Michelin XRV Istruzioni operative

MICHELIN®RV Tires

• Guide or Proper Use

and Maintenance

• RV Tire Information

MICHELIN®RV Tires

TAB E OF CONTENTS

eneral Information About MICHELIN®RV Tires .........................................................................................................1

Service Life for RV/Motorhome Tires..............................................................................................................1

The Importance of Tire Pressure.....................................................................................................................1

Pressure Requirement......................................................................................................................................2

When to Check RV Tire Pressure.....................................................................................................................2

Determining the RV’s Correct Weight............................................................................................................2

How to Weigh the Recreational Vehicle ......................................................................................................................3

How To Weigh the RV .....................................................................................................................................3

Three Different Types of Scales ......................................................................................................................3

Weighing the Single Axle Recreational Vehicle ............................................................................................4

Weighing the Tandem Axle Recreational Vehicle .........................................................................................5

The Effect of Towed Vehicles or Trailers ........................................................................................................5

How to Use the Actual RV Weight Information with the Tire Data Load Chart ........................................6

Using Blocks to Level Motorhomes and RVs Equipped with Radial Tires....................................................6

Maintaining MICHELIN®RV Tires...................................................................................................................................7

Aging, Weather Checking, and Ozone Cracking...........................................................................................7

Long Term Storage of RV Tires .......................................................................................................................7

Proper Cleaning of RV Tires ............................................................................................................................7

Tire Repair ........................................................................................................................................................7

Tire Inspection..................................................................................................................................................7

Common Tire Damages..................................................................................................................................................8

Underinflation .................................................................................................................................................8

Fatigue Rupture ...............................................................................................................................................8

Dual Kissing......................................................................................................................................................8

Tire Wear, Balance, and Wheel Alignment — Toe Wear, Camber Wear, Tire Rotation ............................................9

Vibration Diagnosis......................................................................................................................................................10

Vibration Complaint ......................................................................................................................................10

Vibration Diagnosis .......................................................................................................................................10

Selecting Replacement Tires for the RV .....................................................................................................................10

MICHELIN®RV Tire Reference Chart............................................................................................................................11

MICHELIN®XRV®.............................................................................................................................................12

MICHELIN®XZA®(10R17.5) ............................................................................................................................12

MICHELIN®XPS RIB®.......................................................................................................................................13

MICHELIN®XZA3®+ EVERTREAD....................................................................................................................14

MICHELIN®XZA®(365/70R22.5) .....................................................................................................................14

MICHELIN®XZA2®ENER Y ............................................................................................................................15

MICHELIN®XZA®1...........................................................................................................................................15

MICHELIN®XZE®2+ .........................................................................................................................................16

MICHELIN®XZE®2............................................................................................................................................16

MICHELIN®XZE®..............................................................................................................................................17

Michelin Inflation Charts for RV Usage Only ............................................................................................................18

Wheel Diameter 16"......................................................................................................................................18

Wheel Diameter 17.5"...................................................................................................................................18

Wheel Diameter 19.5"...................................................................................................................................18

Wheel Diameter 22.5"...................................................................................................................................19

Wheel Diameter 24.5"...................................................................................................................................20

RV Front Axle Overload ...............................................................................................................................................21

SERVICE IFE FOR RV/MOTORHOME

TIRES

The following recommendation applies to

RV/Motorhome tires. Tires are composed of various types

of material and rubber compounds, having performance

properties essential to the proper functioning of the tire

itself. These component properties evolve over time.

For each tire, this evolution depends upon many factors

such as weather, storage conditions, and conditions of

use (load, speed, inflation pressure, maintenance, etc.)

to which the tire is subjected throughout its life. This

service-related evolution varies widely so that accurately

predicting the serviceable life of any specific tire in

advance is not possible.

