Moxa Technologies THINKCORE W311 Manuale utente

ThinkCore W311/321/341 Linux User’s Manual

Second Edition, March 2007

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MOXA Systems Co., Ltd.

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ThinkCore W311/321/341 Linux User’s Manual

The software described in this manual is furnished under a license agreement and may be used only in

accordance with the terms of that agreement.

Reproduction without permission is prohibited.

Trademarks

MOXA is a registered trademark of The Moxa Group.

All other trademarks or registered marks in this manual belong to their respective manufacturers.

Disclaimer

Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the

part of MOXA.

MOXA provides this document “as is,” without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but

not limited to, its particular purpose. MOXA reserves the right to make improvements and/or changes to this

manual, or to the products and/or the programs described in this manual, at any time.

Information provided in this manual is intended to be accurate and reliable. However, MOXA assumes no

responsibility for its use, or for any infringements on the rights of third parties that may result from its use.

This product might include unintentional technical or typographical errors. Changes are periodically made to the

information herein to correct such errors, and these changes are incorporated into new editions of the

publication.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction..................................................................................................1-1

Overview.................................................................................................................................. 1-2

Software Architecture .............................................................................................................. 1-2

Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)........................................................................ 1-3

Software Package....................................................................................................... 1-4

Chapter 2 Getting Started.............................................................................................2-1

Powering on the W311/321/341............................................................................................... 2-2

Connecting the W311/321/341 to a PC.................................................................................... 2-2

Serial Console ............................................................................................................ 2-2

Telnet Console............................................................................................................ 2-3

SSH Console .............................................................................................................. 2-4

Configuring the Ethernet Interface .......................................................................................... 2-5

Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console................................................ 2-5

Modifying Network Settings over the Network ......................................................... 2-6

Configuring the WLAN........................................................................................................... 2-6

IEEE802.11a/b/g ........................................................................................................ 2-6

Using WPA_SUPPLICANT to Support WPA and WPA2.......................................................2-11

SD Slot and USB for Storage Expansion................................................................................2-11

Test Program—Developing Hello.c....................................................................................... 2-13

Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)............................................................................. 2-13

Checking the Flash Memory Space.......................................................................... 2-13

Compiling Hello.c .................................................................................................... 2-14

Uploading and Running the “Hello” Program.......................................................... 2-15

Developing Your First Application ........................................................................................ 2-15

Testing Environment ................................................................................................ 2-16

Compiling tcps2.c..................................................................................................... 2-17

Uploading and Running the “tcps2-release” Program.............................................. 2-18

Testing Procedure Summary .................................................................................... 2-20

Chapter 3 Managing Embedded Linux ........................................................................3-1

System Version Information..................................................................................................... 3-2

System Image Backup.............................................................................................................. 3-2

Upgrading the Firmware............................................................................................. 3-2

Loading Factory Defaults........................................................................................... 3-5

Backing Up the User Directory.................................................................................. 3-5

Deploying the User Directory toAdditional W311/321/341 Units ............................ 3-6

Enabling and Disabling Daemons............................................................................................ 3-6

Setting the Run-Level.............................................................................................................. 3-8

Adjusting the System Time...................................................................................................... 3-9

Setting the Time Manually ......................................................................................... 3-9

NTP Client................................................................................................................ 3-10

Updating the Time Automatically............................................................................. 3-10

Cron—Daemon to Execute Scheduled Commands ................................................................3-11

Chapter 4 Managing Communications........................................................................4-1

Telnet / FTP ............................................................................................................................. 4-2

DNS ......................................................................................................................................... 4-2

Web Service—Apache............................................................................................................. 4-2

Installing PHP for Apache Web Server.................................................................................... 4-4

IPTABLES............................................................................................................................... 4-7

NAT.........................................................................................................................................4-11

NAT Example........................................................................................................... 4-11

Enabling NAT at Bootup.......................................................................................... 4-12

Dial-up Service—PPP............................................................................................................ 4-12

PPPoE.................................................................................................................................... 4-15

NFS (Network File System)................................................................................................... 4-17

Setting up the W311/321/341 as an NFS Client....................................................... 4-18

Mail........................................................................................................................................ 4-18

SNMP .................................................................................................................................... 4-18

OpenVPN............................................................................................................................... 4-27

Chapter 5 Tool Chains for Application Development.................................................5-1

Linux Tool Chain..................................................................................................................... 5-2

Steps for Installing the Linux Tool Chain................................................................... 5-2

Compilation for Applications..................................................................................... 5-2

On-Line Debugging with GDB.................................................................................. 5-3

Windows Tool Chain................................................................................................................ 5-4

System Requirements for Windows Tool Chain......................................................... 5-4

Steps for Installing Windows Tool Chain................................................................... 5-4

