Novell BUSINESS CONTINUITY CLUSTERING 1.0 -... Manuale utente

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novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

Novell Business Continuity Cluster Services 1.0 Administration Guide

Business Continuity Clustering

1.0

May 22, 2006

ADMINISTRATION GUIDE

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

Legal Notices

Novell, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to the contents or use of this documentation, and

specifically disclaims any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose.

Further, Novell, Inc. reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes to its content, at any time,

without obligation to notify any person or entity of such revisions or changes.

Further, Novell, Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to any software, and specifically disclaims

any express or implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, Novell, Inc.

reserves the right to make changes to any and all parts of Novell software, at any time, without any obligation to

notify any person or entity of such changes.

You may not use, export, or re-export this product in violation of any applicable laws or regulations including,

without limitation, U.S. export regulations or the laws of the country in which you reside.

stored on a retrieval system, or transmitted without the express written consent of the publisher.

U.S. Patent No. 5,157,663; 5,349,642; 5,455,932; 5,553,139; 5,553,143; 5,572,528; 5,594,863; 5,608,903; 5,633,931;

5,652,854; 5,671,414; 5,677,851; 5,692,129; 5,701,459; 5,717,912; 5,758,069; 5,758,344; 5,781,724; 5,781,733;

5,784,560; 5,787,439; 5,818,936; 5,828,882; 5,832,274; 5,832,275; 5,832,483; 5,832,487; 5,859,978; 5,870,561;

5,870,739; 5,873,079; 5,878,415; 5,884,304; 5,893,118; 5,903,650; 5,903,720; 5,905,860; 5,910,803; 5,913,025;

5,913,209; 5,915,253; 5,925,108; 5,933,503; 5,933,826; 5,946,002; 5,946,467; 5,956,718; 5,956,745; 5,964,872;

5,974,474; 5,983,223; 5,983,234; 5,987,471; 5,991,810; 6,002,398; 6,014,667; 6,016,499; 6,023,586; 6,029,247;

6,052,724; 6,061,726; 6,061,740; 6,061,743; 6,065,017; 6,081,774; 6,081,814; 6,094,672; 6,098,090; 6,105,062;

6,105,069; 6,105,132; 6,115,039; 6,119,122; 6,144,959; 6,151,688; 6,157,925; 6,167,393; 6,173,289; 6,216,123;

6,219,652; 6,233,859; 6,247,149; 6,269,391; 6,286,010; 6,308,181; 6,314,520; 6,324,670; 6,338,112; 6,345,266;

6,353,898; 6,424,976; 6,466,944; 6,477,583; 6,477,648; 6,484,186; 6,496,865; 6,510,450; 6,516,325; 6,519,610;

6,532,451; 6,532,491; 6,539,381; 6,560,615; 6,567,873; 6,578,035; 6,591,397; 6,609,158; 6,615,350; 6,629,105;

6,629,132; 6,647,408; 6,651,242 & RE37,178. Patents Pending.

Novell, Inc.

404 Wyman Street, Suite 500

Waltham, MA 02451

U.S.A.

www.novell.com

October 25, 2005

To access the online documentation for this and other Novell products, and to get updates, see www.novell.com/

documentation.

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

Novell Trademarks

ConsoleOne is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

DirXML is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

eDirectory is a trademark of Novell, Inc.

Hot Fix is a trademark of Novell, Inc.

iChain is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

NetWare is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

NetWare Core Protocol and NCP are trademarks of Novell, Inc.

Netware Loadable Module and NLM are trademarks of Novell, Inc.

Novell is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

Novell Authorized Reseller is a service mark of Novell, Inc.

Novell Client is a trademark of Novell, Inc.

Novell Cluster Services is a trademark of Novell, Inc.

Novell Directory Services and NDS are registered trademarks of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

Novell Storage Services is a trademark of Novell, Inc.

ZENworks is a registered trademark of Novell, Inc. in the United States and other countries.

Third-Party Materials

All third-party trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

Contents 5

Contents

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

About This Guide 7

1Overview 9

1.1 Disaster Recovery Implications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.2 Disaster Recovery Implementations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.2.1 Stretch Clusters vs. Cluster of Clusters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.2.2 Novell Business Continuity Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.2.3 Usage Scenarios . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2 Installation and Setup 17

2.1 Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.2 Installing the DirXML 1.1a Engine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.3 Installing the DirXML 1.1a Management Utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.3.1 Installing the DirXML Management Utilities on a NetWare Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

2.3.2 Installing the DirXML Management Utilities on a Windows Server . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.4 Installing DirXML 2.01 (Identity Manager 2.01) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

2.5 Copying User Objects Using DirXML. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.6 Installing Novell Business Continuity Cluster Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.6.1 Business Continuity Cluster Licensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.6.2 Running the Business Continuity Cluster Installation Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.6.3 Business Continuity Cluster Component Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.7 Installing Perl . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.8 Configuring File System Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

2.8.1 Configuring NSS Mirroring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

2.8.2 LUN Masking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

2.9 Setting Up Novell Business Continuity Cluster Software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.9.1 Ensuring that Clusters and Trees are Resolvable. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.9.2 Configuring Business Continuity-Specific DirXML Drivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

