GE GSY51A Manuale utente

GEK

45441

Supersedes

GEK

45441

INSTRUCTIONS

MHO

AND

AUXILIARY

RELAY

for

OUT

STEP

PROTECTION

TYPE

GSY

GENERAL

ELECTRIC

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

GEK

45441

DESCRIPTION

APPLICATION

OPERATION

SCHEME

APPLICATION

CONSIDERATIONS

RATINGS

CURRENT

CIRCUIT

POTENTIAL

CIRCUIT

AMBIENT

TEMPERATURES

RATINGS

TARGET

SEAL

MHO

UNIT

CONTACTS

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

CHARACTERISTICS

BURDENS

CURRENT

CIRCUITS

POTENTIAL

CIRCUITS

CALCULATION

SETTINGS

GRAPHICAL

PROCEDURE

BLINDER

SETTINGS

MHO

UNIT

SETTING

VERIFICATION

SETTINGS

CONSTRUCTION

GENERAL

DRAWOUT

RELAYS

POWER

REQUIREMENTS

ACCEPTANCE

TESTS

VISUAL

INSPECTION

MECHANICAL

INSPECTION

ELECTRICAL

TESTS

MHO

UNIT

ACCEPTANCE

TESTS

(

STANDARD

FACTORY

CALIBRATION

)

MHO

UNIT

ACCEPTANCE

TESTS

(

FACTORY

ADJUSTED

PER

CUSTOMER

SETTINGS

)

INSTALLATION

PROCEDURE

INSPECTION

LOCATION

MOUNTING

CONNECTIONS

MECHANICAL

INSPECTION

PERIODIC

CHECKS

AND

ROUTINE

MAINTENANCE

CONTACT

CLEANING

SERVICING

(

STANDARD

FACTORY

CALIBRATION

)

SERVICING

(

FACTORY

ADJUSTED

PER

CUSTOMER

SETTINGS

)

