H3C S12500-X Manuale utente

H3C S12500-X & S12500X-AF Switch Series

TRILL Configuration Guide

Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

http://www.h3c.com

Software version: Release 1135 and later

Document version: 6W101-20151130

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior

written consent of Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

H3C, , H3CS, H3CIE, H3CNE, Aolynk, , H3Care, , IRF, NetPilot, Netflow,

SecEngine, SecPath, SecCenter, SecBlade, Comware, ITCMM and HUASAN are trademarks of

Hangzhou H3C Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks that may be mentioned in this manual are the property of their respective

owners

Notice

The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in

the preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information,

and recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or

implied.

Preface

The H3C S12500-X & S12500X-AF documentation set includes 17 configuration guides. These

guides describe the software features for the H3C S12500-X & S12500X-AF Switch Series running

Release 1135 and later, and guide you through the software configuration procedures. These guides

also provide configuration examples to help you apply software features to different network

scenarios.

The TRILL Configuration Guide describes the application scenarios, fundamentals, and

configuration of TRILL.

This preface includes:

•Audience

•Conventions

•Obtaining documentation

•Technical support

•Documentation feedback

Audience

This documentation is intended for:

•Network planners

•Field technical support and servicing engineers

•Network administrators working with the S12500-X & S12500X-AF series

Conventions

This section describes the conventions used in this documentation set.

Command conventions

Convention Description

Boldface Bold text represents commands and keywords that you enter literally as shown.

Italic Italic text represents arguments that you replace with actual values.

[ ] Square brackets enclose syntax choices (keywords or arguments) that are optional.

{ x | y | ... }

Braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical bars, from which

you select one.

[ x | y | ... ]

Square brackets enclose a set of optional syntax choices separated by vertical bars,

from which you select one or none.

{ x | y | ... } *

Asterisk marked braces enclose a set of required syntax choices separated by vertical

bars, from which you select at least one.

[ x | y | ... ] *

Asterisk marked square brackets enclose optional syntax choices separated by vertical

bars, from which you select one choice, multiple choices, or none.

&<1-n> The argument or keyword and argument combination before the ampersand (&) sign

can be entered 1 to n times.

# A line that starts with a pound (#) sign is comments.

GUI conventions

Convention Description

Boldface Window names, button names, field names, and menu items are in Boldface. For

example, the New User window appears; click OK.

> Multi-level menus are separated by angle brackets. For example, File > Create >

Folder.

Symbols

Convention Description

WARNING An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed

can result in personal injury.

CAUTION An alert that calls attention to important information that if not understood or followed

can result in data loss, data corruption, or damage to hardware or software.

IMPORTANT An alert that calls attention to essential information.

NOTE An alert that contains additional or supplementary information.

TIP An alert that provides helpful information.

Network topology icons

Represents a generic network device, such as a router, switch, or firewall.

Represents a routing-capable device, such as a router or Layer 3 switch.

Represents a generic switch, such as a Layer 2 or Layer 3 switch, or a router that

supports Layer 2 forwarding and other Layer 2 features.

Represents an access controller, a unified wired-WLAN module, or the access

controller engine on a unified wired-WLAN switch.

Represents an access point.

Represents a mesh access point.

Represents omnidirectional signals.

Represents directional signals.

Represents a security product, such as a firewall, UTM, multiservice security gateway,

or load-balancing device.

Represents a security card, such as a firewall, load-balancing, NetStream, SSL VPN,

IPS, or ACG card.

Port numbering in examples

The port numbers in this document are for illustration only and might be unavailable on your device.



Obtaining documentation

Access the most up-to-date H3C product documentation on the World Wide Web

at http://www.h3c.com.

Click the links on the top navigation bar to obtain different categories of product documentation:

[Technical Support & Documents > Technical Documents]—Provides hardware installation, software

upgrading, and software feature configuration and maintenance documentation.

[Products & Solutions]—Provides information about products and technologies, as well as solutions.

[Technical Support & Documents > Software Download]—Provides the documentation released with

the software version.

Technical support

service@h3c.com

http://www.h3c.com

Documentation feedback

You can e-mail your comments about product documentation to [email protected].

We appreciate your comments.

