Radio Shack TRS-80 Manuale utente

PRELIMINARY USER’S MANUAL

MICRO COMPUTER

Catalog Numbers:

2 -1001

2 -1201

14-841

P. 2

TRS-80 PRELIMINARY MANUAL

This User's Manual is not intended to e the final, complete one.

Since we know you are eager to start using your Microcomputer

system, we decided not to delay your shipment any further ... and

to send you this Preliminary Manual (along with some game tapes

and other materials).

SETTING UP THE SYSTEM

Carefully unpack the system. Remove all packing material. 3e

sure you locate all ca les, papers, tapes, etc. Save the packing

material in case you need to transport the system.

Connecting the Video Monitor and Key oard:

1. Connect the power cord from the Video Monitor to a

source of 120 volts, 60 Hz AC power. Note that one

prong of the AC plug is wider than the other — the wide

prong should go into the widest slot of the AC socket.

NOTE: If you use an AC extension cord, you may not

e a le to plug the Monitor's power cord in.

Do not attempt to force this wide prong into the

extension cord; use a wall outlet if at all possi le.

2. Connect the power cord of the Power Supply to a source of

120 volts, 60 Hz AC power.

P. 3

3. Connect the gray ca le from the front of the Video Monitor

to the VIDEO jack on the ack of the Key oard Assem ly.

Take care to line up the pins correctly (the plug fits

only one way).

4. Connect the gray ca le from the Power Supply to the POWER

jack on the ack of the Key oard Assem ly. Again, take

care to mate the connection correctly.

Connecting the Cassette Recorder:

You do not need to connect the Cassette Recorder unless you plan

to record programs or to load taped programs into the TRS-80.

1. Load atteries into the CTR-41 as descri ed in the Manual.

Or make connections for 120 volt AC power.

2. Connect the short ca le (DIN plug on one end and 3 plugs

on the other) to the TAPE jack on the ack of the Key oard

Assem ly. Be sure you get the plug to mate correctly.

3. The 3 plugs on the other end of this ca le are for

connecting to the CTR-41.

A. Connect the lack plug into the EAR jack on the

side of the CTR-41. This connection provides the

output signal from the CTR-41 to the TRS-80 (for

loading Tape programs into the TRS-80).

3. Connect the larger gray plug into the AUX jack

on the CTR-41. This connection provides the

recording signal to record orograms from the TRS-80

onto the CTR-41's tape.

Also, plug the Dummy Plug (provided with the CTR-41)

into the MIC jack (this disconnects the uilt-in Mic

so it won't pick-up sounds while you are recording tapes).

P. 4

C. Connect the smaller gray plug into the REM jack

on the CTR-41. This allows the TRS-80 to remotely

control the CTR-41's motor (turn tape motion on and

off for recording and playing tapes).

Notes On Using The Recorder

There are a num er of things you should e aware of as you use the

Cassette Tape System:

1. To Play a tape (load a taped program into the TRS-80), you

must have the CTR-41's Volume control set to 7 to 8 Then

press the CTR-41's PLAY key and then type CLOAD on the TRS-80

and ENTER this command. This will start the tape motion. An *

will appear on the top line of the Monitor; a second * will

link, indicating the program is loading. When loading is

done, the TRS-80 will automatically t u n the CTR-41 off and

flash READY on the screen. You are then ready to RUN the

program (type in RUN and hit ENTER) .

2. To Record a program from the TRS-80, press the CTR-41's

RECORD and PLAY keys simultaneously. Then type CSAVE on

the TRS-80 and ENTER this command. When the program has een

recorded, the TRS-80 will automatically turn the CTR-41 off and

flash READY on the screen. Now you have your program on

tape (it still is in the TRS-80 also). Many computer users

make a second or even a third recording of the tape, just to

e sure they have a good recording.

NOTE: To load the full 4K of RAM in the TRS-80 takes less than

3 minutes of tape. Short programs will take only a few

seconds of tace.

P. 5

3. Use the CTR-41's Tape Counter to aid you in locating programs

on tapes.

4. For est results, use Radio Shack's special 10 minute Computer

Tape Cassettes (especially designed for recording computer

programs). If you use standard audio tape cassettes, e sure

to use top quality, such as Realistic SUPERTAPE or Cr02.

Keep in mind that audio cassettes have lead-ins on oth

ends ( lue non-magnetic mylar material) — you can not

record on the leader portion of the tape. Advance the tape

past the leader efore recording a program.

5. When you are not going to use a CTR-41 for loading or recording

programs, do not leave RECORD or PLAY keys down (press STOP).

6. To REWIND or FAST-Forward a cassette, you must disconnect

the plug from the REM jack (with REM jack connected, the

TRS-80 controls tape motion).

7. If you want to save a taped program permanently, reak off the

erase protect ta on the cassette (see CTR-41 Manual).

8. Do not expose recorded tapes to magnetic fields. Avoid placing

your tapes near the Power Supply.

9. To check if a tape has a program recorded on it, you can

disconnect the plug from the EAR jack (also disconnect the

REM plug so you can control the CTR-41 with the keys) and

Play the tape; you'll hear the program material from the

speaker.

P. 6

TURNING THE SYSTEM ON

Turn on the Video Monitor y pressing the POWER utton. Turn on

the TRS-80 Key oard y pressing the POWER utton on the ack

(next to the POWER Jack); the red LED just to the right of the

Key oard should light up and the screen should show READY.