Using the BASH Shell................................................................................................ 5-9

Compilation for Applications................................................................................... 5-10

On-Line Debugging with Insight.............................................................................. 5-12

Chapter 6 Programmer’s Guide....................................................................................6-1

Flash Memory Map.................................................................................................................. 6-2

Device API............................................................................................................................... 6-2

RTC (Real Time Clock)...........................................................................................................6-2

Buzzer...................................................................................................................................... 6-3

WDT (Watch Dog Timer) ........................................................................................................ 6-3

UART....................................................................................................................................... 6-7

DO ........................................................................................................................................... 6-8

Chapter 7 Software Lock...............................................................................................7-1

Chapter 8 UC Finder......................................................................................................8-1

Windows UC Finder................................................................................................................ 8-2

Installing the Software................................................................................................ 8-2

Broadcast Search........................................................................................................ 8-3

Linux ucfinder.......................................................................................................................... 8-4

Appendix A System Commands.....................................................................................A-1

busybox (V0.60.4): Linux normal command utility collection............................................... A-1

File manager.............................................................................................................. A-1

Editor......................................................................................................................... A-1

Network..................................................................................................................... A-1

Process....................................................................................................................... A-2

Other.......................................................................................................................... A-2

MOXA special utilities.............................................................................................. A-2

Appendix B Service Information.....................................................................................B-1

MOXA Internet Services..........................................................................................................B-2

Problem Report Form ..............................................................................................................B-3

Product Return Procedure........................................................................................................B-4

Chapter 1 Introduction

The MOXAThinkCore W311/321/341 are RISC-based ready-to-run wireless embedded computers

with 802.11a/b/g WLAN, one 10/100 Mbps Ethernet port, an internal SD socket, 1/2/4

RS-232/422/485 serial ports, two USB 2.0 hosts, one relay output channel, and pre-installed Linux

operating system. The W311/321/341 offer high performance communication and unlimited

storage in a super compact, palm-size ARM9 box. The ThinkCore W300 Series is the right

solution for embedded applications that are used in hard-to-wire environments and that require a

large amount of memory, but that must be housed in a small space without sacrificing

performance.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

Overview

Software Architecture

¾Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)

¾Software Package

ThinkCore W311/321/341 Linux User’s Manual Introduction

1-2

Overview

The ThinkCore W311/321/341 wireless embedded computers support 802.11a/b/g wireless LANs

with data encryption functions, including the common WEP and powerful WPA and WPA2, to

establish a secure transmission tunnel over a WLAN.

ThinkCore W300 Series Embedded Computers use a MOXA ART 192 Mhz RISC CPU. Unlike

the X86 CPU, which uses a CISC design, the RISC architecture and modern semiconductor

technology provide these embedded computers with a powerful computing engine and

communication functions, but without generating a lot of heat. A 16 MB NOR Flash ROM and

on-board SDRAM (64 MB for W341 and 32 MB for W311/321) give you enough memory to

install your application software directly on the embedded computer. In addition, dual LAN ports

are built right into the RISC CPU. This network capability, in combination with the ability to

control serial devices, makes the ThinkCore W300 Series ideal as communication platforms for

data acquisition and industrial control applications.

The pre-installed Linux operating system (OS) provides an open software operating system for

your software program development. Software written for desktop PCs can be easily ported to the

computer with a GNU cross compiler, without needing to modify the source code. The OS, device

drivers (e.g., serial and buzzer control), and your own applications, can all be stored in the NOR

Flash memory.

Software Architecture

The Linux operating system that is pre-installed in the W311/321/341 follows the standard Linux

architecture, making it easy to accept programs that follow the POSIX standard. Program porting

is done with the GNU Tool Chain provided by MOXA. In addition to Standard POSIX APIs,

device drivers for the USB storage, buzzer and Network controls, and UART are also included in

the Linux OS.

API

Protocol

Stack

Device

Driver

Microkernel

User Application Daemon (Apache, Telnet, FTPD, SNMP)

Application Interface (POSIX, Socket, Secure Socket)

TCP, IP, UDP, CMP, ARP, HTTP, SNMP, SMTP

PCMCIA, CF, WLAN, USB, UART, RTC, LCM, Keypad

Memory control, Schedule, Process

RS-232/422/485, Ethernet, PCMCIA, CompactFlash, USB

File

System

Hardware

OS Kernel

The W311/321/341’s built-in Flash ROM is partitioned into Boot Loader, Linux Kernel, Root

File System, and User directory partitions.

In order to prevent user applications from crashing the Root File System, the W311/321/341 use a

specially designed Root File System with Protected Configuration for emergency use. This

Root File System comes with serial and Ethernet communication capability for users to load the

ThinkCore W311/321/341 Linux User’s Manual Introduction

1-3

Factory Default Image file. The user directory saves the user’s settings and application.

