Elenco Electronics K-10 Guida utente

SPACE WAR GUN KIT

MODEL K-10

Assembly and Instruction Manual

Elenco Electronics, Inc.

CAPACITORS

Qty Symbol Description Part #

2 C2, C3 .01µF Discap (103) 241031

1 C1 220µF Electrolytic 282244

SEMICONDUCTORS

Qty Symbol Description Part #

1 IC1 LM556 Integrated Circuit 330556

1D1

LED (Light Emitting Diode) Red

350002

1D2

LED (Light Emitting Diode) Green

350010

MISCELLANEOUS

Qty Symbol Description Part #

1 PC Board 518010

1 S1 Switch Push Button 540001

1 S2 Switch Slide 541102

1 Solder Roll 24” 551124

1 B1 Battery Snap 9V 590098

1 SPK1 Speaker 8Ω590102

1 IC Socket 14-pin 664014

2 Wire 4” Blue 814620

PARTS LIST

Contact Elenco Electronics (address/phone/e-mail is at the back of this manual) if any parts are missing or

damaged. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not be able to help you.

RESISTORS

Qty Symbol Description Color Code Part #

1R5 47Ω5% 1/4W yellow-violet-black-gold 124700

2 R1, R2 100Ω5% 1/4W brown-black-brown-gold 131000

1 R6 560Ω5% 1/4W green-blue-brown-gold 135600

1R3 1kΩ5% 1/4W brown-black-red-gold 141000

1 R4 56kΩ5% 1/4W green-blue-orange-gold 155600

1 P1 Trim Pot 50kΩ191552

-1-

Resistor Transistor

Capacitor

Push Button

PARTS IDENTIFICATION

Electrolytic

Speaker

Integrated Circuit

Switch Discap

LED

Trim Pot

Battery Snap

IDENTIFYING RESISTOR VALUES

Use the following information as a guide in properly

identifying the value of resistors.

IDENTIFYING CAPACITOR VALUES

Capacitors will be identified by their capacitance value in

pF (picofarads), nF (nanofarads), or µF (microfarads).

Most capacitors will have their actual value printed on

them. Some capacitors may have their value printed in the

following manner. Second Digit

First Digit

Multiplier

Tolerance

The above value is 10 x 1,000 = 10,000pF or .01µF

The letter K indicates a tolerance of +10%

The letter J indicates a tolerance of +5%

For the No. 01234589

Multiply By 1 10 100 1k 10k 100k .01 0.1

Multiplier

Note: The letter “R” may be used at times to

signify a decimal point; as in 3R3 = 3.3

IC Socket

-2-

CIRCUIT OPERATION

Figure 1 shows the circuit of the Space War

Gun. It consists of two 555 integrated circuits

(IC) packaged in one IC 556. A 555 timer is well

known for its ability to operate as an astable

multivibrator oscillator. This oscillator can put

out a square wave or pulses depending on the

value of the resistors. The first 555A IC

oscillates at about 2000 cycles per second. The

555A IC drives the 555B IC to give the weird

space sounds.

THE 555 IC TIMER

Let’s study the right side of Figure 1 which shows the 555B circuit. Resistor R3, R4 and

capacitor C3 control the frequency of oscillation of this circuit. Capacitor C3 charges

through resistors R3 and R4, but discharges through resistor R4 and the IC. Since the

value of R3 and R4 are 1kΩand 56kΩrespectively, their total value equals 57kΩ. Thus,

C3 charges through 57kΩand discharges through 56kΩ. The charge and discharge time

is about equal. The output at pin 5 will be a square wave as shown in Figure 2. The

frequency of oscillation will be around 2,000 cycles per second. If a speaker is connected

to output pin 5, we will hear the 2,000 cycle tone. When the two LEDs are connected to

this output, they will light whenever the output goes positive. Resistor R6 is added to limit

the current in the LEDs. Resistor R5 is added to limit the current in the speaker.

The operation of the 555A IC differs quite a bit from the 555B IC. Note the value of the capacitor C1, it is 220µF

or 22,000 times bigger than the .01µF used in the 555B. This means that the frequency of oscillation will be

much lower. Also, resistor P1 is made a 50,000Ωvariable. Resistor R2 is only 100Ω. Thus, the charge time

on capacitor C1 is through the 100Ω. With the pot at the maximum position, the charge to discharge will be

500:1. Figure 3A shows the pulse as it appears in

the output in 9. Figure 3B shows the voltage across

capacitor C1. By varying the value of P1, the

distance between the pulses will be made shorter of

the frequency will be increased. At the minimum

position, the charge time will be twice the discharge

time (200Ωversus 100Ω). Thus, varying P1 will

change the frequency between .1 cycles to 45

cycles. This change in frequency adds to the effects

of the Space War Gun.

