1
Introduction 8-2
Standard Messages 8-2
Router Specific Messages 8-4
Router Specific Network Management Messages 8-5
Set Router Mode 8-5
Group or Subnet Table Clear 8-5
Group or Subnet Table Download 8-5
Group Forward 8-6
Subnet Forward 8-6
Group No Forward 8-7
Subnet No Forward 8-7
Group or Subnet Table Report 8-7
Router Status 8-8
Far Side Escape Code 8-8
Router Options Set with Write Memory 8-8
Set Routing Algorithm 8-9
Set Buffer Size 8-9
Set Priority Output Buffer Queue Count 8-10
Set Input and Non-Priority Buffer Queue Count 8-11
Appendix A Communications Parameters A-1
Appendix B Software License and Patent Agreement B-1
LONWORKS Router User’s Guide 1-1
1
Introduction
LONWORKS Routers connect two communications channels,
and route LonTalk messages between them. Routers connect
two communication channels and route LonTalk®messages
between them. They support the installation of both small and
large networks with dozens to thousands of nodes.
The following figure illustrates a typical installation with free
topology, power line, and 78kbps bus topology channels
connected to a 1.25Mbps backbone twisted pair channel using
three routers. Because of the routers, the applications on all six
nodes in this example can communicate transparently as if they
were installed on a common channel.
TP/XF-1250
to
TP/FT-10
Router
TP/XF-1250 Backbone Channel
TP/XF-1250
to
PL-10
Router
TP/XF-1250
to
TP/XF-78
Router
TP/FT-10 Channel 1 PL-10 Channel 2 TP/XF-78 Channel 3
Node 5 Node 6Node 3 Node 4Node 1 Node 2
Figure 1.1 Sample Router Installation
1-2 Introduction
Routers are used to:
• Extend the limits of a single channel. A router may be used to add a channel to a
LONWORKS network to support additional nodes or extend the maximum channel
length. Multiple routers may be added, depending on the capacity or distance
needed.
• Interface different communication media, or bit rates, in a LONWORKS network.
For example, it may be desirable to trade data rate for distance on portions of the
network, or to use a 1.25Mbps backbone twisted pair channel to connect several
78kbps free topology and link power channels. Alternatively, it may be desirable
to use power line for a portion of the network where the nodes are subject to
frequent physical relocation, or if cable installation is difficult. In all of these
cases, a router must be used to connect the dissimilar LONWORKS channels.
•Enhance the reliability of the LONWORKS network. The two channels connected
to a router are physically isolated, so a failure on one channel does not affect the
other. For example, in an industrial control network, isolation among connected
cells may be desirable to prevent a failure in a single cell from bringing down
multiple cells. This would be achieved by dedicating channels to individual cells
and isolating them from one another with routers.
• Improve overall network performance. Routers can be used to isolate traffic
within subsystems. For example, in a cluster of industrial cells, most of the
communications may be with nodes within cells rather than across cells. Use of
intelligent routers across cells will avoid forwarding messages addressed to nodes
within a cell, thus increasing the capacity and decreasing the response time of
the overall network.
The use of routers across channels is transparent to the application programs within
nodes. Thus, application development can be done independently, without knowledge
of the workings of the routers. Routers need to be taken into account only when
determining the network image of a node. If a node is moved from one channel to
another, only the network image must be changed. Network images are managed by a
network services tool such as the LonManager®LonMaker® Installation Tool.
LONWORKS routers are offered in a variety of options so that they can be tailored for
specific uses. Options include the following:
• Integration. Router components are available for embedding in OEM products. An
RTR-10 router and two transceiver modules, one to handle each of two channels
connected by the router, may be mounted on a motherboard, along with a power
supply and two network connectors. This sub-assembly constitutes a custom router.
It can be packaged in an enclosure to meet unique form factor and environmental
requirements. Depending on the application, the package may contain a single
router sub-assembly, or may include other application-specific hardware. See
figure 1.2 for a block diagram of a router based on the RTR-10 router. Multiple
routers may be packaged together for some applications, e.g., a backbone
connecting multiple channels.
LONWORKS Router User’s Guide 1-3
Packaged routers, FCC- and VDE-certified to comply with conducted and
radiated emissions specifications and UL-certified for safety, with optional
wall-mount power supplies, are also available from Echelon. These eliminate
the need to build hardware and obtain the necessary electrical interference and
safety certifications. Thus, they allow direct, off-the-shelf integration into the
user's LONWORKS network.