RENEWAL

PARTS

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GEK

45441

MHO

AND

AUXILIARY

RELAY

FOR

OUT

STEP

PROTECTION

TYPE

GSY

DESCRIPTION

The

Type

GSY

relay

designed

specifically

for

use

conjunction

with

the

Type

CEX

angle

impedance

relay

detect

out

step

condition

power

system

The

relay

includes

mho

type

distance

unit

with

provision

for

offsetting

its

characteristics

six

telephone

type

auxiliary

units

with

the

necessary

series

resistors

and

target

seal

unit

all

mounted

size

case

The

outline

and

panel

drilling

dimensions

are

shown

Figure

and

the

internal

connections

Figure

APPLICATION

The

usual

application

the

Type

GSY

relay

and

its

associated

Type

CEX

angle

impedance

relay

the

terminals

generator

provide

out

step

protection

the

machine

resulting

high

current

peaks

and

off

frequency

operation

may

cause

winding

stresses

pulsation

torques

and

mechanical

resonances

that

have

the

potential

damaging

the

turbine

generator

Therefore

minimize

the

possibility

damage

generally

accepted

that

the

machine

should

tripped

without

delay

preferably

during

the

first

half

slip

cycle

the

loss

synchronism

condition

When

generator

loses

synchronism

the

Formerly

the

generator

transformer

and

system

impedance

characteristics

were

such

that

the

electrical

center

during

loss

synchronism

conditions

generally

occurred

out

the

transmission

system

Hence

the

resulting

swing

impedance

locus

intersected

transmission

lines

and

would

detected

line

relaying

out

step

detection

schemes

located

line

terminals

and

most

instances

the

system

could

separated

without

the

need

for

tripping

generators

With

the

advent

EHV

systems

larger

generators

and

the

general

expansion

transmission

systems

the

impedances

involved

have

changed

significantly

Generator

and

step

transformer

impedances

have

increased

magnitude

while

system

impedances

have

decreased

result

many

systems

today

the

electrical

center

during

loss

synchronism

conditions

can

and

frequently

does

occur

the

generator

the

step

transformer

general

the

protection

normally

applied

the

generator

zone

such

differential

relaying

time

delay

system

back

etc

generator

during

loss

synchronism

will

not

protect

The

loss

excitation

relay

may

•

These

instructions

not

purport

cover

all

details

variations

equipment

nor

provide

for

every

possible

contingency

met

connection

with

installation

operation

maintenance

further

information

desired

should

particular

problems

arise

which

are

not

covered

sufficiently

for

the

purchaser

purposes

the

matter

should

referred

the

General

Electric

Company

the

extent

required

the

products

described

herein

meet

applicable

ANSI

IEEE

and

NEftA

standards

but

such

assurance

given

with

respect

local

codes

and

ordinances

because

they

vary

greatly

Should

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

GEK

45441

provide

some

degree

protection

but

cannot

relied

detect

generator

loss

synchronism

under

all

system

conditions

Therefore

during

loss

synchronism

the

electrical

center

located

the

region

from

the

high

voltage

terminals

the

generator

step

transformer

down

into

the

generator

separate

out

step

relaying

should

considered

protect

the

machine

The

combination

the

GSY

and

CEX

relays

located

the

generator

terminals

intended

locus

passes

through

the

machine

step

transformer

impedance

scheme

utilizes

three

impedance

measuring

units

and

the

logic

circuitry

provided

the

auxiliary

units

the

GSY

evaluate

the

progressive

change

impedance

during

loss

synchronism

condition

and

initiate

tripping

when

the

angle

between

generator

and

system

voltages

900

less

typical

application

the

and

CEX

relays

the

terminals

generator

covered

the

external

connection

diagram

Figure

contact

circuit

logic

shown

Figure

detect

out

step

condition

when

the

swing

This

The

Although

the

CEX

GSY

scheme

normally

applied

the

terminals

the

generator

there

are

some

applications

where

will

advantageous

apply

these

relays

the

high

voltage

terminals

the

step

transformer

This

discussed

further

the

section

CALCULATION

SETTINGS

The

occurrence

single

phase

ground

fault

that

evolves

into

double

phase

ground

fault

may

under

certain

conditions

appear

impedance

swing

the

CEX

GSY

scheme

misoperation

during

the

clearing

such

fault

the

system

suggested

that

instantaneous

ground

overcurrent

relay

connected

supervise

the

CEX

GSY

contact

circuit

shown

Figure

avoid

this

remote

possibility

OPERATION

THE

SCHEME

The

operating

principles

the

scheme

can

explained

with

the

aid

the

diagram

and

contact

circuit

Figure

This

diagram

shows

the

angle

impedance

blinder

unit

contacts

(

and

)

the

offset

mho

unit

contacts

(

and

)

and

the

contacts

the

six

auxiliary

units

(

and

)

The

angle

impedance

units

and

their

associated

auxiliary

units

(

and

)

operate

independently

determine

loss

synchronism

but

their

trip

output

unit

supervised

the

contact

via

This

assures

that

tripping

initiated

only

for

impedance

swing

that

traverses

the

mho

unit

characteristic

(

the

diagram

Figure

)

Final

tripping

permitted

when

the

impedance

swing

leaves

the

mho

characteristic

causing

the

mho

unit

reset

The

diagram

Figure

shows

the

are

closure

the

and

blinder

unit

contacts

and

impedance

phasor

terminates

the

right

blinder

and

will

closed

will

closed

and

when

the

impedance

the

left

blinder

STA

and

will

closed

steady

state

conditions

load

impedance

will

fall

somewhere

near

the

axis

For

example

when

When

the

impedance

between

the

blinders

and

should

noted

that

for

normal

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

GEK

45441

the

right

and

outside

the

mho

characteristic

condition

and

will

closed

will

picked

will

closed

and

will

open

For

this

Referring

the

contact

circuitry

and

the

diagram

Figure

the

step

operation

the

scheme

during

impedance

swing

will

follows

Step

Assume

that

swing

impedance

locus

traverses

the

relay

characteristics

from

Before

the

swing

reaches

point

the

mho

unit

(

)

