Technologic Systems TS-2200 Manuale utente

TS-2200 User’s Manual

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

Technologic Systems, Incorporated

16610 East Laser Drive, Suite 10

Fountain Hills, AZ 85268

480-837-5200

FAX 837-5300

[email protected]

http://www.embeddedx86.com/

This revision of the manual is dated

November 6, 2000

All modifications from previous versions are listed in the appendix.

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

iii

Limited Warranty

Technologic Systems warrants this product to be free of defects in material and workmanship for a

period of one year from date of purchase. During this warranty period Technologic Systems will repair

or replace the defective unit in accordance with the following instructions:

•Contact Technologic Systems and obtain a Return Material Authorization (RMA) number and a

copy of the RMA form.

•Fill out the RMA form completely and include it and dated proof of purchase with the defective unit

being returned. Clearly print the RMA number on the outside of the package.

This limited warranty does not cover damages resulting from lighting or other power surges, misuse,

abuse, abnormal conditions of operation, or attempts to alter or modify the function of the product.

This warranty is limited to the repair or replacement of the defective unit. In no event shall

Technologic Systems be liable or responsible for any loss or damages, including but not limited

to any lost profits, incidental or consequential damages, loss of business, or anticipatory profits

arising from the use or inability to use this product.

Repairs made after the expiration of the warranty period are subject to a flat rate repair charge and

the cost of return shipping. Please contact Technologic Systems to arrange for any repair service.

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

Table Of Contents

LIMITED WARRANTY........................................................................................................................................III

1INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................5

2PC COMPATIBILITY...................................................................................................................................5

3POWER ......................................................................................................................................................5

4MEMORY....................................................................................................................................................6

4.1 DRAM....................................................................................................................................................................6

4.2 Flash......................................................................................................................................................................6

4.3 Flash Expansion.....................................................................................................................................................6

4.4 Battery-Backed SRAM............................................................................................................................................6

5SERIAL PORTS..........................................................................................................................................7

5.1 Serial Port Configuration Registers.........................................................................................................................7

5.2 Serial Port Hardware..............................................................................................................................................7

5.3 RS-485 / RS-422 Support.......................................................................................................................................7

5.4 Automatically Enabled RS-485...............................................................................................................................8

5.5 Adding Serial Ports.................................................................................................................................................9

6DIGITAL I/O ..............................................................................................................................................10

6.1 DIO1 Header........................................................................................................................................................10

6.2 DIO2 Header........................................................................................................................................................10

7LCD INTERFACE...................................................................................................................................... 11

810BASE-T ETHERNET PORT................................................................................................................... 11

9REAL TIME CLOCK..................................................................................................................................12

10 WATCHDOG TIMER................................................................................................................................. 12

11 LED AND JUMPERS................................................................................................................................. 13

12 PC/104 BUS EXPANSION......................................................................................................................... 13

13 LOADING AND EXECUTING PROGRAMS...............................................................................................14

13.1 Zmodem Downloads.............................................................................................................................................14

13.2 Manufacturing Mode.............................................................................................................................................14

13.3 Integrated BIOS Debugger.................................................................................................................................... 15

14 VIDEO, KEYBOARD, AND CONSOLE REDIRECTION.............................................................................15

15 FEEDBACK AND UPDATES TO THE MANUAL........................................................................................ 16

APPENDIX A -BOARD DIAGRAM AND DIMENSIONS.....................................................................................17

APPENDIX B -JP JUMPER BLOCK..................................................................................................................17

APPENDIX C -SYSTEM MEMORY MAP..........................................................................................................17

APPENDIX D -SYSTEM I/O MAP.....................................................................................................................17

APPENDIX E -BIOS INTERRUPT FUNCTIONS............................................................................................... 18

Int 15h / Function B000h -Technologic Systems BIOS information................................................................................18

Int 15h / Function B010h -LED Control ......................................................................................................................... 19

Int 15h / Function B042h –Alphanumeric LCD Support .................................................................................................19