That is why, in addition to regular inspections and

inflation pressure maintenance by consumers, it is

recommended to have RV/Motorhome tires, including

spare tires, inspected regularly by a qualified tire

specialist, such as a tire dealer, who will assess the

tire’s suitability for continued service. Tires that have

been in use for 5 years or more should continue to be

inspected by a specialist at least annually.

Consumers are strongly encouraged to be aware not

only of their tires’ visual conditions and inflation

pressures, but also of any changes in dynamic

performances such as increased gas loss, noise, or

vibration, which could be an indication that the tires need

to be removed from service to prevent tire failure. It is

impossible to predict when tires should be replaced based

on their calendar age alone. owever, the older a tire, the

greater the chance that it will need to be replaced due to

the service-related evolution or other conditions found

upon inspection or detected during use.

While most tires will need replacement before they

achieve 10 years, it is recommended that any tires in

service 10 years or more from the date of manufacture,

including spare tires, be replaced with new tires as a

simple precaution even if such tires appear serviceable

and even if they have not reached the legal wear limit.

For tires that were on an original equipment vehicle

(i.e. acquired by the consumer on a new vehicle), follow

the vehicle manufacturer’s tire replacement

recommendations when specified (but not to exceed

10 years).

The date when a tire was manufactured is located on

the sidewall of each tire. RV owners should locate the

Department of Transportation or DOT code on the tire

that begins with DOT and ends with the week and year

of manufacture. For example, a DOT code ending with

“0304” indicates a tire made in the 3rd week (Jan) of 2004.

THE IMPORTANCE OF TIRE PRESSURE

The most important factor in maintaining the life of

MIC ELIN®RV tires is making sure they are always

properly inflated. Incorrect pressure for the weight

of the vehicle is dangerous and could cause things like

premature wear, tire damage, or a harsher ride.

An underinflated or overloaded tire will build up more

heat that could go beyond the endurance limits of the

rubber and radial cords. This could cause sudden tire

failure. Underinflation will also cause poor handling,

faster and/or irregular tire wear, and can decrease fuel

economy.

Overinflation, on the other hand, will reduce the tire’s

contact area with the road, which reduces traction,

braking ability, and handling. A tire that’s overinflated

for the weight it’s carrying is more prone to a harsh ride,

uneven tire wear, and impact damage.

MICHELIN®RV Tires 1

DOT

Plant

Tire Size

Optional Code

MICHE IN

Manufacture

Date

GENERA INFORMATION ABOUT MICHE IN®RV TIRES

2MICHELIN®RV Tires

PRESSURE REQUIREMENT

The amount of pressure required in each tire depends

on the weight of the fully loaded vehicle. So the RV

owners cannot determine the tire’s correct pressure

unless they know their vehicle’s actual weights. The

maximum load capacity allowed for the size tire and load

rating and the minimum cold inflation pressure needed

to carry that maximum load are located on the tire’s

sidewall. The lower the pressure, the lower the load that

the tire can carry. A complete load and inflation table is

available at www.michelinrvtires.com; MIC ELIN®RV

Tires: Guide For Proper Use and Maintenance and RV Tire

Information – MWL43146; and the MIC ELIN®Truck Tire

Data Book – MWL40731.

WHEN TO CHECK RV TIRE PRESSURE

The RV owners need to know the correct pressure per

axle for their RV, and they need to know when and how

often to check the MIC ELIN®RV tires.

ere are a few recommendations for the RV owners:

1) Check at least once a month and before any major

trips.

2) On long trips, check every morning before driving.

3) Check before and after storage.

4) On short trips of a day or less driving each way,

check before you leave and before you return home.

Always try to check tires when they’re “cold” and have

not been driven for more than one mile. The stated load

capacity for a given cold inflation pressure is based on

ambient outside temperatures. The pressure in a “hot”

tire may be as much as 10-15 psi higher than the “cold”

tire pressure. If the RV owners must check the tires when

they’re warm, be sure to allow for an increase in pressure,

and make sure the pressure of the tires on both sides of

the axle are within a couple of pounds of each other.

Never let gas out of a hot tire.