will

dropped

out

the

and

contacts

are

closed

and

the

two

contacts

are

closed

The

and

contacts

are

both

open

Step

When

the

swing

locus

enters

the

mho

unit

characteristic

point

the

contact

the

trip

circuit

opens

and

closes

picking

unit

which

closes

its

contact

the

coil

circuit

Step

The

impedance

swing

enters

the

area

between

the

two

blinder

characteristics

closing

and

opening

which

turn

energizes

the

unit

Closure

the

contact

picks

through

the

contact

which

still

closed

and

the

contact

which

has

cycle

time

delay

dropout

Unit

seals

around

the

contact

Step

When

the

impedance

locus

enters

region

the

left

blinder

opens

closes

and

remains

closed

opening

energizes

the

unit

and

the

closure

picks

unit

The

cycle

dropout

time

the

unit

provides

time

for

pick

through

the

and

contacts

and

the

unit

contact

which

has

previously

closed

these

contacts

and

the

contact

the

trip

circuit

closes

The

unit

seals

around

Step

When

the

impedance

locus

enters

region

the

mho

unit

resets

opening

and

closing

The

closure

completes

the

trip

coil

circuit

through

the

contact

which

closed

Step

The

description

assumes

impedance

swing

from

right

left

(

)

which

will

the

case

for

generator

loss

synchronism

However

the

scheme

will

perform

correctly

for

swings

either

direction

and

hence

applicable

for

out

step

protection

out

the

transmission

system

well

the

generator

terminals

APPLICATION

CONSIDERATIONS

The

application

out

step

relaying

schemes

generator

out

the

system

not

simple

procedure

general

the

proper

application

such

schemes

requires

extensive

stability

studies

determine

the

following

Loss

synchronism

characteristics

(

impedance

loci

)

Maximum

expected

generator

slip

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GEK

45441

Characteristics

expected

stable

swings

Expected

current

levels

The

relationship

between

this

information

and

the

application

the

CEX

GSY

scheme

covered

technical

paper

information

this

subject

should

request

from

the

nearest

General

Electric

Company

Sales

Office

the

user

desires

further

RATINGS

Refer

Figures

and

available

for

hertz

frequencies

The

GSY

relay

rated

for

120

volts

amperes

The

basic

minimum

reach

ohms

phase

neutral

lead

with

the

restraint

leads

connected

100

the

restraint

transformer

Each

basic

minimum

reach

can

selected

with

link

arrangement

located

behind

the

relay

There

are

two

sections

reach

one

tap

block

;

each

section

marked

and

connecting

both

sections

shown

Table

the

basic

minimum

ohmic

reach

the

relay

can

selected

TABLE

Minimum

Reach

Phase

Neutral

Links

2.0

ohms

4.0

ohms

6.0

ohms

The

basic

minimum

reach

can

extended

ten

times

the

basic

reach

reducing

the

restraint

circuit

setting

the

restraint

transformer

The

following

equation

can

used

for

increasing

the

basic

minimum

reach

the

relay

100

(

)

(

lead

)

Relay

basic

minimum

reach

Transformer

setting

(

)

Ohmic

reach

settings

greater

than

the

basic

minimum

reach

can

set

within

increments

selecting

the

proper

taps

the

restraint

transformer

which

tapped

and

steps

The

relay

also

has

reverse

offset

transactor

with

phase

neutral

offset

reach

ohms

0.5

ohm

steps

The

taps

are

selected

with

the

and

leads

the

offset

tap

block

which

located

the

left

front

side

approximately

the

center

the

relay

The

transactor

angle

can

adjusted

with

the

rheostat

located

just

the

right

the

offset

tap

block

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GEK

45441

CURRENT

CIRCUIT

The

current

circuit

continuously

rated

amperes

with

one

second

rating

250

amperes

Higher

magnitudes

current

above

amperes

can

applied

for

shorter

periods

time

according

the

following

equation

the

applied

current

amperes

time

seconds

Constant

(

2502

)

