Radio Shack TRS-80 Manuale utente

TRSDOS &

DISK BASIC

Reference

Manual

Radio /hack

MICRO

COMPUTER

Contents

1. General Information

2. Mini Disk Operation

3. TRSDOS Overview

4. TRSDOS Commands

5. Extended Utilities

6. TRSDOS Technical Information

7. DISK BASIC

8. Appendices

Index

CUSTOM MANUFACTURED IN THE USA FOR RADIO SHACK MADIVISION OF TANDY CORPORATION

TRSDOS &

DISK BASIC

Reference

Manual

For the Radio Shack TRS-80

Disk Operating System

TRSDOS Version 2.1

DISK BASIC Version 1.1

Radio /haek

Ma DIVISION OF TANDY corporation

One Tandy Center

Fort Worth, Texas 76102

First Edition -1979 Software Copyright Notice

permission, of editorial or pictorial content, in any man-

ner, is prohibited. No patent liability is assumed with

respect to the use of the information contained herein.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation

of this book, the publisher assumes no responsibility for

errors or omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for

damages resulting from the use of the information con-

tained herein.

ADivision of Tandy Corporation,

Fort Worth, Texas 76102, U.S.A.

All TRSDOS and DISK BASIC software is copyrighted by

Radio Shack. Radio Shack grants each TRSDOS user the

privilege of making BACKUP diskettes of TRSDOS and

DISK BASIC, provided such diskettes are solely for per-

sonal use.

Any other duplication of TRSDOS or DISK BASIC soft-

ware, in whole or in part, in print or in any other storage-

and-retrieval system, is forbidden.

Printed in the United States of America

To Our Customers

This is areference manual, and its organization reflects the relationship between

TRSDOS and DISK BASIC. TRSDOS is the fundamental software, so it's described

first. DISK BASIC is alanguage supported by TRSDOS, so it's described after

TRSDOS. (If other languages are supported later, they'll plug right in to this manual

along with DISK BASIC.)

But don't think you have to read the manual in strict sequence. If you're an old hand at

LEVEL II BASIC and you want to start out with DISK BASIC, go ahead and skip to

Section 7. You can refer back to the TRSDOS sections later on when you're ready or

when you need them.

We hope you enjoy exploring this powerful new computer system!

Htouj fo Use This Book

R«ad

Sections IiZ[make a

TRSDOS Backup

YES

£>kim Read and use.

Sect/on 7

Read and use.

Sections 3-2

Yes

General

Information

Radio Jhaek

TRS-BO

MICRO

COMPUTER

SYSTEM

Contents of This Section

Introduction

Notation Conventions .

Versions and Releases

....2

....3

....6

Section 1-Page 1

General Information

Introduction

This book is acombined operation and reference manual for the

TRS-80 Disk Operating System. It will tell you how to operate the

hardware and how to use the software.

For many of you, there will be more than enough information. ("All

Iwant to do is use the Computer, not understand it!") Don't worry,

this book is designed so that you can start programming in DISK

BASIC (if that's what you want to do) right away. All you have to do

is read the chapter on Mini Disk Operation . . .skim through TRSDOS

Overview and TRSDOS Commands ... and on to DISK BASIC.

But DISK BASIC is just one aspect of TRSDOS. It's not a

part of TRSDOS, but aprogram that TRSDOS executes. Using

DISK BASIC without any awareness of the capabilities of TRSDOS

is rather like riding in aPullman car without any knowledge of the

engine, freight cars, diner and other parts of atrain. It's true that

TRSDOS will do all that's necessary to let you ride comfortably along

in BASIC; but eventually you're going to want to have asay in where

the train goes, what its schedule is, and what goes in all those freight

cars. That's when you need to understand TRSDOS.

The illustration below shows the relationship between the Computer,

Expansion Interface and Mini Disk Drives.

The first drive(Drive 0) always contains the TRSDOS

diskette, which is pre-recorded with the Operating System

software: an executive program, and several auxiliary

programs, including DISK BASIC. The executive program

is loaded into the first 4K bytes of RAM, and stays there

while TRSDOS is in control. The auxiliary programs

are loaded as needed.

Second, third and fourth drives can contain

diskettes, for storing your programs and data.

The Expansion Interface contains the real-

time clock, disk controller IC, and optional

extra RAM (addresses above 32767).

The Keyboard/Computer contains abuilt-in (ROM)

program which takes over at power-up, and loads

the TRSDOS executive program from the system

diskette (in Drive 0). If the Mini Disk equipment is

not connected, this ROM program can transfer control

to LEVEL II BASIC.

1-2

General Information

One section of this book you should definitely become familiar with

is the Glossary. We've tried to give definitions for all the "computer

words" and everyday words with special meanings in this book. Even

if you've heard all the terms, you'll gain some useful information

from the Glossary, because it's customized for the TRS-80.

First you make aBACKUP ...

You received one TRSDOS diskette with your Mini Disk drive 26-1 160.

This diskette contains the operating system software. Without this

disk, you haven't got adisk operating system.

So, your first disk operation ...before you remove the write protect

tape from the TRSDOS diskette ...should be to duplicate TRSDOS

onto ablank diskette. You'll find abbreviated instructions for making

aduplicate (BACKUP) of your TRSDOS diskette at the end of the

Mini Disk Operation chapter.

Notation Conventions

In descriptions of syntax for commands, statements and dialog with

the Computer, we'll use the following conventions for clarity and

brevity.

1This special symbol represents amandatory

blank space. Unless it is specified, any

blanks that appear in the syntax are optional.

Example:

DIR#:1

The blank space is required after the R.

"Press the HJhH;l key."

"Press the space-bar."

CAPITALS and

punctuation

Indicate material which must be entered

exactly as it appears. The only punctuation

symbols not entered are the special cases

(brackets and triple-period ...) explained

below.

Example:

LOAD"filespec"

Only the command LOAD and the quote

marks are entered verbatim; you supply

the filespec.

1-3

General Information

Notation, continued

SCREENED CAPITALS Represent input you supply, upon prompt-

ing from the Computer. This convention

will only be used where necessary to

distinguish between Computer prompting

and user input.

Example:

HOW MflNV FILES? 5l=MHd;l

The Computer asks the question, and you

answer it.

lowercase italics Represent words, letters or values you

supply from aset of acceptable values for

that situation.

Example:

var =exp

Avariable name goes on the left, and an

expression goes on the right.

[ ] Brackets enclose optional material.

Example:

CLOSE[filenum ]

filenum (the file number) is optional after

CLOSE. The brackets are not actually

typed in.

The triple-period symbol inside brackets

indicates that preceding items in the

brackets may be repeated.

Example:

INPUT ["prompting message";] var[,var ...]

The INPUT variable-list may include

more than one variable. The periods are

not actually typed in.

var([, ....]) Signifies an array. If no commas are

placed inside the parentheses, a

one-dimensional array is intended;

1comma indicates atwo-dimensional

string array; etc.

Examples:

A$( ,)indicates atwo-dimensional

string array.

Bl( )indicates asingle-dimensioned

array.

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