APPENDIX F -USING A 12.5 MHZ BAUD CLOCK............................................................................................19

APPENDIX G -DIRECT CONTROL OF THE 386EX DIO PINS......................................................................... 20

APPENDIX H -FURTHER REFERENCES ........................................................................................................21

APPENDIX I -MANUAL REVISIONS.................................................................................................................21

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

1Introduction

The model TS-2200 is a compact, full-featured PC compatible Single Board Computer based on the

386EX processor.If you are coming up from the 8-bit microcontroller world, you will find that this

product provides much more performance and much quicker development since you can now use

standard PC development tools such as Turbo C or Quick Basic. If you have done work in the PC

world in the past, you will find you can now build applications for a very small target that does not

require a keyboard, video, floppy disks,or hard drives.

You can typically write and debug code on a host PC using standard development tools for the PC

platform, then simply copy it to and run it on the TS-2200 without modification.If additional peripherals

are required, the PC/104 expansion bus allows for many standard functions available off-the-shelf. It

is also very simple to create a custom PC/104 daughter board for those special features that

differentiate your product. Technologic Systems can provide technical support as well as a free

quotation for any custom hardware,software, or BIOS modifications you may require.

This manual is fairly short. This is because for the most part, the TS-2200 is a standard 80386 based

PC compatible computer, and there are hundreds of books about writing software for the PC platform.

The purpose of this manual is documenting where the TS-2200 differs from a standard PC.

2PC Compatibility

PC compatibility requires much more than just a 386 processor. It requires PC compatible memory

and I/O mapsas well as a PC compatible BIOS. The General Software EMBEDDED BIOS offers a

high degree of compatibility with past and present BIOS standards allowing it to run off-the shelf

operating systemsand application software.

The EMBEDDED BIOS has been tested with all major versions of DOS, including MS-DOS, DR-DOS,

and Embedded DOS 6-XL; all major versions of OS/2, including MS-OS/2 and IBM OS/2; MS-

Windows 3.1, Windows-95, Windows NT, and NetWare 386.

Technologic Systems Embedded PCs are compatible with a wide variety of x86 based

operating systems. A partial list OSes currently used with our boards by customers includes:

•GNU/Linux, kernel versions 1.0.x, 2.0.x, and 2.2.x

•TNT Embedded Toolsuite, Phar Lap Software

•RTKernel, On Time Software

•RTEMS, On-Line Applications Research Corporation

•DOS with Waterloo TCP (WATTCP), public domain TCP/IP source code for DOS

3Power

The TS-2200 requires regulated +5VDC at 650mA (typical). A quick release screw-down terminal

block for the +5V power and power GND connections is provided for easy connection to an external

power supply.

When power is first supplied to the TS-2200, the board mounted LED (labeled D2) is immediately

turned on under hardware control. Once the processor begins execution, the LED is turned off under

software control. If the LED does not turn on at all, the most likely problem is the power supply. Check

that the +5V and GND connections are not reversed. A diode protects the board against damage in

such a situation, but it will not run.

Please note that supply voltages over +6VDC may damage the TS-2200. Be sure to use a regulated

+5VDC power supply.

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

4Memory

4.1 DRAM

The TS-2200 has a total of 2 Megabytes of DRAM providing 640 KB of base memory, 1 Megabyte of

extended memory, and 128 KB of shadow RAM for the BIOS and DOS-ROM. This is identical to a

standard PC memory map. The Flash SSD is the exception -- see below for details.

As shipped, the 1 Megabyte of extended memory is used as a RAM disk by the vdisk.sys device

driver. The RAM disk is accessible as drive C: if the DiskOnChip Flash disk is not installed, drive D: if

it is. The size of the disk can be reduced to provide extended memory for an application (or simply

removed entirely) by editing the CONFIG.SYS file in the root directory of drive A:.

