Ormazabal Ekor.rpa Series Manuale di istruzioni

LIB

ekor.rpa

Protection, metering and control

multifunction unit

General Instructions

IG-267-EN, version 01, 07/04/2017

In view of the constant evolution in standards and design, the characteristics of the elements contained in this manual are subject

to change without prior notice. These characteristics, as well as the availability of components, are subject to confirmation by

Ormazabal.

CAUTION!

When medium-voltage equipment is operating, certain components are live, other parts may be in movement and some may

reach high temperatures. Therefore, the use of this equipment poses electrical, mechanical and thermal risks.

In order to ensure an acceptable level of protection for people and property, and in compliance with applicable environmental

recommendations, Ormazabal designs and manufactures its products according to the principle of integrated safety, based on

the following criteria:

• Elimination of hazards wherever possible.

• Where elimination of hazards is neither technically nor economically feasible, appropriate protection functions are

incorporated in the equipment.

• Communication about remaining risks to facilitate the design of operating procedures which prevent such risks,

training for the personnel in charge of the equipment, and the use of suitable personal protective equipment.

• Use of recyclable materials and establishment of procedures for the disposal of equipment and components so

that once the end of their service lives is reached, they are duly processed in accordance, as far as possible, with the

environmental restrictions established by the competent authorities.

Consequently, the equipment to which the present manual refers complies with the requirements of section 11.2 of Standard

IEC 62271-1. It must therefore only be operated by appropriately qualified and supervised personnel, in accordance with the

requirements of standard EN 50110-1 on the safety of electrical installations and standard EN 50110-2 on activities in or near

electrical installations. Personnel must be fully familiar with the instructions and warnings contained in this manual and in other

recommendations of a more general nature which are applicable to the situation according to current legislation[1].

The above must be carefully observed, as the correct and safe operation of this equipment depends not only on its design but also

on general circumstances which are in general beyond the control and responsibility of the manufacturer. More specifically:

• The equipment must be handled and transported appropriately from the factory to the place of installation.

• All intermediate storage should occur in conditions which do not alter or damage the characteristics of the equipment

or its essential components.

• Service conditions must be compatible with the equipment rating.

• The equipment must be operated strictly in accordance with the instructions given in the manual, and the applicable

operating and safety principles must be clearly understood.

• Maintenance should be performed properly, taking into account the actual service and environmental conditions in

the place of installation.

The manufacturer declines all liability for any significant indirect damages resulting from violation of the guarantee, under any

jurisdiction, including loss of income, stoppages and costs resulting from repair or replacement of parts.

Warranty

The manufacturer guarantees this product against any defect in materials and operation during the contractual period. In the

event that defects are detected, the manufacturer may opt either to repair or replace the equipment. Improper handling of this

equipment and its repair by the user shall constitute a violation of the guarantee.

Registered Trademarks and Copyrights

All registered trademarks cited in this document are the property of their respective owners. The intellectual property of this manual

belongs to Ormazabal.

[1] For example, in Spain the “Regulation on technical conditions and guarantees for safety in high-voltage electrical installations” – Royal Decree

337/2014 is obligatory.