Contents

Configuring TRILL ············································································1

Overview··································································································································1

Basic concepts ···················································································································1

TRILL frame formats ············································································································1

How TRILL works ················································································································2

TRILL forwarding mechanisms ·······························································································3

Ping TRILL and tracert TRILL ································································································6

Protocols and standards ·······································································································8

Configuration restrictions and guidelines ·························································································8

TRILL configuration task list ·········································································································9

Enabling TRILL ·························································································································9

Configuring the system ID and nickname for an RB ········································································· 10

Configuring the link type of a TRILL port ······················································································· 11

Configuration procedure ····································································································· 11

Configuring the DRB priority of a TRILL port ·················································································· 12

Setting the link cost for a TRILL port ···························································································· 12

Configuring announcing VLANs and the designated VLAN································································ 13

Configuring TRILL timers ··········································································································· 13

Configuring TRILL LSP parameters and features ············································································ 14

Setting TRILL LSP parameters ····························································································· 14

Enabling TRILL LSP fast advertisement ················································································· 16

Enabling TRILL pseudonode bypass ····················································································· 16

Setting the SPF algorithm parameters ·························································································· 17

Configuring TRILL distribution trees ····························································································· 17

Setting basic distribution tree parameters ··············································································· 17

Enabling TRILL distribution tree multithread calculation ····························································· 18

Enabling load balancing over TRILL distribution trees ······························································· 18

Configuring TRILL equal-cost routes ···························································································· 19

Enabling incremental flush for TRILL multicast routing entries ··························································· 19

Configuring TRILL Layer 3 forwarding ·························································································· 20

Enabling logging of TRILL neighbor changes ················································································· 21

Configuring SNMP for TRILL ······································································································ 22

Configuring TRILL GR··············································································································· 22

Using ping TRILL and tracert TRILL to test network connectivity ························································ 23

Displaying and maintaining TRILL ······························································································· 23

TRILL configuration example ······································································································ 24

Network requirements ········································································································ 25

Configuration procedure ····································································································· 25

Verifying the configuration ··································································································· 28

TRILL configuration example ······································································································ 29

Network requirements ········································································································ 29

Configuration procedure ····································································································· 29

Verifying the configuration ··································································································· 31

Index ···························································································33

Configuring TRILL

TRansparent Interconnection of Lots of Links (TRILL) uses IS-IS to provide transparent Layer 2

forwarding.

TRILL requires a license to run on the device. For information about feature licensing, see

Fundamentals Configuration Guide.

Overview

TRILL combines the simplicity and flexibility of Layer 2 switching with the stability, scalability, and

rapid convergence capability of Layer 3 routing. All these advantages make TRILL very suitable for

large Layer 2 networks in data centers.

Basic concepts

•RBridge—Routing bridge (RB) that runs TRILL. RBs are classified into ingress RBs, transit

RBs, and egress RBs, depending on their positions in the TRILL network. A frame enters the

TRILL network through an ingress RB, travels along transit RBs, and leaves the TRILL network

through an egress RB, as shown in Figure 2.

•TRILL network—A Layer 2 network that contains RBs, as shown in Figure 3.

•System ID—Unique identifier of an RB in the TRILL network. The system ID is 6 bytes in

length.

•Nickname—Address of an RB in the TRILL network. The nickname is 2 bytes in length.

•Link State Database—The LSDB contains all link state information in the TRILL network.

•Link State Protocol Data Unit—An LSP describes local link state information and is

advertised between neighbor devices.

•Designated Routing Bridge (DRB)—Similar to the designated IS (DIS) in IS-IS, a DRB exists

in a broadcast network. It helps simplify network topology, and assigns AVFs and appointed

ports for the VLANs on each RB in the broadcast network.

•Appointed VLAN-x Forwarder (AVF) and appointed port—To avoid loops, TRILL requires all

traffic of a VLAN on a broadcast network to enter and leave the TRILL network through the

same port of an RB. The RB is the VLAN's AVF, and the port is the VLAN's appointed port.

For more information about LSDB, LSPDU, and DIS, see Layer 3—IP Routing Configuration Guide.

TRILL frame formats

TRILL frames include protocol frames and data frames.

TRILL protocol frames include TRILL Hello, LSP, CSNP, PSNP, MTU-probe, and MTU-ack. These

protocol frames use 802.1Q encapsulation and have a fixed destination multicast address

0180-C200-0041.

TRILL data frames have a specific format, as shown in Figure 1. A TRILL header and an outer

Ethernet header are added to the original Ethernet frame.

Figure 1 TRILL data frame format

Table 1 describes the fields in the TRILL header.

Table 1 TRILL header fields

Field Description

Ethertype The Ethertype is fixed to TRILL.

V Version number, which is 0. When an RB receives a TRILL frame, it checks the V

field and drops the frame if the Vfield is not 0.

R Reserved for future extension. An ingress RB sets the R field to 0when adding a

TRILL header. Transit RBs and egress RBs ignore the field.

Multidestination attribute:

•0—Known unicast frame.

•1—Multidestination frame (multicast, broadcast, or unknown unicast frame).

Op-Length Length of the Options field. 0indicates that the Options field does not exist.