2.9.3 Configuring Clusters for Business Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

2.9.4 Configuring Cluster Resources for Business Continuity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

2.10 Managing Novell Business Continuity Clustering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2.10.1 Migrating a Cluster Resource to Another Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

2.10.2 Changing Cluster Peer Credentials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

2.10.3 Viewing the Current Status of a Business Continuity Cluster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2.10.4 Generating a Cluster Report . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

2.10.5 Disabling Business Continuity Cluster Resources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2.10.6 Business Continuity Cluster Console Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

2.11 Business Continuity Cluster Failure Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

2.11.1 San-based Mirroring Failure Types and Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

2.11.2 Host-based Mirroring Failure Types and Responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45

3 Virtual IP Addresses 47

3.1 Virtual IP Address Definitions and Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.1.1 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.1.2 Characteristics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

3.2 Virtual IP Address Benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

3.2.1 High Availability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

6Novell Business Continuity Cluster Services 1.0 Administration Guide

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

3.2.2 Unlimited Mobility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.3 Other Added Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.3.1 Support for Host Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.3.2 Source Address Selection for Outbound Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

3.4 Reducing the Consumption of Additional IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

3.5 Configuring Virtual IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

3.5.1 Displaying Bound Virtual IP Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

About This Guide

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

About This Guide

This guide describes how to install, configure, and manage Novell® Business Continuity Clustering.

The guide is intended for cluster administrators and is divided into the following sections:

Chapter 1, “Overview,” on page 9

Chapter 2, “Installation and Setup,” on page 17

Chapter 3, “Virtual IP Addresses,” on page 47

Documentation Conventions

In this documentation, a greater-than symbol (>) is used to separate actions within a step and items

in a cross-reference path.

A trademark symbol (®, ™, etc.) denotes a Novell trademark. An asterisk (*) denotes a third-party

trademark.

When a single pathname can be written with a backslash for some platforms or a forward slash for

other platforms, the pathname is presented with a backslash. Users of platforms that require a

forward slash, such as UNIX*, should use forward slashes as required by your software.

8Novell Business Continuity Cluster Services 1.0 Administration Guide

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

Overview

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

Overview

As corporations grow more international, fueled in part by the reach of the World Wide Web, the

requirement for service availability has increased. Novell® Cluster Services™ offers corporations

the ability to maintain 24x7x365 data and application services to their users while still being able to

perform maintenance and upgrades on their systems.

In the past few years, natural disasters (ice storms, earthquakes, tornadoes, and fires) have caused

unplanned outages of entire data centers. In addition, US federal agencies have realized the

disastrous effects that terrorist attacks could have on the US economy when corporations lose their

data and the ability to perform critical business practices. This has resulted in initial

recommendations for corporations to build mirrored or replicated data centers that are

geographically separated by 300 km or more (minimum acceptable being 200 km).

Many companies have built and deployed geographically mirrored data centers. The problem is that

setting up and maintaining the two or more centers is a very manual process that takes a great deal of

planning and synchronizing. Even configuration changes have to be carefully planned and

replicated. One mistake and the redundant site is no longer able to effectively take over in the event

of a disaster.

1.1 Disaster Recovery Implications

The implications of disaster recovery are directly tied to your data. Is your data mission critical? In

many instances, critical systems and data drive the business. If these services stop, the business

stops. When calculating the cost of downtime, some things to consider are

File transfers and file storage

Calendaring and collaboration

Web hosting

Critical databases

Productivity

Reputation

Continuous availability of critical business systems is no longer a luxury, it is a competitive business

requirement.The Gartner Group estimates that 40% of enterprises that experience a disaster will go

out of business in five years and only 15% of enterprises have a full-fledged business continuity plan

that goes beyond core technology and infrastructure.

1.2 Disaster Recovery Implementations

There are two main Novell Cluster Services implementations that you can use to achieve your

desired level of disaster recovery. These include a stretch cluster and a cluster of clusters. The

Novell Business Continuity Cluster product automates some of the configuration and processes used

in a cluster of clusters.

10 Novell Business Continuity Cluster Services 1.0 Administration Guide

novdocx (ENU) 10 August 2006

1.2.1 Stretch Clusters vs. Cluster of Clusters

Stretch Clusters

A stretch cluster consists of one cluster in which the nodes in the cluster are located in

geographically separate areas. All nodes in the cluster must be in the same eDirectory™ tree. In this

architecture, the data is mirrored between two data centers that are geographically separated. All the

machines in both data centers are part of one cluster, so that if a disaster occurs in one data center,

the other automatically takes over.

Figure 1-1 Stretch Cluster

Cluster of Clusters

A cluster of clusters consists of two or more clusters in which each cluster is located in a

geographically separate area. A cluster of clusters provides the ability to fail over selected or all

cluster resources from one cluster to another cluster. Typically, replication of data blocks between

Server 6 Server 7Server 5 Server 8

Fibre Channel

Switch

Building A Building B

Server 2 Server 3Server 1 Server 4

Fibre Channel

Switch

Fibre Channel

Disk Array

Disk blocks

WAN

Cluster

Heartbeat

8-node cluster stretched

between two sites

Site 2

SAN

Site 1

Ethernet Switch Ethernet Switch

Fibre Channel

Disk Array

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