62500

seconds

—

where

Therefore

POTENTIAL

CIRCUIT

The

potential

circuit

continuously

rated

120

volts

rated

frequency

AMBIENT

TEMPERATURES

The

relays

are

designed

operate

continuously

rated

voltage

current

and

frequency

ambient

temperature

not

exceed

RATINGS

The

voltage

circuits

are

available

110

125

220

250

volts

circuits

consist

telephone

relays

whose

contacts

when

closed

can

carry

amperes

for

one

second

with

continuous

rating

amperes

The

interrupting

rating

these

contacts

listed

Table

TABLE

Volts

Interrupting

Rating

Amperes

Inductive

Non

Inductive

125

0.50

1.5

TARGET

SEAL

The

combination

target

and

seal

unit

has

dual

rating

0.6

2.0

amperes

The

tap

setting

selected

the

target

seal

unit

determined

the

current

drawn

the

breaker

trip

coil

The

0.6

ampere

tap

used

with

trip

coils

which

operate

currents

ranging

from

0.6

ampere

2.0

amperes

the

maximum

control

voltage

The

0.6

ampere

tap

can

used

also

with

trip

coils

drawing

much

amperes

provided

that

the

voltage

drop

across

the

coil

with

trip

current

flowing

not

excessive

The

2.0

ampere

tap

can

used

with

all

trip

coils

that

draw

than

2.0

amperes

the

maximum

control

voltage

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GEK

45441

The

ratings

the

target

seal

unit

are

shown

TABLE

III

TABLE

III

TARGET

SEAL

UNIT

2.0

Amp

Tap

0.6

Amp

Tap

2.0

amps

2.6

amps

3.5

secs

0.18

ohm

0.65

ohm

0.54

ohm

Minimum

operating

Carry

continuously

Carry

amps

for

Carry

amps

for

Resistance

cycle

impedance

cycle

impedance

0.6

amp

1.8

amps

0.5

sec

secs

0.78

ohm

6.2

ohms

5.1

ohms

MHO

UNIT

CONTACTS

The

mho

unit

contacts

when

closed

will

carry

amperes

momentarily

250

volt

control

voltage

However

the

contacts

not

have

interrupting

rating

;

therefore

some

other

suitable

method

must

used

open

the

trip

circuit

after

trip

condition

OPERATING

PRINCIPLES

The

mho

unit

the

GSY

relay

the

four

pole

induction

cylinder

construction

where

the

torque

produced

the

interaction

between

the

polarizing

flux

and

the

fluxes

which

are

proportional

the

restraining

and

operating

quantities

The

torque

the

balance

point

the

mho

unit

can

expressed

the

following

equation

Torque

Cos

(

)

Where

Phase

phase

voltage

Delta

currents

(

)

Angle

maximum

torque

Power

factor

angle

the

fault

impedance

Design

constant

Control

spring

constant

prove

that

the

equation

defines

mho

characteristic

divide

both

sides

and

transpose

The

equation

reduces

Cos

(

)

Cos

(

)