To improve system reliability, the W311/321/341 have a built-in mechanism that prevents the

system from crashing. When the Linux kernel boots up, the kernel will mount the root file system

for read only, and then enable services and daemons. At the same time, the kernel will start

searching for system configuration parameters via rc or inittab.

Normally, the kernel uses the Root File System to boot up the system. The Root File System is

protected, and cannot be changed by the user. This type of setup creates a “safe” zone.

For more information about the memory map and programming, refer to Chapter 6, Programmer’s

Guide.

Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2)

The Root File System and User directory in the flash memory is formatted with the Journaling

Flash File System (JFFS2). The formatting process places a compressed file system in the flash

memory. This operation is transparent to the user.

The Journaling Flash File System (JFFS2), which was developed by Axis Communications in

Sweden, puts a file system directly on the flash, instead of emulating a block device. It is designed

for use on flash-ROM chips and recognizes the special write requirements of a flash-ROM chip.

JFFS2 implements wear-leveling to extend the life of the flash disk, and stores the flash directory

structure in the RAM. A log-structured file system is maintained at all times. The system is always

consistent, even if it encounters crashes or improper power-downs, and does not require fsck (file

system check) on boot-up.

JFFS2 is the newest version of JFFS. It provides improved wear-leveling and garbage-collection

performance, improved RAM footprint and response to system-memory pressure, improved

concurrency and support for suspending flash erases, marking of bad sectors with continued use of

the remaining good sectors (enhancing the write-life of the devices), native data compression

inside the file system design, and support for hard links.

The key features of JFFS2 are:

yTargets the Flash ROM Directly

yRobustness

yConsistency across power failures

yNo integrity scan (fsck) is required at boot time after normal or abnormal shutdown

yExplicit wear leveling

yTransparent compression

Although JFFS2 is a journaling file system, this does not preclude the loss of data. The file system

will remain in a consistent state across power failures and will always be mountable. However, if

the board is powered down during a write then the incomplete write will be rolled back on the next

boot, but writes that have already been completed will not be affected.

Additional information about JFFS2 is available at:

http://sources.redhat.com/jffs2/jffs2.pdf

http://developer.axis.com/software/jffs/

http://www.linux-mtd.infradead.org/

ThinkCore W311/321/341 Linux User’s Manual Introduction

1-4

Software Package

Boot Loader Moxa Boot Loader (v1.2)

Kernel Linux 2.6.9

Protocol Stack ARP, PPP, CHAP, PAP, IPv4, ICMP, TCP, UDP, DHCP, FTP, SNMP

V1/V3, HTTP, NTP, NFS, SMTP, SSH 1.0/2.0, SSL, Telnet, PPPoE,

OpenVPN

File System JFFS2, NFS, Ext2, Ext3, VFAT/FAT

OS shell command Bash

Busybox Linux normal command utility collection

Utilities

tinylogin login and user manager utility

telnet telnet client program

ftp FTP client program

smtpclient email utility

scp Secure file transfer Client Program

Daemons

pppd dial in/out over serial port daemon

snmpd snmpd agent daemon

telnetd telnet server daemon

inetd TCP server manager program

ftpd ftp server daemon

apache web server daemon

sshd secure shell server

openvpn virtual private network

openssl open SSL

Linux Tool Chain

Gcc (V3.3.2) C/C++ PC Cross Compiler

GDB (V5.3) Source Level Debug Server

Glibc (V2.2.5) POSIX standard C library

Windows Tool Chain

Gcc (V3.3.2) C/C++ PC Cross Compiler

Glibc(V2.2.5) POSIX standard C library

Insight (V6.1) Windows environment source level debug utility

Chapter 2 Getting Started

In this chapter, we explain how to connect the W311/321/341, how to turn on the power, how to

get started programming, and how to use the W311/321/341’s other functions.

The following topics are covered in this chapter:

Powering on the W311/321/341

Connecting the W311/321/341 to a PC

¾Serial Console

¾Telnet Console

¾SSH Console

Configuring the Ethernet Interface

¾Modifying Network Settings with the Serial Console

¾Modifying Network Settings over the Network

Configuring the WLAN

¾IEEE802.11a/b/g

Using WPA_SUPPLICANT to Support WPA and WPA2

SD Socket and USB for Storage Expansion

Test Program—Developing Hello.c

¾Installing the Tool Chain (Linux)

¾Checking the Flash Memory Space

¾Compiling Hello.c

¾Uploading and Running the “Hello” Program

Developing Your First Application

¾Testing Environment

¾Compiling tcps2.c

¾Uploading and Running the “tcps2-release” Program

¾Testing Procedure Summary

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