4.2 Flash

There is a total of 1 MB of Flash memory on the TS-2200. The top 128 KB of Flash are reserved for

the BIOS and DOS-ROM. During POST, they are copied from Flash into DRAM at addresses E0000h

through FFFFFh for improved performance (a standard technique known as BIOS Shadowing). The

remainder of the Flash memory (896 KB) is used by a SSD (solid state disk) appearing as drive A.

The SSD is fully supported by the BIOS as an INT 13h drive.

The physical Flash memory is accessed by the BIOS through a 64 KB memory mapped window at

addresses D0000h through DFFFFh. If you are installing a PC/104 daughter card that uses memory

mapped I/O, it must not conflict with this address range.

The Flash memory is guaranteed capable of a minimum of 100,000 write/erase cycles. This means

that if you completely erase and rewrite the SSD drive 10 times a day you have over 27 years before

any problems would occur. Reading the SSD produces no wear at all.

4.3 Flash Expansion

If 896 KB of Flash is insufficient for your application, an empty 32-pin socket is available for Flash

expansion using an M-Systems DiskOnChip 2000 or DiskOnChip Millennium Flash Drive. This product

is a wonder of miniaturization; it is a complete Flash SSD in a single 32 pin package currently

available in sizes from 4 MB up to 144 MB. The DiskOnChip is available from Technologic Systems

as well as other distributors. It is compatible with DOS as shipped, and drivers for other operating

systems are available.

When using the DiskOnChip, it will simply appear as drive C: The DiskOnChip is accessed through an

8 KB range of CE000h through CFFFFh in memory space. If you are installing a PC/104 daughter

card that uses memory mapped I/O, it must not conflict with this address range if the DiskOnChip is

installed. Additionally, the DiskOnChip firmware uses approximately 20 KB of user RAM (below 640

KB).

4.4 Battery-Backed SRAM

The 32-pin socket can also optionally hold 32 KB of battery-backed CMOS SRAM memory. This or the

DiskOnChip may be installed, but not both.

Battery backed SRAM provides non-volatile memory with unlimited write cycles and no write time

degradation, unlike Flash memory. The SRAM uses an additional 32 KB range of C8000h through

CFFFFh. If the SRAM is installed, PC/104 daughter card that uses memory mapped I/O must not

conflict with this address range.

The SRAM can be utilized as a RAM disk (drive C:) by the TSRAMDSK.SYS device driver. The device

driver can be added or removed (and the SRAM accessed directly) by editing the associated line in

the CONFIG.SYS file in the root directory of drive A:. Please see the BIOS/DOS User's Manual for

further information on TSRAMDSK.SYS.

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

I/O 75h, bit 0 can be read to determine whether the SRAM option is installed; a ‘1’ in bit 0 indicates

that it is installed, a ‘0’ that it is not.

5Serial Ports

The two PC compatible asynchronous serial ports provide a means to communicate with external

serial devices such as printers, modems, etc. Each is independently configured as a standard PC

COM port which is compatible with the National Semiconductor NS16C450. COM1 appears in the I/O

space at 3F8h –3FFh and uses IRQ4. COM2 is located at 2F8h –2FFh and uses IRQ3.

The COM ports use a master clock of 1.8519 MHz as compared to a standard clock of 1.8432 MHz.

This results in an error for all baud rates of .0047 (less than ½%). The error is insignificant and this

clock value allows standard baud rate selections -- for example a divisor of 12 yields 9600 baud.

By changing an internal configuration register in the 386EX, the serial clock can be switched to 12.5

MHz (the processor clock divided by 2). This feature allows baud rates higher than 115 Kbaud (up to

781 Kbaud), as well as low error, non-standard lower baud rates (such as 24 Kbaud). See Appendix F

for further information.

The COM ports may also be configured to use a DMA channel, which is handy when very high baud

rates are being used. When enabled, a DMA request is issued any time a serial port’s receive buffer is

full or its transmit buffer is empty. This allows higher speed operation with much lower CPU overhead.

See the Intel 386EX User's Manual for further details.

