Garmin Loran TD Position Manuale utente

Loran TD

position

format

handbook

cover.p65 12/21/99, 10:13 AM1

GARMIN International, Inc.

1200 East 151st Street, Olathe, Kansas 66062, U.S.A.

Tel. 913/397.8200 or 800/800.1020

Fax 913/397.8282

GARMIN (Europe) Ltd.

Unit 5, The Quadrangle, Abbey Park Industrial Estate, Romsey, SO51 9AQ, U.K.

Tel. 44/1794.519944

Fax 44/1794.519222

GARMIN (Asia) Corporation

No. 68, Jangshu 2nd Road, Shijr, Taipei County, Taiwan

Tel. 886/2.2642.9199

Fax 886/2.2642.9099

or stored in any storage medium, for any purpose without prior written consent of GARMIN Corporation. GARMIN Corporation hereby grants

permission to download a single copy of this manual onto a hard drive or other electronic storage medium to be viewed for personal use, provided

that such electronic or printed copy of this manual contains the complete text of this copyright notice and provided further that any unauthorized

commercial distribution of this manual is strictly prohibited.

Information in this manual is subject to change without notice. GARMIN

Corporation reserves the right to change or improve its products and to make changes in the content without obligation to notify any person or

organization of such changes. Visit the GARMIN website (www.garmin.com) for current updates and supplemental information concerning the use

and operation of this and other GARMIN products.

GARMIN is registered trademark of GARMIN Corporation and may not be used without the express permission of GARMIN Corporation.

December 1999 Part Number 190-00190-00 Rev. A

cover.p65 12/21/99, 10:13 AM2

Loran TD Position Format

As a convenience to our customers that have used Loran C as

their primary source of navigation, we are now including a

Loran TD position format in our marine GPS products.

The new Loran TD Position Format will allow our customers to

enter Time Difference (TD) coordinates into their GARMIN GPS.

When a Loran C, TD coordinate is entered in a GARMIN GPS, the

coordinate will go through a conversion that makes it GPS friendly.

The converted coordinate can be used for immediate navigation

and/or stored for future use.

For those unfamiliar with Loran C, but want to use TD coordi-

nates in your GARMIN GPS, it will help to have a basic under-

standing of Loran C and it’s components. This booklet is designed

to provide you with enough basic knowledge of Loran C to allow

you to setup and use the GARMIN Loran TD Position Format.

9610

14874.6

32128.1

GRI

SEC

SIGNAL

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:08 AM1

Loran TD Position Format

9940

(M)

9940 (W)

9940 (X)

9940 (Y)

9940

(M)

9940 (W)

9940 (X)

9940 (Y)

9610 (V)

9610 (W)

9610 (X)

9610 (Y)

9610 (Z)

8970 (X)

8970 (M)

8970 (Y)

8970 (W)

8970 (Z)

9960 (Z)

9960 (Y)

9960 (W)

9960 (X)

9960(M)

Loran C is a radio navigation system, operated and maintained

in the United States by the Untied States Coast Guard. The name

Loran is an acronym for ‘LOng RAnge Navigation’.

The Loran C system covers the entire United States and the U.S.

Coastal Confluence Zone. From a mariner’s perspective, the Loran C

system is used primarily for ocean and coastal navigation. It can be

used as a supplemental system for harbor and harbor

approach navigation, and for inland navigation by

recreational vehicles. Loran C will be phased out as a

primary source of navigation, but should remain active

until after the turn of the century. It will be replaced by

GPS. The Global Positioning System provides greater

accuracy and world wide coverage.

The Loran C system consists of groups of land based

transmitter stations called chains. A chain contains a Master

station (M) and at least two, but more commonly 4 or 5 Second-

ary stations designated (V) Victor, (W) Whiskey, (X) Xray, (Y) Yankee,

and (Z) Zulu. These stations are separated by several hundred miles.

Many of the Loran C transmitter stations serve multiple roles.

A transmitter can serve as a Master Station for one chain and a

secondary station for multiple chains. An example would be chain

9610’s Master Station and chain 8970’s Zulu Station. These operate

from the same transmitter located in Boise City, OK.

9610 Master Station and 8970 (Z) Zulu

Station share a common transmitter.

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:08 AM2

Loran TD Position Format

Loran C Chart

Each Master Station transmits a pulsed radio frequency (RF)

signal at a set time interval. This time interval is referred to as the

Group Repetition Interval or GRI. The GRI is used to identify the

different Loran C transmitter chains. It is not important to under-

stand how this number is determined, just that it represents the

Master Station and chain.

After a Master Station transmits it’s pulsed RF signal, each

Secondary station after recieving the master station signal, trans-

mits a pulsed RF signal at a set time delay. As the signals are

processed by the Loran C receiver, the master signal is separated

and used to measure the difference in time with each secondary

signal. The time interval is very short, measured in millionths of a

second or micro seconds. This time difference is how the Loran C

determines a location.

