3. ∞Ó Ë ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË Ô˘ ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È Ó· ÌÂÙÚËı› ›ӷÈ
Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤ÓË Û ·Îψ̷, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·
‰È·Îfi„ÂÙ ÙËÓ Ù¿ÛË Î·È Ó· ÊÚÔÓÙ›ÛÂÙ ÒÛÙ ӷ
ÂÎÊÔÚÙˆıÔ‡Ó fiÏÔÈ ÔÈ ˘ÎÓˆÙ¤˜ ÚÈÓ ·Ú¯›ÛÂÙÂ
ÙË Ì¤ÙÚËÛË.
10.5 ª¤ÙÚËÛË ‰Èfi‰ˆÓ (Ù¿ÛË Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·Û˘
·ÁˆÁ‹˜)
1. ™˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙÔ ª∞Àƒ√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹
“COM” Î·È ÙÔ ∫√∫∫π¡√ ηÏÒ‰ÈÔ ÛÙËÓ
˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ “V mA”. (Àfi‰ÂÈÍË: ∏ ÔÏÈÎfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘
ÎfiÎÎÈÓÔ˘ ηψ‰›Ô˘ Â›Ó·È “+”.)
2. ƒ˘ıÌ›ÛÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË FUNCTION ÛÙËÓ
ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙȘ ·Î›‰Â˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘
ÛÙË ‰›Ô‰Ô Ô˘ ı¤ÏÂÙ ӷ ÌÂÙÚ‹ÛÂÙÂ. ∫·Ù¿ ÙË
̤ÙÚËÛË ‰Èfi‰ˆÓ ‹ ÙÚ·Ó˙›ÛÙÔÚ, Ë ÔÏÈÎfiÙËÙ·
ÙˆÓ ·Î›‰ˆÓ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ηıÔÚ›˙ÂÈ ·Ó ÌÂÙÚÈ¤Ù·È Ë
ÂÌÚfiÛıÈ· ηÙ‡ı˘ÓÛË ‹ Ë Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË
·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌÔ‡. ∏ ÙÈÌ‹ Ô˘ Ê·›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÔıfiÓË
Â›Ó·È Ë ÙÒÛË Ù¿Û˘ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÛÙ·ÛË ·ÁˆÁ‹˜.
- ∏ ÈÛ¯‡˜ ·ÂÌÏÔ΋˜ Â›Ó·È 0.8 mA.
- ∞Ó ÔÈ ·Î›‰Â˜ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ ‰ÂÓ Â›Ó·È Û˘Ó‰Â‰Â̤Ó˜
(ÛˆÛÙ¿) ÛÙË ‰›Ô‰Ô, .¯. ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ Î·Ù‡ı˘ÓÛË
·ÔÎÏÂÈÛÌÔ‡, Ë ÔıfiÓË ı· ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ ÙÔÓ ·ÚÈıÌfi 1.
10.6 ª¤ÙÚËÛË ÙÚ·Ó˙›ÛÙÔÚ hFE
1. ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÙ ÙÔ Î·ÏÒ‰ÈÔ Ì¤ÙÚËÛ˘.
2. µ¿ÏÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË ÛÙË Ú‡ıÌÈÛË hFE.
3. ∂ϤÁÍÙ ·Ó ÙÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ÓÔ ÙÚ·Ó˙›ÛÙÔÚ Â›Ó·È
Ù‡Ô˘ NPN ‹ PNP Î·È Û˘Ó‰¤ÛÙ ÙÔ Î·ÏÒ‰ÈÔ
ÙÔ˘ ÂÎÔÌÔ‡ (e), Ù˘ ‚¿Û˘ (b) Î·È ÙÔ˘
Û˘ÏϤÎÙË (c ) ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏË ˘Ô‰Ô¯‹ ÛÙÔÓ
›Ó·Î· Ô˘ ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÂÌÚfi˜ ̤ÚÔ˜.
4. ∏ ÔıfiÓË ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ (ηٿ ÚÔÛ¤ÁÁÈÛË) ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹
hFE ÁÈ· ¤Ó· ‚·ÛÈÎfi Ú‡̷ 10 mA, V CE 2.8 V.