To make checking the tire pressure easier and more

accurate, Michelin recommends that the RV owners

purchase a quality truck tire pressure gauge with a dual-

angled head. This allows the RV owners to check the

pressure of the inner and outer dual wheels. And the

easier it is to check the pressure, the more that the RV

owner will do it. Nothing should restrict the RV owner’s

ability to check their tire pressure daily when driving their

RV. Be sure to use pressure-sealing valve caps to prevent

gas from escaping the valve stem. If the valve stem

extension hoses are used, make sure they’re good quality

stainless steel braid reinforced and are securely anchored

to the outer wheel. The joints should be soaped

immediately after initial installation to check for pressure

loss. If the RV has wheel covers, consider removing them

since the extra time and effort they require could lead the

RV owners to avoid checking the tire’s pressure.

DETERMINING THE RV’S CORRECT

WEIGHT

The GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating) and the

GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating) stickers on the RV

(normally located on the support pillar next to the driver’s

seat) will show the chassis manufacturer’s and/or the RV

manufacturer’s total vehicle weight ratings and per axle

weight ratings.

The GVWR is the maximum total weight rating — this

includes passengers, fluids, and cargo. The GAWR is the

maximum for a single axle.

These ratings can vary

based on a number of

components, so RVs of the

same make and model will

vary because of different

options and personal loads.

That’s why the RV owners

need to weigh their RV in a

loaded condition to know

its actual weight. Michelin

recommends weighing

each wheel position of the

vehicle. Why? Because

when you weigh the entire

vehicle at once, it’s possible to be within the GVWR, but

overloaded on an axle. And when you weigh one axle at a

time, it’s possible for one wheel position to be overloaded

even though the GAWR has not been exceeded (we’ve

seen as much as a 1200-pound difference between left

and right front tires). Weighing each wheel position will

give you a clear indication of how the weight of the RV

vehicle is distributed, so you can determine the correct

tire inflation pressure.

For instructions on how to weigh by wheel position, see

next pages 3-5. Once you know total weight and weight

on each wheel position, the tire load data chart will show

you the correct inflation pressure for each wheel position.

THREE DIFFERENT TYPES OF SCA ES:

1) Platform – Platform scales are usually long enough to weigh the entire vehicle at once.

Michelin suggests the following:

a) Pull onto the scale so that only the front axle is on the platform. The rear end of the

scale needs to be midway between the front and rear axles. Record the weight.

b) Pull forward until the full unit is on the scale. Record the weight.

c) Pull forward until only the rear axle is on the platform. The front end of the scale needs

to be midway between the front and rear axles. Record the weight.

d) If the RV has a rear tag axle, pull forward so only tag axle is on the scale. Record the

weight.

e) To determine individual wheel position weights, repeat steps (a) through (d) with only

one side of the vehicle actually on the scale and the vehicle centered over the side of

the scale. See diagram on next page. Record the weights.

f) To calculate the opposite wheel positions’ weights, subtract the weights recorded in step

(e) from the weights recorded in steps (a) through (d). If there is not a towed vehicle, the

tag axle weight derived from (d) will represent the actual weight on the tag axle.

g) If a vehicle is being towed, it should be weighed and combined with the GVW (Gross

Vehicle Weight) to ensure the total weight doesn’t exceed the GCWR (Gross Combined

Weight Rating).

2) Segmented Platform – Platform scales with segmented sections can provide individual

axle weights and total vehicle weights all at once when the vehicle is positioned properly.

To do this, simply:

a) Position the vehicle on the scales so that each axle is centered as much as possible on

the segments, and record the weight.

b) Reposition the vehicle so that only one side is on the scale – centered on the segment

as much as possible.

c) Subtract the weighed wheel positions from the total axle weights to determine the

unweighed wheel position weights.

3) Single Axle – Weighs one axle at a time.