VOLTAGE CONTROLLED OSCILLATOR (VCO)

The 555 timer is designed to allow the output frequency to be varied by changing the DC voltage. If we raise

the voltage at the 555B input pin 3, the output will decrease in frequency. In the Space Gun design, the VCO

of the 555B is connected to the voltage across capacitor C1. This voltage is sawtooth in shape as shown in

Figure 3B. As this voltage increases, the pitch-frequency of the 555B timer is constantly changing at a rate

determined by the voltage amplitude of the 555A timer.

Figure 2

Figure 3B

Figure 3A

Clock Circuit

555

Output

Low

P1 S2

R2 8

9V 12 711

555A 555B

410 9

N.C. R4

C3 2

R3 14

10 R5

SPK

Figure 1

Introduction

The most important factor in assembling your K-10 Space War Gun Kit is good soldering techniques. Using the

proper soldering iron is of prime importance. A small pencil type soldering iron of 25 - 40 watts is

recommended.The tip of the iron must be kept clean at all times and well tinned.

Safety Procedures

• Wear eye protection when soldering.

•

Locate soldering iron in an area where you do not have to go around it or reach over it.

•Do not hold solder in your mouth. Solder contains lead and is a toxic substance. Wash your hands

thoroughly after handling solder.

• Be sure that there is adequate ventilation present.

Assemble Components

In all of the following assembly steps, the components must be installed on the top side of the PC board unless

otherwise indicated. The top legend shows where each component goes. The leads pass through the

corresponding holes in the board and are soldered on the foil side.

Use only rosin core solder of 63/37 alloy.

DO NOT USE ACID CORE SOLDER!

CONSTRUCTION

Solder Soldering Iron

Foil

Solder

Soldering Iron

Foil

Component Lead

Soldering Iron

Circuit Board

Foil

Rosin

Soldering iron positioned

incorrectly.

Solder

Gap

Component Lead

Solder

Soldering Iron

Drag

Foil

1. Solder all components from

the copper foil side only.

Push the soldering iron tip

against both the lead and

the circuit board foil.

2. Apply a small amount of

solder to the iron tip. This

allows the heat to leave the

iron and onto the foil.

Immediately apply solder to

the opposite side of the

connection, away from the

iron. Allow the heated

component and the circuit

foil to melt the solder.

1. Insufficient heat - the

solder will not flow onto the

lead as shown.

3. Allow the solder to flow

around the connection.

Then, remove the solder

and the iron and let the

connection cool. The

solder should have flowed

smoothly and not lump

around the wire lead.

Here is what a good solder

connection looks like.

2. Insufficient solder - let the

solder flow over the

connection until it is

covered. Use just enough

solder to cover the

connection.

3. Excessive solder - could

make connections that you

did not intend to between

adjacent foil areas or

terminals.

4. Solder bridges - occur

when solder runs between

circuit paths and creates a

short circuit. This is usually

caused by using too much

solder. To correct this,

simply drag your soldering

iron across the solder

bridge as shown.

What Good Soldering Looks Like

A good solder connection should be bright, shiny,

smooth, and uniformly flowed over all surfaces.

Types of Poor Soldering Connections

-3-

-4-

ASSEMBLE COMPONENTS TO THE PC BOARD

R5 - 47Ω5% 1/4W Resistor

(yellow-violet-black-gold)

C3 - .01µF (103) Discap

D1 - LED Diode Red

(see Figure A)

R6 - 560Ω5% 1/4W Resistor

(green-blue-brown-gold)

D2 - LED Diode Green

(see Figure A)

IC1 - IC Socket 14-pin

IC1 - 556 Integrated Circuit

(see Figure B)

J1 - Jumper Wire

J2 - Jumper Wire

(see Figure C)

P1 - Trim Pot

C1 - 220µF Electrolytic Capacitor

(see Figure D)

Figure D

Electrolytic capacitors

have polarity. Be sure

to mount them with

the negative (--) lead

(marked on side) in

the correct hole.

Polarity

Marking

SPK1 - Speaker

Strip 1/8” of insulation off of both ends of

the 4” wires. Solder a wire to each lug of

the speaker and then insert the other end

of the wires through the hole in the PC

board as shown. Solder the wires in the

position shown on the top legend. Cut off

the excess leads.

R4 - 56kΩ5% 1/4W Resistor

(green-blue-orange-gold)

R3 - 1kΩ5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-black-red-gold)

S1 - Push Button Switch

B1 - Battery Snap - Insert the red

and black wire through the hole in the

PC board as shown. Install the red

wire into the positive (+) hole and the

black wire into the negative (--) hole.

Solder and cut off the excess leads.

S2 - Slide Switch

J3 - JumperWire (see Figure C)

R1 - 100Ω5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-black-brown-gold)

R2 - 100Ω5% 1/4W Resistor

(brown-black-brown-gold)

C2 - .01µF (103) Discap

Figure A

Mount the LED onto

the PC board with the

flat side of the LED in

the same direction as

marked on the PC

board.