11. ™À¡∆∏ƒ∏™∏
¶ƒ√™√Ã∏
ñ £· Ú¤ÂÈ ¿ÓÙÔÙ ӷ ‚Á¿˙ÂÙ ÙËÓ Ì·Ù·Ú›·
ÚÈÓ ·fi ÙË Û˘ÓÙ‹ÚËÛË Î·È ÙÔÓ Î·ı·ÚÈÛÌfi ÙÔ˘
ÔÏ˘Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘. ªË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔț٠ÔÙ¤ ÓÂÚfi ‹
¿ÏÏ· ˘ÁÚ¿ ÁÈ· ÙÔÓ Î·ı·ÚÈÛÌfi Ù˘ Û˘Û΢‹˜.
ñ ¢È·ÙËÚ›Ù ٷ ηÏ҉ȷ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘ Î·È ÙÔ
ÔχÌÂÙÚÔ Î·ı·Ú¿. √ÚÈṲ̂ӷ ̤۷
ηı·ÚÈÛÌÔ‡ ‹ ‰È·Ï‡Ù˜ (ÂÙڤϷÈÔ, ·Ú·ÈˆÙÈο
Î.Ï.) ÌÔÚ› Ó· ÚÔÛ‚¿ÏÔ˘Ó ‹ Ó· ‰È·Ï‡ÛÔ˘Ó
Ù· Ï·ÛÙÈο ̤ÚË. ∞˘Ù¿ Ù· ÚÔ˚fiÓÙ·
ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ‚ÂÓ˙fiÏÈÔ, ÙÚȯψÚÔ·Èı¿ÓÈÔ,
¯ÏÒÚÈÔ, ˘ÁÚ‹ ·Ì̈ӛ· Î.Ï.
ñ ∫·ı·Ú›˙ÂÙ ٷÎÙÈο ÙÔ ÂÚ›‚ÏËÌ· Ì ¤Ó·
Ì·Ï·Îfi ·Ó›, ηٿ ÚÔÙ›ÌËÛË ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi οıÂ
¯Ú‹ÛË.
ñ ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÙ ÙȘ ›ÌÔÓ˜ ‚ÚÔÌȤ˜ Ì ¤Ó· ˘ÁÚfi
·Ó›. ªË ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔț٠‰È·Ï‡Ù˜ fiˆ˜
ÂÙڤϷÈÔ, ÔÈÓfiÓÂ˘Ì·, ‰È¿Ï˘Ì· ·Ì̈ӛ·˜
Î.Ï. ∞˘Ù¿ Ù· ˘ÁÚ¿ ÚÔηÏÔ‡Ó ˙ËÌÈ¿ ÛÙ·
Ï·ÛÙÈο ̤ÚË Ù˘ Û˘Û΢‹˜.
12. ¶ƒ√µ§∏ª∞∆∞
∞Ó ÙÔ ÔχÌÂÙÚÔ ‰ÂÓ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ÛˆÛÙ¿, ÔÈ ·Èٛ˜
ÌÔÚ› Ó· Â›Ó·È ÔÈ ÂÍ‹˜:
1. ∆Ô ÔχÌÂÙÚÔ ‰ÂÓ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ Ù›ÔÙ· ÛÙËÓ ÔıfiÓË.
ñ ∏ Ì·Ù·Ú›· Â›Ó·È ¿‰ÂÈ·.
- ∞ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ‹ÛÙ ÙËÓ Ì·Ù·Ú›·.
ñ ∆Ô Ú‡̷ ‹ Ë Ù¿ÛË Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠ‹Ù·Ó
˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈο ˘„ËÏ‹, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙÔ
ÔχÌÂÙÚÔ Ó· ˘ÔÛÙ› ‚Ï¿‚Ë, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ
‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ·ÛÊ·Ï›·˜.
- ™Â ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÚԂϋ̷ÙÔ˜,
ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ‹ÛÙ Ì ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ
Ù¯ÓÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢.
2. ∆Ô ÔχÌÂÙÚÔ ‰ÂÓ ‰Â›¯ÓÂÈ Î·Ì›· ÌÂÙÚÔ‡ÌÂÓË
ÙÈÌ‹.
ñ Œ¯ÂÈ Î·Â› Ë ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·.
- ∞ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ‹ÛÙ ÙËÓ ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ·.