Follow these steps:

a) Drive the front axle onto the scale and stop long enough for the weight to be recorded.

b) Pull vehicle forward until the rear axle is on the scale.

c) For gross vehicle weight, add the two axle weights together.

d) To obtain the individual wheel position weights, repeat this process with only one side

of the RV on the scale.

Note: Even though the weight of the total axle is within the axle rating, it may be overloaded on

one side, which means an overloaded wheel position. That’s why side-to-side weighing is

required.

MICHELIN®RV Tires 3

NOTE: Michelin recommends using a professional weighing group or organization to perform the weighing of your

Motorhome/RV. The Recreational Vehicle Safety Foundation (RVSEF) is an organization that performs weighing and other

educational services. They can be contacted at www.rvsafety.com. If you are planning to do your own weighing, you should

follow the procedures below. Michelin recommends checking with the scale operator to make sure there are no concerns on

damage to the scale or to the vehicle if weighing side to side to determine individual wheel position weights.

HOW TO WEIGH THE RV

First, the RV must be weighed fully loaded — that includes passengers, food, clothing, fuel, water, propane, supplies, and

anything else you can think of. Also, any towed vehicle (car, boat, or trailer) or item loaded on brackets on the back of the

RV (like bikes or motorcycles) should be included in the weighing.

SCA E

HOW TO WEIGH THE RECREATIONA VEHIC E

4MICHELIN®RV Tires

1. From the tire manufacturer’s load and inflation tables or the sidewall of the tires mounted on the vehicle.

2. If vehicle has duals, read dual capacity from tire and multiply by 2 to obtain dual assembly load capacity.

One Side

Scale Weight

Calculate Other

Side Weight

Tire oad (lbs.)

Inflation

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(Step 2a) (Step 2b) (Step 2c)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(Step 1a-2a) (Step 1b-2b) (Step 1c-2c)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(See Note #1) (See Notes #1 & #2)

__________ psi __________ psi

(See Note #1) (See Note #1)

STEP 2a STEP 2b STEP 2c

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(Step 1a = (Step 1b = (Step 1c = (Step 1d)

Gross Axle Weight) Gross Vehicle Weight) Gross Axle Weight)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

Gross Axle Gross Vehicle Gross Axle Vehicle Weight

Weight Rating Weight Rating Weight Rating (Gross Combined

Weight Rating –

Gross Vehicle Weight)

TO OBTAIN INDIVIDUA AX E AND GROSS VEHIC E WEIGHTS

STEP 1a STEP 1b STEP 1c STEP 1d

Scale Weight

From

Owner’s

Manual

TO OBTAIN INDIVIDUA WHEE POSITION WEIGHTS

The RV must remain as level as possible on the scale (even when an axle or side isn’t on the scale). Therefore, to

obtain side-to-side weights, there must be enough space on either side of the scale to accommodate the RV being

partially off the scale.

If there is a difference in the weights on one side of the vehicle as compared to the other, it is important to

redistribute the load more evenly to avoid component failure and improve handling. These weights make it possible

to compare against the GAWR (Gross Axle Weight Rating), GVWR (Gross Vehicle Weight Rating), and tire capacities.

They also help determine proper tire pressure.

WEIGHING THE SING E AX E RECREATIONA VEHIC E

MICHELIN®RV Tires 5

STEP 2a STEP 2b STEP 2c STEP 2d

(calculated)

STEP 1a STEP 1b STEP 1c STEP 1d STEP 1e

(calculated)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(Step 2a) (Step 2b) (Step 2c) Step 2d: Right Duals = (2b-2c)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(Step 1a-2a) (Step 1c-2b) (Step 1d-2c) Left Duals = (2d)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(See Note #1) (See Note #1) (See Notes #1 & #2)

__________ psi __________ psi __________ psi

(See Note #1) (See Note #1) (See Note #1)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

(Step 1a = (Step 1b = (Step 1c) (Step 1d = Drive Axle

Gross Axle Weight) Gross Vehicle Weight) Gross Axle Weight) Weight = (1c-1d)

__________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs. __________ lbs.

Gross Axle Gross Vehicle Gross Axle Gross Axle

Weight Rating Weight Rating Weight Rating Weight Rating

TO OBTAIN INDIVIDUA WHEE POSITION WEIGHTS

Scale

Weight

From

Owner’s

Manual

One Side

Scale Weight

Calculate Other

Side Weight

Tire oad (lbs.)