5.1 Serial Port Configuration Registers

Because both serial ports are 100% PC compatible, software written for the PC that accesses serial

ports directly or through standard BIOS calls will work without modification on the TS-2200. The

details of the COM port internal registers are available in most PC documentation books or the data

sheet for the National Semiconductor NS16C450 may be consulted.

5.2 Serial Port Hardware

Each serial port has 4 lines buffered: the two data lines

and the CTS / RTS handshake pair. This is quite suffi-

cient to interface with the vast majority of serial devices.

The serial lines are routed to 10 pin headers labeled

COM1 and COM2. A serial adapter cable can be

plugged into the header to convert this into a standard

DB9 male connector. The pin out for the 10 pin header

and DB9 male connector are listed below. The RTS

signal also drives the DTR pin on the serial ports; DTR

is always the same state as RTS. In addition, RTS is

also used to enable the RS-485 transmitter (see below

for more details).

5.3 RS-485 / RS-422 Support

An option is available to add support to COM1 for half or full-duplex RS-485. RS-485 drivers allow

communications between multiple nodes up to 4000 feet (1200 meters) via twisted pair cable. Half-

duplex RS-485 requires one twisted pair plus a Ground connection, while full-duplex RS-485 (also

known as RS-422) requires two twisted pairs plus a Ground connection.

For half-duplex operation, a single twisted pair is used for transmitting and receiving. The serial port's

RTS signal controls the RS-485 transmitter/receiver (see next section for automatic operation). When

RTS is asserted true (bit 1 of the modem control register = 1), the RS-485 transmitter is enabled and

the receiver disabled. When RTS is de-asserted the transmitter is tri-stated (disabled) and the receiver

is enabled. Since the transmitter and receiver are never both enabled, the serial port UART does not

receive the data transmitted. The transmitter and receiver share a single pair of signals that are

NC 10

5GND

NC 94DTR (RTS)

[out]

[in]

CTS 83TX data [out]

[out]

RTS 72RX data [in]

61NC

Figure 1-Serial Port Header and DB9 Pin-

out [signal direction is in brackets]

PLEASE NOTE: The serial port headers

use a non-standard numbering scheme.

This was done so the header pins would

have the same numbering as the corre-

sponding DB-9 pin; i.e. pin 8 (CTS) on the

header connects to pin 8 on the DB-9

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

available in a screw-down terminal block. See the table below for pin-outs Note: the correct jumper

must be installed. See the next table for details.

Position (with terminal strip facing you) Left Center Right

Silk-screen Label TX+ TX-GND RX-RX+

Half-duplex Usage TX+ / RX+ TX-/ RX-GND Not Used Not Used

Full-duplex Usage TX+ TX-GND RX-RX+

Table 1-RS-485 Signals

For full duplex (RS-422) operation, a twisted pair is used for

receiving and another twisted pair is used for transmitting.

The RS-485 transmitter is typically enabled continuously

(RTS asserted), since the separate transmit and receive

twisted pairs remove problems with data loop-back. The

full-duplex receiver inputs are available on the terminal

block (see the table above). Note: the correct jumper must

be installed -see the table below for details.

Fail-safe bias resistors are used to bias both the TX pair

and the RX pair to the correct state when these pairs are

not being actively driven. This is an important consideration,

since in a typical RS-485 installation, the drivers are

frequently tri-stated. If fail-safe bias resistors are not

present, the 485 bus will be floating and very small amounts

of noise can cause spurious characters at the receivers. A

1.2 KOhm resistor is used to pull the TX+ signal to 5V and

another 1.2 KOhm resistor pulls the TX-signal to ground.

The RX+ and RX-signals are biased in the same manner.

Termination resistors are also required for reliable

operation particularly when running long distances.

Termination resistors should only be installed at each end

of a RS-485 transmission line pair. In a multi-drop

application where there are several drivers and/or receivers

attached, only the devices at each end of the

transmission line pair should have termination

resistors.

Installing JP4 adds a 100 Ohm termination resistor to

the RX pair while JP5 adds a 100 Ohm termination

resistor to the TX pair.