IG-267-EN versión 01; 07/04/2017 3

General Instructions

ekor.rpa

Contents

1. General description ..................................................5

1.1. General operating features ...................6

1.2. Components.................................7

1.2.1. Electronic relay ..............................8

1.2.2. Current sensors ..............................9

1.2.3. Voltage sensors ..............................9

1.2.4. “Binox” bistable tripping device and

tripping coil ................................10

1.3. Functionality of the unit.....................10

1.4. Communications............................11

2. Applications .............................................................12

2.1. Remote control of transformer and

distribution substations .....................12

2.2. Automatic reclosing of lines .................12

2.3. Line protection with circuit-breaker..........13

2.4. Transformer protection......................14

2.5. Automatic transfer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .16

2.6. Detection of phase with earthing............16

2.7. Protection and control of

MV interconnection stations.................17

2.8. Energy balances ............................17

3. Metering functions ..................................................18

3.1. Current and voltage metering ...............18

3.2. Power meterings............................19

3.3. Energy meter ...............................19

4. Protection functions ................................................20

4.1. Overcurrent units ...........................20

4.1.1. Timed overcurrent units.....................20

4.1.2. Instantaneous overcurrent units.............21

4.1.3. Block diagram ..............................21

4.2. Ultra-sensitive earth.........................22

4.3. Directional units ............................23

4.3.1. Phase directional units ......................23

4.3.2. Neutral and sensitive neutral

directional units ............................24

4.4. Thermal image unit .........................25

4.4.1. Estimated thermal capacity..................26

4.4.2. Functionality................................27

4.4.3. Block diagram ..............................28

4.5. Broken conductor unit ......................29

4.5.1. Calculation of sequence currents ............29

4.5.2. Functionality................................32

4.5.3. Block diagram ..............................32

4.6. Voltage units ...............................33

4.6.1. Timed overvoltage units ....................34

4.6.2. Instantaneous overvoltage units.............34

4.6.3. Timed undervoltage units ...................35

4.6.4. Instantaneous undervoltage units ...........35

4.6.5. Block diagram ..............................36

4.7. Second harmonic blocking unit .............37

4.7.1. Functionality................................37

4.7.2. Block diagram ..............................39

4.8. Block by Imax.................................41

5. Detection, automation and control functions.......42

5.1. Recloser automation ........................42

5.1.1. Functionality................................42

5.1.2. VREF........................................42

5.1.3. Settings ....................................43

5.1.4. Recloser statuses............................43

5.2. Voltage presence/absence automation ......45

5.2.1. Functionality................................45

5.2.2. Settings ....................................45

5.2.3. Voltage presence/absence

automation statuses ........................45

5.3. Switch control ..............................46

5.3.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46

5.3.2. Settings ....................................46

5.3.3. Switch control statuses......................47

5.4. Remote control .............................47

6. Sensors......................................................................48

6.1. Current sensors .............................48

6.1.1. Functional characteristics

of current sensors...........................49

6.1.2. Vector sum/zero-sequence wiring ...........50

6.2. Voltage sensors .............................51

6.2.1. Bushing ....................................51

6.2.2. ekor.evt-c ..................................52

7. Technical characteristics of the equipment ...........53

7.1. Rated values ................................53

7.2. Mechanical design ..........................53

7.3. Insulation tests..............................54

7.4. Electromagnetic compatibility...............54

7.5. Climatic tests ...............................55

7.6. Mechanical tests ............................55

7.7. Power tests .................................55

7.8. CE Conformity ..............................55

IG-267-EN versión 01; 07/04/2017

Contents General Instructions

ekor.rpa

8. Protection, metering and control models .............56

8.1. Description of models vs functions ..........56

8.1.1. ekor.rpa-110................................58

8.1.2. ekor.rpa-120................................58

8.1.3. ekor.rpa-100-v/ekor.rpa-100-p..............59

8.1.4. Relay configurator ..........................60

8.2. “v” ekor.rpa-110-v and ekor.rpa-120-v

type units...................................61

8.2.1. Functional description ......................61

8.2.2. Definition of digital inputs/outputs .........62

8.2.3. Installation in a cubicle......................63

8.2.4. Checking and maintenance .................64

8.3. “p” ekor.rpa-110-p and ekor.rpa-120-p

type units ..................................66

8.3.1. Functional description ......................66

8.3.2. Definition of digital inputs/outputs ..........67

8.3.3. Fuse protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68

8.3.4. Installation in a cubicle......................71

8.3.5. Checking and maintenance .................72

9. User configuration settings.....................................73

9.1. Local protection and automation settings ...73

9.2. Date and time settings ......................79

9.3. Remote communication settings ............79

10. Log record.................................................................80

10.1. Fault report ................................80

10.1.1. Data capture logic ..........................80

10.1.2. Structure of the report ......................81

10.1.3. List of available signals .....................82

10.2. Event record ................................84

11. User interface ...........................................................85

11.1. Web server. Checking and

configuring parameters .....................85

11.1.1. Characteristics of the Web server ............85

11.1.2. Access to the Web server: Local and

remote access ..............................86

11.2. Keyboard/Display ..........................90

11.2.1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

11.2.2. Display screen ..............................91

11.2.3. Error codes .................................96

11.3. Fileserver in USB memory ...................97

11.3.1. Connection to the system ...................97

11.3.2. Use of the interface .........................98

11.3.3. ekor.soft-xml .............................100

12. Communications ................................................... 102

12.1. Physical medium: RS-485..................102

12.1.1. MODBUS protocol ........................ 102

12.1.2. PROCOME protocol ....................... 107

12.2. Physical medium: Ethernet ................110

12.3. Physical medium: Mini-USB................111

13. Annex ..................................................................... 112

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General Instructions

ekor.rpa

General description

1. General description

Within the ekor.sys family, the ekor.rpa range of protection,

metering and control units groups together a series of

multifunctional devices. Depending on the model, the

equipment can incorporate voltage and current functions,

along with automation functions, local/remote control,

etc. All these functions are related to current and future

automation, control and protection requirements in

switching and transformer substations.

As a result of new demands in supply quality, there is an

increasing need for automation in distribution networks

and for equipment to carry out metering and control

supervision functions for the switch in distribution cubicles.