Inflation

1. From the tire manufacturer’s load and inflation tables or the sidewall of the tires mounted on the vehicle.

2. If vehicle has duals, read dual capacity from tire and multiply by 2 to obtain dual assembly load capacity.

TO OBTAIN INDIVIDUA AX E AND GROSS VEHIC E WEIGHTS

THE EFFECT OF TOWED VEHIC ES OR TRAI ERS

If your RV is towing a vehicle, you need to know the RV’s GCWR (Gross Combined Weight Rating), the total actual

loaded weight of the RV, plus the total actual loaded weight of the towed vehicle. Even though the GCWR has more to

do with the design limits of the drivetrain (engine, transmission, axle, brakes, and bearings), the additional weight can

also affect the tires and the RV’s handling. Also, always remember to consider the tongue weight of the trailer and its

effect on handling.

WEIGHING THE TANDEM AX E RECREATIONA VEHIC E

6MICHELIN®RV Tires

When using blocks to level motorhomes or

RVs, extreme caution must be taken to make

sure the tires are fully supported. The weight

on the tire should be evenly distributed on the

block. And in the case of duals, it should be

evenly distributed on blocks for both tires. If

not, the sidewall cables can become fatigued

and damaged, resulting in a sidewall rupture

and a complete, sudden loss of pressure.

Note in the correct method, the blocks

are wider than the tread and longer than the

tire’s footprint. This provides maximum

support to the tires and assures that the load

is evenly distributed.

Let’s consider an RV running on 275/80R22.5

MIC ELIN®XZA3®+EVERTREAD LRG tires, with actual

corner weights of 5,400 lbs. on the left front tire,

5,175 lbs. on the right front tire, 8,500 lbs. on the left

rear duals, and 9,200 lbs. on the right rear duals. For

control of the RV, it is critical that the tire pressures be

the same across an axle. Therefore, we must “overinflate”

the right front tire and the left rear duals. Checking the

load/inflation table below shows that a cold tire pressure

of 95 psi will support 5,510 lbs. on a single front tire.

To determine the pressure for the rear duals, again

take the heaviest position, in this instance the right rear

weighs 9,200 lbs. The load/inflation table below shows

that a cold pressure of 85 psi will support 9,380 lbs. on

2 dual tires. It is important to note that the cold inflation

pressure for the tire must never exceed the maximum

inflation rating that is stamped on the wheel.

REMEMBER: For control of the RV, it is critical that the

tire pressures are the same on both sides of an axle.

Please note that the standard MIC ELIN

load/inflation charts have been altered for RV usage only.

USING B OCKS TO EVE MOTORHOMES AND RVS EQUIPPED WITH RADIA TIRES

Incorrect

One tire or only a portion of one tire is supporting the full load.

MAXIMUM LOAD

AND PRESSURE ON SIDEWALL

This chart is for RV wheel end use only.

275/80R22.5 RG

PSI 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110

kPa 480 520 550 590 620 660 690 720 760

SIN LE 4500 4725 4940 5155 5370 5510 5780 5980 6175 S 6175 LBS at 110 PSI

DUAL 8190 8600 9080 9380 9770 10140 10520 10880 11350 D 5675 LBS at 110 PSI

SIN LE 2040 2140 2240 2340 2440 2500 2620 2710 2800 S 2800 K at 760 kPa

DUAL 3720 3900 4120 4260 4440 4600 4780 4940 5150 D 2575 K at 760 kPa

LBS

S = 1 tire on 1 side of single axle

Single Axle

D = 2 tires on 1 side of dual axle

Dual Axle

For Tag axle, use applicable

Single or Dual chart

Correct

Evenly supporting the full load.