Hop Count Hop count, which is used to avoid loops. An RB drops a TRILL frame whose hop

count is decremented to 0.

Egress RB Nickname Nickname of the egress RB.

Ingress RB Nickname Nickname of the ingress RB.

Options Options field. This field exists when the Op-Length field is non-zero.

How TRILL works

TRILL establishes and maintains adjacencies between RBs by periodically advertising Hello frames,

distributes LSPs among RB neighbors, and generates an LSDB for all RBs in the network. Based on

the LSDB, each RB uses the SPF algorithm to calculate forwarding entries destined to other RBs.

TRILL forwarding mechanisms

TRILL uses different mechanisms to forward Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic. The following sections

describe these mechanisms.

Layer 2 forwarding mechanisms

TRILL forwards the traffic within a VLAN by using the following mechanisms:

•Unicast frame forwarding mechanism.

As shown in Figure 2, a unicast frame is forwarded as follows:

a. When a unicast frame enters the TRILL network, the ingress RB encapsulates the original

Ethernet frame with the following headers:

−A TRILL header (similar to an IP header).

−An outer Ethernet header (similar to the Ethernet header of a regular Ethernet frame).

b. RBs forward the frame hop by hop according to the egress RB nickname in the TRILL

header in the same way routers forward IP packets. Each hop replaces the outer Ethernet

header with an appropriate outer Ethernet header, and decrements the hop count in the

TRILL header.

c. Upon receiving the TRILL frame, the egress RB de-encapsulates it to obtain the original

Ethernet frame, and sends the frame to the target device.

Figure 2 Layer 2 unicast frame forwarding flow

The outer Ethernet header enables traditional Ethernet switches to forward TRILL frames and

connect RBs.

•Multidestination frame forwarding mechanism.

In a TRILL network, RBs perform the following operations:

{Compute a TRILL distribution tree for each VLAN based on the LSDB.

{Guide the forwarding of multidestination frames in each VLAN by using its TRILL distribution

tree.

VLAN 10 VLAN 200 VLAN 300 VLAN 10

Ingress RB

RB 1

S1 S2

Ethernet frame TRILL frame TRILL frame Ethernet frame

Egress RB

RB 3

Transit RB

RB 2

Ingress RB = RB 1

Outer VLAN = 200

Egress RB = RB 3

Outer S-MAC = RB 1

Outer D-MAC = RB 2

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = S2

Ingress RB = RB 1

Outer VLAN = 300

Egress RB = RB 3

Outer S-MAC = RB 2

Outer D-MAC = RB 3

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = S2

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = S2

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = S2

Unicast frame

As shown in Figure 3, when a multicast frame from VLAN 10 enters the TRILL network, RB 1,

which is an ingress RB, encapsulates the multicast frame into a TRILL frame. In the frame, the

egress RB is RB 2, the root bridge of the TRILL distribution tree for VLAN 10. When the frame

arrives at the root bridge, it is distributed throughout the TRILL distribution tree. Then, the TRILL

frame is de-encapsulated by RB 3 and sent to the destination station S2. Because the network

segment where RB 4 resides does not have a receiver of this frame, RB 4 drops the frame.

Figure 3 Layer 2 multicast frame forwarding flow

TRILL selects distribution trees for forwarding multidestination frames based on the VLANs to

which the frames belong. Because the topologies of TRILL distribution trees are different, traffic

can be load shared. However, equal-cost links are not used for load sharing.

When N equal-cost links exist in the network, each TRILL distribution tree selects the link with

the largest pseudonode ID for forwarding packets. As shown in Figure 4, two equal-cost links

exist between RB 1 and RB 2. Assume the link directly connecting RB 1 to RB 2 has the largest

pseudonode ID. Both the TRILL distribution tree rooted at RB 1 and the TRILL distribution tree

rooted at RB 4 select the link. For more information about pseudonode IDs, see Layer 3—IP

Routing Configuration Guide.

VLAN 10VLAN 10

S1 S2

VLAN 200

TRILL network

RB 1

Ethernet frame

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = Multi

TRILL frame

Ingress RB = RB 1

Outer VLAN = 200

Egress RB = RB 2

Outer S-MAC = RB 1

Outer D-MAC = All RBs

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = Multi

TRILL frame

Ingress RB = RB 1

Outer VLAN = 200

Egress RB = RB 2

Outer S-MAC = RB 2

Outer D-MAC = All RBs

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = Multi

RB 4

RB 3

Ethernet frame

Payload

Inner VLAN = 10

Inner S-MAC = S1

Inner D-MAC = Multi

RB 2

Multicast frame Distribution tree

of VLAN 10

Root bridge of

distribution tree

Leaf of

distribution tree

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