Flat

Figure B

Insert the IC socket into the PC

board with the notch in the direction

shown on the top legend. Solder the

IC socket into place. Insert the IC

into the socket with the notch in the

same direction as the notch on the

socket.

Notch

Figure C

Use an excess lead to

form a jumper wire.

Bend the wire to the

correct length and

mount it to the PC

board.

Foil Side of PC Board

COMPONENT CHECK

1. Be sure that all components have been mounted in their correct places.

2. Make sure that C1, the electrolytic capacitor is mounted correctly. The negative lead should be in the hole

as shown on the top legend.

3. Have LEDs D1 and D2 been installed correctly? The flat side of their bodies should be in the same direction

as marked on the top legend. If the LEDs are in backwards, they will not light.

4. Pay close attention to the red and black wires of the battery snap. The red wire should be installed in the

positive (+) hole and the black wire in the negative (--) hole. Snap in a fresh 9-volt battery.

TROUBLESHOOTING

Contact Elenco Electronics if you have any problems. DO NOT contact your place of purchase as they will not

be able to help you.

1. One of the most frequently occurring problems is poor solder connections. Tug slightly on all parts to make

sure that they are indeed soldered.

2. All solder connections should be shiny. Resolder any that are not.

3. Solder should flow into a smooth puddle rather than a round ball. Resolder any connection that has formed

into a ball.

4. Have any solder bridges formed? A solder bridge may occur if you accidentally touch an adjacent foil by

using too much solder or by dragging the soldering iron across adjacent foils. Break the bridge with your

soldering iron.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM

-5-

C1 220µF

711

100Ω

50kΩ410 14

1kΩ

IC1

556

56kΩ

SPK1

47Ω

560Ω

.01µF.01µF

C2 C3

-6-

QUIZ

1. The Space War Gun has two ____________ _____________ oscillators.

2. Capacitor C3 and resistors R3 and R4 controls the _____________ of oscillation.

3. The charge time of capacitor C3 is through resistors ______ and ______.

4. The discharge of capacitor C3 is through resistor ______ and the ______.

5. The 555B timer operates at a __________ frequency than the 555A timer.

6. Increasing the value of capacitor C2 will ___________ the frequency of oscillation.

7. Increasing the voltage of VCO pin 3 of the 555B timer will __________ the frequency of oscillation.

8. VCO stands for ____________ ____________ _____________.

9. In the Space War Gun design, the 555A timer controls the frequency of the _____________ timer.

10. Resistor R6 is added to ___________ the current in the LEDs.

Answers: 1. astable multivibrator; 2. frequency; 3. R3, R4; 4. R4, IC; 5. higher; 6. lower; 7. decreases; 8. voltage controlled oscillator; 9. 555B; 10. limit

Build This Great Kit and

Learn How Cassette Players Work

Easy-to-build kit teaches you basic mechanical and electronic circuits. You will

have fun building this kit and learn how a tape player works. Lesson manual

teaches magnetic recording and audio amplifier theory, speed control, mechanical

switching, and much more. Comes complete with all parts including Stereo Head

Phones. Clear plastic case allows you to show your friends your accomplishments.

Requires two (2) “AA” batteries (not included).

Stereo Cassette Player Kit

with Training Course

Model AK-200 Simple and fun to build, compact,

portable, and adds safety to your home

or office. Learn the basics of motion

detector technology while building this

motion detector kit that uses a

pyroelectric infrared sensor. Comes

complete with all parts, PC board,

case, schematic, and extensive training

manual. Requires one (1) 9V battery

(not included).

Uses: • Sentry • Burglar Alarm

• Message Minder • Room Detector

Super Sensor Motion Detector Kit

with Training Course Model AK-510

This deluxe strobe light makes learning fun

and easy. You will have fun building this kit

and learn how strobe lights work. Comes

complete with all components and lesson

manual. Kit uses high energy xenon flash

tube. Learn about transistors, oscillators,

step-up transformers, trigger circuits, flash

tubes, and more! Easy-to-follow

instructions include lesson manual and

self-test. Requires two (2) “C” batteries

(not included).

Strobe Light Kit

with Training Course Model AK-520

Requires soldering iron and cutters (not included in kits)

• Easy-to-follow assembly manual • Lessons and self tests included

• Transparent Case • Includes Headphones

• High Resolution • Belt Clip

The AK-700 is a push button

electronic telephone. It is equipped

with the following features:

Pulse/tone dialing, automatic

redial, a ringer turn off switch, 4

neon bulbs for visual indication of

telephone ringing, clear see-

through case to show the total

inner workings of the phone.

Sectionalized construction and

testing makes construction easy.

Wall mounting cradle included.

Telephone Kit

with Training Course Model AK-700

Elenco Electronics, Inc.

150 W. Carpenter Avenue

Wheeling, IL 60090

(847) 541-3800

http://www.elenco.com

e-mail: elenco@elenco.com

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