When the RS-485 option is installed, jumpers JP6 and

JP7 select which receiver is fed to the COM1 UART.

Only one (or neither) of these jumpers should be

installed at a time!

A read at I/O location 76h bit 0 will return a "1" when

the RS-485 option is installed.

5.4 Automatically Enabled RS-485

In most RS-485 applications, the transmitter is enabled while sending data and disabled (tri-stated)

when not. This allows for an inexpensive 'network' of multiple devices, all using a single twisted pair to

communicate. Enabling and disabling the RS-485 transmitters can be done in software by asserting

and deasserting RTS. This can be difficult to implement and bug prone.

Jumper Receiver Source

JP6 Full-duplex RS-485

JP7 Half-duplex RS-485

neither RS-232

Table 3-COM1 Receiver Source

I/O

Address

R / W

Bit 0 Description

76h Read RS-485 option

0 = Not installed

1 = Option installed

76h Write RS-485 control

0 = use RTS enabled RS-485

1 = enable automatic RS-485

77h Read Returns status of TX485EN pin

Table 2–TS-2100 Control Registers –All signals

are R/W through bit 0 of the address

RS-485 Quick start procedure:

1. The RS-485 option must be

installed

2. Install JP6 or JP7 to enable Half or

Full duplex RS-485 operation

3. Attach the RS-485 cable to the 5-

pin terminal strip connector.

4. Set the COM1 UART serial

parameters (baud rate, data, parity,

and stop bits, interrupts, etc).

5. To transmit data, assert RTS and

write the data to the UART

6. To receive data, deassert RTS and

read the data from the UART

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

A simpler method implemented on the TS-2200 utilizes Timer 2 in the i386EX to keep track of the bits

shifting out of the UART. It automatically turns on the transmitter, waits for the character to be sent,

then turns off the transmitter. The timer is simply initialized once based on baud rate and data format.

This totally eliminates the software overhead of controlling the RTS line manually.

To activate automatic transmitter enable, I/O location 76h bit 0 must be set to a "1", and Timer 2

initialized. When I/O location 76h bit 0 is set to "0", user software uses the RTS line to control the

RS-485 transmitter. (Set RTS, and the transmitter is enabled. Clear RTS, and it is disabled.)

To initialize Timer 2, a value of 0B2h must be written to I/O location 043h, then a 16 bit count must be

written to I/O location 042h as two consecutive bytes with least significant byte first. The count is

determined by the following equation:

Count = [16 * (Baud Divisor) * (Bits/Character)] -2

For example, for 9600 baud, 8 data, no parity, 1 stop bit:

Baud divisor = 12

Bits/Character = 1 start bit + 8 data bits + 0 parity bits + 1 stop bit = 10

Count = [16 * 12 * 10] -2 = 1918 decimal = 077Eh

The instructions in x86 assembly would then be:

MOV AH, 0B2h

OUT 043h, AH ; Set timer2 mode to one-shot

MOV AH, 07Eh

OUT 042h, AH ; load timer2 LSB

MOV AH, 07h

OUT 042h, AH ; load timer2 MSB

Serial Format Formula Result (decimal) MSB LSB

9600, No parity, 8 Data, 1 Stop [16 * 12 * 10] -2 = 1918 07h 7Eh

19200, No parity, 7 Data, 1 Stop [16 * 6 * 9] -2 = 862 03h 5Eh

9600, Even parity, 8 Data, 2 Stop [16 * 12 * 12] -2 = 2302 08h 0FEh

2400, Space parity, 8 Data, 1 Stop [16 * 48 * 11] -2 = 8446 20h 0FEh

Table 4-Auto Enabled RS-485 Examples

Note: These equations assume the standard 1.85 MHz clock is being used for baud rate generation. If

the 12.5 MHz clock is being used (see Appendix F) these equations must be modified. Contact

Technologic Systems for details.