The ekor.rpa-100 protection, metering and control units

have been designed to meet these needs, in accordance

with national and international standard requirements and

recommendations that are applied to each part that makes

up the unit:

• EN 60255, EN 61000, EN 62271-200, EN 60068, EN 60044.

• IEC 60255, IEC 61000, IEC 62271-200, IEC 60068, IEC 60044,

IEC 61958.

Integrating the ekor.rpa units in the Ormazabal cubicle

system allows speciﬁc products for requirements in diﬀerent

facilities.

The ekor.rpa-100 units in the ekor.rpa range have outputs

to, either locally or remotely, open and close the switch

in the cubicle where it is installed. Furthermore, the

equipment series has inputs which receive the status of the

cubicle switch.

The ekor.rpa-100 units also have the following beneﬁts

compared to conventional systems:

1. The remote control unit (RTU or Remote Terminal Unit)

andprotection areintegratedinthecubicle inacompact

manner, simplifying the solution and minimising the

need to install control boxes on the cubicles.

2. Delivering the complete integrated solution (cubicle +

relay + sensors) reduces handling of interconnections

when installing the cubicle in the network connection.

The only connection necessary is the medium-voltage

cables (MV). The possibility of wiring and installation

errors is removed, thus minimising commissioning time.

3. Voltage and current sensors are installed in the cubicle

cable bushing. Metering of V, I, P, Q and energies are

obtained without the need for voltage transformers.

4. All the units are factory installed, adjusted and checked;

each piece of equipment (relay + control + sensors)

also undergoes a comprehensive check before being

installed. The ﬁnal unit tests are carried out once the

unit is incorporated in the cubicle before delivery.

5. Current metering is carried out by current sensors

with a high transformation ratio, making it possible for

the same equipment to detect a wide range of power

levels. This is possible thanks to the high sensitivity and

low noise of the relay's analogue channels.

Figure 1.1. Protection, metering and control units: ekor.sys family

IG-267-EN versión 01; 07/04/2017

General description General Instructions

ekor.rpa

1.1. General operating features

All the relays of the ekor.rpa-100 series include a

microprocessor for processing the metering sensor signals.

They process voltage and current meterings and eliminate

the inﬂuence of transient states, calculate the magnitudes

required to ensure current and voltage protection functions,

automation, etc. At the same time they calculate the

eﬃcient values of the electrical meterings that report the

instantaneous value of these parameters of the installation.

Figure 1.2. ekor.rpa-100 series relay

The ekor.rpa-100 relays are equipped with a keypad for

local display, set-up and operation of the unit, as well as

communication ports to handle these functions from a PC,

either locally or remotely. The ergonomic keyboard menus

have been designed to make use as intuitive as possible.

Current metering is carried out via high transformation

ratio current sensors. These transformers or current sensors

maintain the accuracy class in all of their rated range.

Voltage metering is normally by capturing the voltage

signal using a capacitor divider built into the cubicle's

bushing. There is an option of installing ekor.evt-c external

capacitive voltage sensors for applications which require

high-voltage metering precision, such as applications with

MV network energy meters.

The diﬀerent interfaces, local (display) or remote (Web), also

provide settings parameters, logs, events, etc., in addition

to instantaneous values for metering of currents, voltages,

powers and energies.

From a maintenance perspective, the ekor.rpa-100 units

have a series of features that reduce the time and the

possibility of errors in the test and service restoration tasks.

Among the main characteristics, the most prominent are

the large diameter toroidal-core current transformers

installed in the cubicle bushing, their built-in test bars

(for easier checking), and accessible terminal blocks for

current or voltage injection tests as well as for checking

the relay inputs and outputs. This conﬁguration enables a

comprehensive testing of the unit.

IG-267-EN versión 01; 07/04/2017 7

General Instructions

ekor.rpa

General description

1.2. Components

The parts which make up the ekor.rpa-100 protection,

metering and control series are the electronic relay, voltage

and current sensors, auxiliary circuits (terminal block and

wiring), the bistable release and the tripping coil.

1Terminal block

2ekor.rpa electronic relay

3Voltage and current sensors

Figure 1.3. Parts of the assembly of ekor.rpa-100 in cubicle

IG-267-EN versión 01; 07/04/2017

General description General Instructions

ekor.rpa

1.2.1. Electronic relay

The electronic relay has a keyboard and display to set and

view the protection and control parameters. Moreover, the

display provides information of the system's meterings,

alarms and control signals in real time. The keyboard

includes a seal on the <<SET>> key to ensure that once the

settings have been made they cannot be changed unless

the seal is broken.

The protection trips are registered on the display with the

following parameters:

• Trip unit

• The phasor at the moment of tripping (currents and

voltages).

• Tripping time. The time passing from start-up to tripping

of the unit.

• The time and date the event occurred.