To determine a location, a Loran C must receive signals from a

Master and two Secondary Stations of the same chain. From those

three signals, a set of two TD’s are constructed and using the TD’s a

location can be plotted.

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:09 AM3

Loran TD Position Format

Loran C users can now use their TD’s in GARMIN GPS systems.

The new Loran TD position format provides users with the ability

to create waypoints using TD’s. When a waypoint is created using

the Loran TD position format, a background conversion is per-

formed on the TD’s. This conversion allows the GPS to navigate to

the TD’s location. Don’t worry, this conversion process will main-

tain the integrity of the TD location and has proven to be accurate

to within 30 meters most of the time. The new waypoint can be

used for immediate navigation and/or stored for future use.

Let’s take a look at how to select and setup the Loran TD

Position Format. The Position Format field is located in the

Navigation Setup menu. Refer to your GPS Owner’s Manual for

directions on locating the Navigation Setup Menu.

Selecting the Loran TD Position Format:

1. Highlight the Position Format field and press ENTER.

2. Using the Arrows or Rocker Keypad highlight

Loran TD

and press ENTER.

After the Loran TD format is selected, a new field will appear to

the right of the Position Format. This field, called Setup TD

provides access to the Loran Setup page. The Loran Setup page

contains fields where the GRI-Chain Number and Secondary

Stations are set. To activate the Loran Setup page, highlight the

Setup TD field and press ENTER.

Rocker Keypad

Position Format Field

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:09 AM4

Loran TD Position Format

The GRI-Chain Number and Secondary Station Identifiers that

are set in the Loran Setup page will be used as a reference for the

TD’s when creating waypoints using the Loran TD Position Format.

Note: If you do not have the correct GRI-Chain or Secondary stations

set the waypoint will not be accurate.

The first setting is the Loran Chain Number. Accessing the

field activates a dropdown menu containing the 28 available

GRI-Chain numbers.

Setting the GRI-Chain Number:

1. Highlight the Loran Chain Number field and press ENTER.

2 Using the Arrows or Rocker Keypad, highlight the desired chain number and

press ENTER.

The next settings are Secondary Stations 1 and 2. Accessing

these fields activates a dropdown menu containing the 5 Secondary

Station Identifiers.

To set a Secondary Station:

1. Highlight either Secondary Station 1 or 2 field and press ENTER.

2. Using the Arrows or Rocker Keypad select the desired identifier and press

ENTER.

If a Secondary Station is selected, but the identifier is not

valid for the active GRI-chain, the corresponding TD field on the

Position Page will be filled with zeros. To remedy this, select a

valid Secondary Station Identifier.

Loran Chain Number Field

Secondary Station Fields

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:09 AM5

Loran TD Position Format

Creating Waypoints

When creating a waypoint using the Loran TD Position Format

there are some things to be aware of and look for.

1. Verify that the correct Loran Chain Number and Secondary Stations are

displayed. If not they will need to be changed using the

Setup TD

page.

2. If 000000 is displayed in a TD field, that Secondary Station Identifier is not a

valid selection for the chain. To remedy, select a valid Secondary Station

Identifier.

When the new waypoint is saved, the TD’s are converted to a

GPS friendly Position Format and stored in the units memory.

When the Loran Chain Number and/or the Secondary Stations

are changed, all waypoints stored in memory will reflect that

change. The side-bar will help to explain how that affects the

waypoints.

Navigating

While the Loran TD Position Format is selected the unit will

display the Loran Chain Number and Secondary Stations selected

in the Setup TD page and the TD’s for the current location.

It is important to remember that the unit is not using the Loran

C signal for navigation, but can display TD’s as a current location.

The GPS uses the same process that it used to create a waypoint, in

reverse. The GPS takes that GPS friendly position format and

converts it to a TD for display.

These two screens show the same

waypoint. You can see that when the Loran

Chain Number or Secondary Stations are

changed, all waypoints stored in the GPS’s

memory will reference the new settings.

Remember that when you created the

waypoint the GPS converted the TD’s to a

GPS friendly Position Format and stored

that converted location in memory. The

converted location is used for navigation.

This allows the GPS to reference any Loran

Chain or Secondary Station and still

navigate to the original location.

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:09 AM6

Loran TD Position Format

Remember, it is a good practice to update any waypoint created

using TD’s while you are actually at the waypoint location. Consult

your GPS Owner’s Manual for directions on updating a waypoint.

For more information, visit the

U.S. Coast Guard web site at:

www.navcen.uscg.mil

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:09 AM7

Loran TD Position Format

Notes

Loran C.p65 12/21/99, 10:09 AM8

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