5.5 Adding Serial Ports

If your project requires more than two serial ports, additional ports may be added via the PC/104

expansion bus. Technologic Systems currently offers a 2 serial / 1 parallel port card, and other

manufacturers sell cards with up to four additional serial ports. Typically these would be configured as

COM3 or COM4 or be assigned other non-standard I/O locations. Because DOS only directly supports

four serial ports, any additional ports beyond four will require software drivers.

The PC/104 bus has IRQ3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 9 available for additional serial ports. If IRQ3 or 4 are to be

used on a PC/104 expansion card, then care must be taken since COM2 and COM1 also use these

IRQs, respectively. For example, if IRQ4 is used for COM3 then either COM1 must be used in a non-

interrupt fashion or only one COM port can have the interrupt enabled at a time. In any case only one

COM should have the Interrupt Enable (Bit 3 of Modem Control Reg.) set at any one time if they share

the same IRQ. This is a standard issue with the PC architecture. A better solution is to simply use

interrupts other than 3 or 4 for additional serial ports.

TS-2200 User’s Manual Technologic Systems

11/06/2000

6Digital I/O

6.1 DIO1 Header

The DIO1 port provides +5V, GND, and 12 digital I/O lines that may

be used to interface the TS-2200 with a wide range of external

devices. Additional digital I/O is available on the DIO2 header. These

signals are connected directly to the 386EX and several have

multiple functions. For example, DIO pins 6, 11, 12, and 13 are by

default IRQ7, IRQ3, IRQ4, and IRQ5 respectively. By setting configu-

ration registers in the 386EX, these pins can be individually changed

to general purpose I/O (GPIO) as high-impedance inputs, open-drain

outputs, or complementary outputs. Note that these same signals are also connected directly to the

PC/104 bus; if a pin is configured as GPIO, then the associated IRQ will not be available for PC/104

expansion cards.

DIO pins 7-10 can be configured as a synchronous serial port supporting baud rates to 6.25Mbaud.

These pins are COM2 handshake lines by default that can be also used as GPIO.

DIO pins 3, 4, 5, and 14 are always GPIO –they do not have secondary functions.

All digital outputs can source or sink up to 8mA. All digital inputs have standard TTL level thresholds.

For further information on configuration and use of these pins, See Appendix G.

6.2 DIO2 Header

Up to 13 additional DIO lines are available on the DIO2 Header. Pins

1,3,5,and 7 are digital inputs with 10K Ohm pull-up resistors that can

be read at I/O location 77h bits 1-4. Pin 4 is a Digital output that

drives the TS-2200 LED. Pins 6,8,13,and 14 are i386EX

programmable I/O lines. Pin 10 is a fixed input that can be read

(inverted polarity) at the COM2 Status Reg. (I/O location 2FEh bit 7).

Pin 12 is the signal that enables the RS-485 Transmit driver. If the

RS-485 option is not installed, this pin can be read as input at I/O

location 77h bit 0. Pins 9 and 11 are open-drain active-low outputs that drive the Ethernet Link and

LAN LEDs. The default configuration is for these to be driven by the Ethernet controller to indicate

network presence and activity. These can be reprogrammed to be general-purpose outputs. For more

information regarding these 2 lines, please consult the Cirrus Logic CS8900A Users Guide in

Appendix H.

Note –DIO2 pin 14 (P1.3) is also shared with user jumper JP3. If user jumper JP3 is being used, then

DIO2 pin 14 should be left not connected.

For further information on configuration and use of these pins, See Appendix G.

P3.2 14

IRQ5 / P3.3

IRQ4 / P3.0 12

IRQ3 / P3.1

DTR2 / SRXCLK 10

9RI2 / SRXD

DSR2 / STXCLK 87RTS2 / STXD

IRQ7 / P3.5 65P1.0

P1.5 43P3.6

GND 215V

Figure 2–DIO1 Header Pinout

P1.3 14

IRQ6 / P3.4

TX485EN 12

LinkLED#

DCD2 10

9RxLED#

RTS1 / P1.1 87IN1@77

P1.2 65IN2@77

LED-ON 43IN3@77

GND 21IN4@77

Figure 3–DIO2 Header Pinout

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