ñ ŒÓ· ‹ ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ· ·fi Ù· ηÏ҉ȷ ›ӷÈ
ÂÏ·Ùو̷ÙÈο.
- ∞ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ‹ÛÙ ٷ ηÏ҉ȷ ̤ÙÚËÛ˘.
ñ ∆Ô Ú‡̷ ‹ Ë Ù¿ÛË Ô˘ ÌÂÙÚ‹ıËΠ‹Ù·Ó
˘ÂÚ‚ÔÏÈο ˘„ËÏ‹, Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ÙÔ
ÔχÌÂÙÚÔ Ó· ˘ÔÛÙ› ‚Ï¿‚Ë, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ
‰È·Ù¿ÍÂȘ ·ÛÊ·Ï›·˜.
- ™Â ÂÚ›ÙˆÛË ÚԂϋ̷ÙÔ˜,
ÂÈÎÔÈÓˆÓ‹ÛÙ Ì ÙÔ ÙÔÈÎfi ΤÓÙÚÔ
Ù¯ÓÈ΋˜ ˘ÔÛÙ‹ÚÈ͢.
∞¡∆π∫∞∆∞™∆∞™∏ ∆∏™ ∞™º∞§∂π∞™
1. µ¿ÏÙ ÙÔÓ ‰È·ÎfiÙË ÛÙË Ú‡ıÌÈÛË OFF.
2. ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÙ ÙÔ ›Ûˆ Î¿Ï˘ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ˘Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘
Í‚ȉÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ‚›‰Â˜.
¶ƒ√™√Ã∏! ∏ Û˘Û΢‹ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·
ÙÂı› ÂÎÙfi˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Î·È Ù· ηÏ҉ȷ
ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ê·ÈÚÂıÔ‡Ó ÚÈÓ ·ÓÔ›ÍÂÙÂ
ÙÔ ÂÚ›‚ÏËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ˘Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘.
3. ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÙ ÙËÓ ÂÏ·Ùو̷ÙÈ΋ ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· ηÈ
·ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ‹ÛÙ ÙËÓ Ì ÌÈ· ·ÛÊ¿ÏÂÈ· Ù˘ ›‰È·˜
ÈÛ¯‡Ô˜ Î·È Ì ÙȘ ›‰È˜ ȉÈfiÙËÙ˜ ‰È·ÎÔ‹˜ (250
V~ F200mAL).
13. §§∞°∏ ∆∏™ ª¶∞∆∞ƒπ∞™
1. ∆Ô Û‡Ì‚ÔÏÔ Ù˘ Ì·Ù·Ú›·˜ ı· ÂÌÊ·ÓÈÛÙ› ÛÙËÓ
ÔıfiÓË fiÙ·Ó Ë Ì·Ù·Ú›· Â›Ó·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ ¿‰ÂÈ·.
2. µ¿ÏÙ ÙÔ ÂÚÈÛÙÚÔÊÈÎfi ÎÔ˘Ì› ÛÙË Ú‡ıÌÈÛË
OFF.
3. ∞Ê·ÈÚ¤ÛÙ ÙÔ ›Ûˆ Î¿Ï˘ÌÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ˘Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘
Í‚ȉÒÓÔÓÙ·˜ ÙȘ ‚›‰Â˜.
¶ƒ√™√Ã∏! ∏ Û˘Û΢‹ ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó·
ÙÂı› ÂÎÙfi˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ Î·È Ù· ηÏ҉ȷ
ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ·Ê·ÈÚÂıÔ‡Ó ÚÈÓ ·ÓÔ›ÍÂÙÂ
ÙÔ ÂÚ›‚ÏËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ÔÏ˘Ì¤ÙÚÔ˘.
4. ∞ÓÙÈηٷÛÙ‹ÛÙ ÙËÓ Ì·Ù·Ú›· 9 Volt Ì ÌÈ·
ηÈÓÔ‡ÚÁÈ· Ì·Ù·Ú›· Ù‡Ô˘ 6F22, ‹,
ÂÓ·ÏÏ·ÎÙÈο: 6R61 / 6LR61 / 6LF22.