Thus

the

unit

will

pick

constant

component

admittance

fixed

angle

depending

the

angle

maximum

torque

Hence

the

name

mho

unit

When

the

offset

used

the

transactor

energized

with

line

current

which

produces

voltage

proportional

the

current

and

added

the

line

voltage

the

unit

potential

circuit

This

voltage

will

offset

the

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GEK

45441

circular

characteristic

the

mho

unit

shown

the

diagram

Figure

Although

not

shown

Figure

the

offset

can

set

between

and

ohms

ohm

steps

CHARACTERISTICS

The

mho

unit

produces

circular

impedance

characteristic

shown

Figure

The

diameter

the

characteriStic

can

increased

shown

Figure

reducing

the

restraint

tap

leads

the

restraint

transformer

recommended

that

the

restraint

leads

set

below

the

restraint

transformer

not

BURDENS

CURRENT

CIRCUITS

The

burden

imposed

each

current

transformer

amperes

the

current

circuits

the

GSY

relay

listed

Table

for

each

basic

minimum

reach

tap

hertz

TABLE

Basic

Reach

Tap

2.0

0.142

0.110

0.081

0.054

0.065

0.170

3.55

3.30

0.930

0.860

0.430

4.0

2.75

2.365

0.870

6.0

2.025

The

burden

hertz

will

slightly

lower

POTENTIAL

CIRCUITS

The

maximum

burden

imposed

each

potential

transformer

with

120

volts

hertz

applied

shown

Table

TABLE

FTT

Offset

Tap

705

451

12.53

12.84

13.10

13.06

12.93

14.87

14.82

14.66

14.28

13.67

0.840

0.866

0.893

0.914

0.945

0.5

725

417

1.0

752

377

2.5

785

348

4.0

855

297

The

hertz

burden

will

slightly

lower

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GEK

45441

CALCULATION

SETTINGS

The

determination

relay

settings

for

the

CEX

GSY

scheme

need

not

complicated

procedure

Preliminary

settings

the

blinder

and

mho

units

can

obtained

means

simplified

graphical

approach

diagram

and

then

the

validity

these

settings

can

checked

with

the

results

the

stability

study

GRAPHICAL

PROCEDURE

the

simplified

graphical

procedure

the

generator

represented

its

transient

reactance

(

)

reactance

(

)

and

the

system

impedance

(

)

plotted

scale

diagram

the

origin

which

the

terminals

the

generator

shown

Figure

the

system

impedance

variable

the

smallest

system

impedance

should

used

since

this

will

ensure

that

the

subsequent

blinder

settings

will

able

detect

the

smaller

swing

impedance

locus

associated

with

low

system

impedances

This

reactance

along

with

the

transformer

The

angle

The

total

impedance

line

then

drawn

between

points

and

this

line

with

respect

the

horizontal

axis

represents

the

system

angle

With

the

system

characteristic

thus

established

settings

for

the

blinders

can

now

determined

BLINDER

SETTINGS

Referring

Figure

the

distance

from

the

origin

the

blinder

and

angle

between

the

blinder

and

the

horizontal

axis

can

adjusted

separately

for

each

blinder

The

angle

normally

selected

that

both

blinders

are

approximately

parallel

the

total

impedance

line

The

spacing

between

blinders

generally

selected

that

the

point

impedance

swing

where

the

blinders

operate

the

angular

separation

between

generator

and

system

1200

This

angular

separation

can

determined

drawing

construction

lines

points

and

that

are

from

the

total

impedance

line

The

blinders

are

then

plotted

pass

through

the

120

points

and

angle

with

respect

the

axis

shown

Figure

should

noted

that

the

dashed

line

which

the

bisector

the

1200

angles

passes

through

the

impedance

center

the

system

and

would

represent

the

locus

the

impedance

swing

for

the

case

where

the

ratio

the

generator

internal

voltage

the

system

voltage

equals

one

(

)

MHO

UNIT

SETTING

The

mho

unit

set

that

will

permit

tripping

for

all

impedance

loci

that

will

appear

the

region

from

the

high

voltage

terminals

the

step

transformer

down

into

the

generator

generally

connected

with

its

forward

reach

looking

into

the

generator

and

with

its

offset

adjusted

encompass

the

transformer

reactance

with

some

margin

accomplish

this

the

mho

unit

The

forward

reach

the

unit

should

set

that

will

detect

all

impedance

loci

that

can

through

the

generator

but

not

operate

for

stable

transient

swings

forward

reach

setting

which

equal

times

generator

transient

reactance

(

)

would

meet

this

criterion

Courtesy of NationalSwitchgear.com

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