Adjust C (contrast) and B ( rightness) controls on the front of

the Monitor for the sharpest display. Set Brightness so the

ackground is gray and the words are white. Do not set Brightness

too high.

If Monitor does not show READY, press the Key oard's POWER

switch off, wait 10 seconds, and then turn it on again.

(Pressing the power switch slowly can cause the machine to

"get confused". Turn it on with a quick push.)

Now type in P.m. and hit ENTER. This is a test to see that the

Computer powered-up properly. The display should read:

P.M.

3533

If the num er is not 3583, turn the Key oard's POWER switch off,

wait 10 seconds, and then turn it on again. Repeat the test and

verify that the num er is 3583.(It's good practice to perform this

simple test whenever you turn on the TRS-80. Always type new and

ENTER efore performing the test.)

NOTE: There is a Reset utton inside a door at the left

rear of the Key oard assem ly. This Reset utton can e

used to unlock a looping program or if the TRS-80 does

not turn off a cassette or in other such a normal program

situations.

P. 7

GETTING STARTED

This Preliminary User's Manual is not intended to e a detailed,

complete course in Radio Shack's Level I BASIC. For that you'll

have to wait for the complete Manual. However, we will try to give

you enough help here so you can exercise your Computer a little

efore getting into the meat.

IMPORTANT NOTE: Each line of a program must e entered into the

Computer. You do this y pressing ENTER key. To

correct a typing error, press the ackspace key

(-*-) ; repeat as necessary to erase the error. If

you have already ENTERed a line and notice an error,

'type the same line over again — the Computer

always takes the last line typed in.

Let's try the "calculator mode" first. It's the easiest. Type

the following:

PRINT 5-2 (hit ENTER) NOTE: With the TRS-80, there is no

The Display will show need to use SHIFT to type capital

3 letters (all letters are capital).

SHIFT is needed only for the keys

READY which have two sym ols.

> -

This means the Computer is ready for more. (From now on, we won't

repeat the READY and >_ .)

Now try

PRINT 2/3, 2*8 (Hit ENTER. Note you must use PRINT to receive a

display.)

P. 8

.666667 16 (the answer to the first — 2 divided y 3 —

is given first. The second answer — 2 multiplied

y 8 is given second, moved over 16 spaces

ecause of the comma.)

You can write a program for these same functions. A program must

have a num er for each line. Try this:

10 PRINT 14.5 + 3 (Remem er to hit ENTER at the end of each line.)

20 PRINT 6.1 - 4.2

30 PRINT 7/22

40 PRINT 8*2.1

This is a program. Each line egins with a num er. To execute (run)

the program, type RUN and hit ENTER. The screen will display —

17.5

1.9

.318182

16.8

Press CLEAR and the screen will e lank except for the little

cursor (_) at the upper left hand comer.

If you want to recall the program that is in the Computer, type

LIST and the program will e displayed on the screen.

Use LIST any time you want to check the program that is stored

in the Computer. You can use LIST to check a program that you

have loaded from a cassette tape.

If you want to delete a line, all you have to do is type that

line num er and ENTER it. That replaces the existing program line

num er with a lank line. Try it on the program you have in the

Computer. Then LIST the program and see what has happened.

P. 9

Notes on Line Num ers:

You don't have to type line num ers in sequence. The Computer

automatically puts lines in sequence.

You can add line num ers at any time (as long as you have a } _

on the screen).

Don't num er lines in direct sequence; leave lank num ers so

you can add more to your program later on. Example, use 10, 20,

30, etc.; then later on as you work with the program, you can

add 15, 25 ... (or any or all num ers etween the lines you have

used) .

More on PRINTinq:

Often you will want to put some wording in with your program, to

explain the meaning of calculations. Try this;

PRINT "THE APPROXIMATE VALUE OF PI IS", 22/7 (Hit ENTER)

The screen displays

THE APPROXIMATE VALUE OF PI IS 3.14286

The comma (,) moved the num er to the next 16 character frame

of the printing field. Try a semicolon instead and see what

happens.

Try the following;

PRINT 1,2,3,4 (Remem er to hit ENTER)

1 . 2 3 4

Now try:

PRINT 1;2;3;4 (Don’t forget to ENTER it)

1 2 3 4

The commas space out the printing into columns 16 characters wide.

The semicolons give just one extra space. Try some more till you get

the feel of hew and where the printing will e.

P. 10

Now, type RUN. What happened? The screen came ack with

17.5

1.9

.318182

16.8

Why? The program that we typed in earlier is still in the

Computer? Not sure? Type LIST and see.

How to clear out previous programs? Of course we could erase

each line ( y typing in line num ers one at a time and ENTERing

them). But there is an easier way. Type NEW. This clears the

memory of all previous programs and you're ready to enter more.

Always type NEW efore loading new programs from cassettes or

typing in new programs.

Type

10 PRINT "HELLO THERE. I AM YOUR NEW TRS-80 MICROCOMPUTER:"

RUN this one-line program:

HELLO THERE. I AM YOUR NEW TRS-80 MICROCOMPUTER!

Add another line:

20 PRINT "YOU CALLED, MASTER. DO YOU HAVE A COMMAND?"

Now RUN the program. You get oth lines.

HELLO THERE. I AM YOUR NEW TRS-80 MICROCOMPUTER!

YOU CALLED, MASTER. DO YOU HAVE A COMMAND?

Now try it again. This time try talking to it; type in YES.

WHAT?

The Computer is telling you it does not know what you want.

You see, you must talk to it in its own language. The TRS-80

understands the BASIC language (a simple language for Computers).

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