Ferm 81
5. ENVIRONMENTALPROTECTION
Rawmaterialrecoveryisbetterthangarbage
disposal.Toavoiddamagesintransport,thedevice
mustbedeliveredinsolidpackingmademostly
fromrecyclablematerialsuchaspaper,pulpand
wood. Wethereforerecommendthatyourecycle
thepackingasfaraspossible.
The multimeter is operated on batteries.
Dispose of spent batteries as stipulated.
Forinstructionsonreplacingbatteries,referto
chapter13"Changingbatteries".
6. AFTERSALES SERVICE
Pleaseretaintheoriginalpacking.Ifthedevice
needstobetransportedagain,theriskofdamage
duringtransportisminimisedifyouusetheoriginal
packing.Ifawarrantyclaimismade,thedevice
mustbesentinassecurelypackedaspossible,
preferablyintheoriginalpacking.AllFermproducts
undergoexhaustivetestingbeforetheyleavethe
factory.Shouldhoweveradefectbedetectedin
yourdevice,pleasecontactatyourServiceaddress
first.
7.BEFORE PUTTINGIN SERVICE
1. Incasethevoltageand/orthecurrenttobe
measuredis/areunknown,settherotaryknob
onthelargestmeasuringrange.Iftheaccuracy
ontherotaryknobisinsufficient,setonalower
rangeandsoon.
2. Ifthedeviceisnotgoingtobeusedtemporarily,
puttherotaryknobintheOFFposition.
3. Theswitchingofthemultimeterisdifferentfor
measuringvoltageandformeasuringcurrent.
Parallelconnectioninvoltagemeasurement
andseriesconnectionincurrentmeasurement.
Inthelattercase,aconductorinthepowercircuit
tobemeasuredmustbeinterrupted.
4. Neverconnectapowersourceorvoltagetothe
multimeter,iftheFUNCTIONswitchisinthe or
position.
5. Neverconnectavoltagehigherthan600VDCor
600Vtothemeasuringdevice.
8.BRIEF SYNOPSISFOR
MEASUREMENTS
Themultimeterissuitableformeasuring:
• Directvoltage(VDC,voltageofaccumulatoror
battery,forexample)
• Directcurrent(ADC)
• Alternatingvoltage(VAC,voltageofthemains
inputofadevice,forexample)
• Resistance( ,Ohm)
• DiodesandhFEtransistormeasurement
Ameasurementobjectcanbeundervoltage.
Tomeasureit,connectthemultimeterinparallel.
Ifthecurrentstrengthistobemeasured,includethe
multimeterinthecircuit(seriesconnection).The
powercircuitformeasuringthecurrentmust
necessarilybeisolated,becausethecurrenthasto
flowthroughthemultimeter.
YoumustnotswitchthemultimeteronCurrent
measurement,forexample,ifyouaremeasuring
thevoltage.Youcoulddamagethemultimeter
beyondrepairbycausingashortcircuitinthiscase.
9.OPERATION (REFERTO FIGURE1).
A. 3,5-digitLCDdisplay(max.display:1999.
Displayofdecimalpoint,polarity,overloadand
dischargedbatteryindication.
B. FUNCTIONswitch:Rotaryswitchfortherange
tobeset
C. hFE-transistormeasuring
D. 10A.Positiveconnectionforcurrent
measurementsover200mAuptoamaximum
valueof10A.
E. COM.Negativeconnection.
F. V mA. Positive connection for voltage and
resistancemeasurements.Upto200mA.
G. Holdbutton
Whenthisbuttonispushed,thedisplaywillkeep
thelastreadingand"H"symbolwillappearon
theLCDuntilpushingitagain.
10.MEASUREMENTS
10.1Measuringdirectvoltage(VDC)
1. ConnecttheBLACKleadtothe"COM"
connectorsocketandtheREDleadtothe
"V mA"connectorsocket.
2. SettheFUNCTIONswitchonthedesired"V"
settingandconnecttheleadstothevoltage
sourcetobemeasuredormeasuringpoints.
Observecorrectpolarity(redis+andblackis-),
otherwisethedisplayshowsaminussignbefore
thevalue.
3. ReadoffthemeasuredvalueinVolt.
RANGE ACCURACY RES.
Input resistance 10 M
Overload protection DC 600 V or AC 600 V Effective
value
(outside 200-mV-range with highest value of 250 V
Effective value).