Unit errors are also permanently displayed. Furthermore, it

is possible to check the fault reports using the front USB port

by connecting a PC to this port and using the implemented

folder system.

The “ON” LED is activated when the equipment receives

power from an external source and ﬂashes quickly when

the relay starts up. This LED will ﬂash less frequently

once the microprocessor has checked that the status of

the equipment is correct and all the protection units are

active. In this situation, the unit is operational to carry out

protection functions.

The voltage and current analogue signals are conditioned

internally by small and very accurate transformers that

isolate the electronic circuits from the rest of the installation.

The system has, in all its variants, 9 inputs and 4 outputs.

Both the inputs and the outputs are protected from

unwanted enabling/disabling.

The unit has 2 rear Ethernet ports for conﬁguration, a

front mini-USB port for maintenance, and two rear RS-485

communications ports for remote control. The standard

communication protocols for all models are MODBUS and

PROCOME.

1"ON" signalling LED

2Metering and parameter setting display

3SET key

4Keyboard for scrolling through screens

5Front mini-USB communication port

Figure 1.4. Description of the elements available on the front of the

ekor.rpa-120 relay

IG-267-EN versión 01; 07/04/2017 9

General Instructions

ekor.rpa

General description

1.2.2. Current sensors

The current sensors are toroidal-core current transformers

with a 300/1 A or 1000/1 A or 2500/1 ratio, depending on

the models. These transformers cover the entire operation

range of Ormazabal cubicles, from rated currents 5A up to

2500 A.

The phase toroidal transformers are factory-installed in

the cubicle bushings, which signiﬁcantly simpliﬁes on-site

assembly and connection. This way, once the medium-

voltage cables are connected to the cubicle, the installation

protection is operational. Installation errors of the sensors,

due to earth grids, polarities, etc., are removed upon

installation and checked directly at the factory.

All the current sensors have an integrated protection

against the opening of secondary circuits, which prevents

overvoltages.

1Bushing

2Current sensors

Figure 1.5. Location of the current sensors

1.2.3. Voltage sensors

Cubicle voltage metering is carried out using a capacitor

divider incorporated in the cubicle’s bushing, which ensures

a precision of ± 5 % in the worst case scenario.

Ormazabal ekor.evt-c capacitive sensors can be used

for greater precision. These are capacitor divider voltage

sensors for gas-insulated cubicles. They are designed to

allow assembly in both separableT-connectors and busbars.

Their operation is autonomous and passive (without

external auxiliary supply), with low-voltage analogue

output and low power applicable directly to the metering

systems without prior conditioning, for installation in

medium-voltage automation and supervision systems in

networks up to 36 kV. It can also measure partial discharges

and establish communication via PLC.

Figure 1.6. ekor.evt-c voltage sensors

IG-267-EN versión 01; 07/04/2017

General description General Instructions

ekor.rpa

1.2.4. “Binox” bistable tripping device and tripping coil

The "Binox" bistable trigger is a precision electromechanical

actuator which is sealed with its own reinforcement and

integrated in the switch driving mechanism. This release

acts upon the switch when there is a protection trip. It is

characterised by the low actuation power (high energy

eﬃciency) it requires for tripping. This energy is delivered in

the form of a pulse from the relay in a controlled manner to

ensure the proper operation of the release and the opening

of the switch.

The trials and tests passed by the ekor.rpa-100 unit set and

cubicle, along with quality assurance in manufacture, mean

this is a highly reliable element in the tripping chain. The

solutions presented by Ormazabal with ekor.rpa-100 units

have this tripping device installed as standard.

Figure 1.7. “Binox” Tripping coil

The operations ordered by the ekor.rpa-100 unit digital

outputs are performed by means of conventional tripping

coils. This way, a redundant and therefore more reliable

operational system is achieved.

1.3. Functionality of the unit

The functionality of the assembly as a unit (MV cubicles for

protection, metering and control, sensors, and protection

and metering transformers) is validated in a test plan carried

out in an in-house controlled environment.

To achieve this, Ormazabal counts on the CIT, its Research

and Technology Centre, which represents an essential

instrument in R&D, in order to capture and improve existing

technologies and carry out research into new ones.

The CIT facilities oﬀer services to the science and technology

sector in order to carry out research, development and type

tests both for Ormazabal's business unit products and also

for the rest of the electricity sector.

The CIT is made up mainly of:

1. HPL: Electrotechnical power laboratory, with the goal

of identifying, acquiring and disseminating process

technologies and strategic products within Ormazabal.

2. UDEX: Demonstration and experimentation unit

consisting of a fully conﬁgurable, independent

medium-voltage singular experimentation network to

allow tests for new technologies, products and services

to be developed and carried out in a safe, controlled

environment.

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