HOW TO USE THE ACTUA RV WEIGHT INFORMATION

WITH THE TIRE DATA OAD CHART

MICHELIN®RV Tires 7

AGING, WEATHER CHECKING, AND

OZONE CRACKING

During the pre-trip inspection, be sure to check the

tires for signs of aging, weather checking, and/or ozone

cracking — these show up as tiny cracks in the rubber

surface on the sidewall of the tire. If the cracks are less

than 1 ⁄32" deep, the tire is fine to run. Between 1⁄ 32" and

2⁄32",the tire is suspect and should be examined by the

MIC ELIN dealer. If the cracks are any deeper than

2⁄32",the tire should be replaced immediately.

ere are a few tips to help you protect the tires from

these common damage conditions:

1) Keep the tires properly inflated.

2) Keep the tires clean.

3) Avoid prolonged exposure to heat, cold, or moisture.

4) Avoid prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays.

5) Cover the tires when the vehicle is not in use.

6) Do not park near electric generators or transformers.

7) Do not store vehicle in an area where welding is being

done or in a garage that has mercury vapor lamps.

ONG TERM STORAGE OF RV TIRES

Unless the RV owner is a full-time RV-er, the vehicle

probably spends some time in long-term storage. But

what the RV owner probably didn’t know is that rubber

tires age when not being used. So, if the owner must store

the RV, a cool, dry, sealed garage is the best bet. Also, some

storage surfaces can cause tires to age faster. That’s why

Michelin recommends placing a barrier (cardboard,

plastic or plywood) between the tire and the storage

surface.

ere are some other steps the RV owner can take to

help reduce the aging effects from long-term storage:

1) Thoroughly clean tires with soap and water before

placing into storage.

2) Cover tires to block direct sunlight and ultraviolet

rays.

3) Store out of a high ozone area.

Note: When a vehicle is stored, tires should be inflated

to the inflation pressure indicated on the sidewall.

Before removing the vehicle from long-term storage,

thoroughly inspect each tire – this includes sidewalls,

tread area, and pressure. If the tires have lost pressure, be

sure to inflate them to the correct pressure before driving.

PROPER C EANING OF RV TIRES

Like the rest of the RV, it pays to keep the MIC ELIN®

tires clean. Road oil will cause deterioration of the rubber,

and dirt buildup will hold the contaminants next to the tire.

As with the cleaning of any rubber product, proper

cleaning methods must be used to obtain the maximum

years of service from the tires. A soft brush and the

normal mild soap that you would use to clean the RV

may be used. If you use a dressing product to “protect”

the tires from aging, use extra care and caution. Tire

dressings that contain petroleum products, alcohol, or

silicones will cause deterioration or cracking and

accelerate the aging process.

In many cases, it is not the dressing itself that can be

a problem, but rather the chemical reaction that the

product can have with the antioxidant in the tire. eat

can add to the negative reaction. When these same

dressing products are used on a passenger car tire that is

replaced every three to four years, it is rare to see a major

problem. owever, in most cases, RV tires may last much

longer due to limited annual mileage, and the chemical

reactions have much longer to take place.

TIRE REPAIR

Even the best drivers can drive over a nail, and the best

tires can pick up that nail or screw and go flat. If you pick up

an object that causes a flat with a MIC ELIN®RV tire, the

repair must be made to the inside of the tire to be repaired

properly. To do this, the tire needs to be demounted and

inspected on the inside of the casing for any other damage

that the object may have caused. See the MIC ELIN®truck

tire dealer for the proper repair and damage inspection.

TIRE INSPECTION

The MIC ELIN®RV tires should be inspected

thoroughly at least once a year, and any time the owner

drives in rough or rocky terrain, or when the owner is

having their RV serviced. This inspection should include

both sidewalls, the tread area, and the valves, caps, and

any valve extensions. Inspect for nails, cuts, bulges, aging,

or fatigue cracks and weathering or ozone cracking. Also,

check between the duals for objects lodged between

them. See the MIC ELIN®dealer at once if anything

unusual is observed.