RTR-10 Router Core Module
Side A
Transceiver
Side B
Transceiver
Service Button/LEDs
Side A Networ
k
Connector
Side B Networ
k
Connector
Power
Suppl
y
Figure 1.2 Router Assembly Using the Router Core Module
• Routing Algorithm. Routers can use one of four routing algorithms: configured router,
learning router, bridge, or repeater. These options allow system performance to be
traded for ease of installation. Configured and learning routers fall into a class of
routers referred to as intelligent routers, which use routing intelligence to
selectively forward messages based on the destination address. A bridge forwards
all packets that match its domain(s). A repeater forwards all valid packets.
A network services tool such as the LonMaker Installation Tool is used to select the
routing algorithm and calculate network topology as well as layer 4 timing
parameters. Both sides of a router must use the same algorithm. LonBuilder®,
LonMaker, or a tool based on the LonManager API is required to install a configured
router.
1-4 Introduction
Audience
The LONWORKS Router User’s Guide provides user instructions for users of
LONWORKS routers and for developers who plan to integrate the RTR-10 router into
embedded or standalone routers.
Content
This manual provides detailed information about the hardware and firmware for
LONWORKS routers.
• Chapter 1 introduces the LONWORKS routers.
• Chapter 2 discusses a theory of router operation and describes repeaters, bridges,
configured routers, and learning routers.
• Chapter 3 provides an overview of the Model 71000 LONWORKS Router.
• Chapter 4 provides an overview of the Model 61000 RTR-10 Router Core module.
• Chapter 5 describes how to build a custom router using RTR-10 routers.
• Chapter 6 examines a number of design issues that should be considered when
designing hardware based on the RTR-10 module.
• Chapter 7 lists installation instruction for routers.
• Chapter 8 describes network management services for routers.
• Appendix A lists the default communications parameters for LONWORKS routers.
• Appendix B includes a copy of the router software license and patent agreement.
Related Documentation
The following Echelon documents provide more information on the router:
• The LonTalk Protocol engineering bulletin summarizes the services available at
each of the seven layers of the LonTalk protocol included with every Neuron®
Chip.
• The LonManager LonMaker Installation Tool User’s Guide describes how to
install a router using the LonMaker Installation Tool.
• The LonBuilder User's Guide describes installing a router in a development
network.
•The LonManager Profiler User’s Guide describes how to import a router interface
(.RIF) file to create a router type for LonMaker.
• The LonManager API Programmer's Guide for DOS and the LonManager API
Programmer’s Guide for Windows describe how to install a router using the
LonManager API.
LONWORKS Router User’s Guide 1-5
• The Neuron Chip Data Book describes the Neuron Chip. Descriptions cover
CPUs, memory subsystems, LonTalk protocol, network communications port,
programming model, application I/O, and additional functions.
• The LONWORKS TPT Twisted Pair Transceiver Module User's Guide describes
the LONWORKS twisted pair transceivers. This is useful for the OEM
implementing a router to interface with a twisted pair channel.
• The LONWORKS FTT-10 Free Topology Transceiver User's Guide describes the
LONWORKS FTT-10 free topology transceiver. This is useful for the OEM
implementing a router to interface with a TP/FT-10 free topology channel.
• The LONWORKS LPT-10 Link Power Transceiver User's Guide describes the
LONWORKS LPT-10 link power transceiver. This is useful for the OEM
implementing a router to interface with a link power channel.
• The LONWORKS PLT-10A Transceiver User's Guide describes the LONWORKS
PLT-10A Power Line Transceiver. This is useful for the OEM implementing a
router to interface with a PL-10 power line channel.
• The LONWORKS PLT-20 Transceiver User's Guide describes the LONWORKS
PLT-20 Power Line Transceiver. This is useful for the OEM implementing a router
to interface with a PL-20 power line channel.
• The LONWORKS PLT-30 Transceiver User's Guide describes the LONWORKS
PLT-30 Power Line Transceiver. This is useful for the OEM implementing a router
to interface with a PL-30 power line channel.
• The Junction Box and Wiring Guidelines for Twisted Pair LONWORKS Networks
engineering bulletin describes the different types of junction boxes and
interconnections that may be used in twisted-pair LONWORKS networks.
• The LONWORKS Interoperability Guidelines provide the guidelines that are the
basis for obtaining the LONMARK™logo, which indicates that a product is
LONWORKS interoperable.
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