On a regular basis, rub the palm of your hand across the

face of the tread on your front tires to feel for any feathered

wear from “toe” alignment problems. NOTE: Be careful

since severe wear can expose steel belt edges that are very

sharp. A “toe” misalignment problem can be caused by

impact with a “chuck” hole in the road. Bad “toe” wear can

be hard to find visually, but can be felt very quickly with the

hand. This type of alignment problem can wear rubber off

the tread of the tires in just a few hundred miles.

MAINTAINING MICHE IN®RV TIRES

No tire, regardless of its quality, is indestructible.

Certain conditions of use and abuse can stress a tire

beyond reasonable operating limits, causing it to come

out of service even when considerable tread remains.

Such conditions are clearly indicated by the damage they

leave on the tire itself. Listed below are some common

damages and the signs they leave behind. Please

understand that this list is by no means exhaustive

and is intended only as a general guide.

UNDERINF ATION

This condition is often referred to as a “run-flat” tire.

It is caused by operating a tire at very low or zero

pressure. When a tire is run at normal highway speeds,

underinflated, it flexes too much and builds up heat.

This heat damages the inner liner, casing, and outer

sidewall of the tire. If not remedied quickly, the tire will

be irreparably damaged.

In extreme cases, the sidewall of the tire is destroyed,

from the excessive heat and the weight of the vehicle

crushing/cutting the tire against the wheel as it rolls on

the uninflated sidewall. According to guidelines put out

by the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA), any tire

that has been run at less than 80% of normal

recommended pressure for the load it is carrying should

be inspected for possible damage.

When one tire in a dual configuration comes out of

service due to under-inflation/run-flat damage, the

other tire in the dual configuration should be inspected

immediately. If the unserviceable tire was underinflated,

that means the serviceable tire was carrying more and

more of the load for that wheel position. Consequently,

it too may have suffered some casing damage.

FATIGUE RUPTURE

This type of damage is sometimes called a “zipper rip”

because of the zipper-like effect it creates in the steel

casing cords of the damaged tire. When a casing cord is

damaged or repeatedly and excessively bent due to over-

load and/or underinflation, it will eventually break and

subject the cords on either side to even more stress.

When enough strength has been lost due to additional

cord breakage, a rupture occurs and can progress rapidly

along the path of least resistance in the upper sidewall.

This can happen hours, days, or even months after the

initial damage event when all evidence or memory of the

initial damage or overload/underinflation is gone.

Casing cords in the MIC ELIN®truck tires used on

motorhomes are very strong twisted steel cables.

Extreme over-deflection of a tire, that can occur during

improper blocking of tires or high energy impacts, may

weaken the structure of the cable so as to make it less

tolerant of the repeated bending stress encountered in

normal use. If in addition, the integrity of the steel cords

is degraded by corrosion from moisture reaching the

cords through cuts or tears in the rubber, their tolerance

of these conditions will be even further reduced. This

corrosion may result from mounting damage, foreign

objects left inside the tire, road hazards, tire

mishandling, or even improper repair of a nail hole.

DUA KISSING

While somewhat romantic in name only, this type of

damage refers to what happens when two tires in dual

configuration make contact with each other while in

operation. The heat generated by the friction between

the two tires severely weakens the casing material of the

dual tires. This is easily seen on the sidewalls of the tires

where the duals came in contact. The condition may be

caused by several factors:

- improper mounting

- incorrect wheel width or offset

- underinflation

- “casing growth”

In this last case, the fabric casing cords of the tire

actually stretch and expand, causing the tire to touch

or kiss, under load at the contact patch.

8MICHELIN®RV Tires

Underinflation

Fatigue Rupture or “Zipper”

COMMON TIRE DAMAGES

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