Texas Instruments -83 Plus Silver Edion Manuale

TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

Addendum to the

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide

Beta Version .02

IMPORTANT INFORMATION

Texas Instruments makes no warranty, either expressed or implied, including but not limited to

any implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, regarding any

programs or book materials and makes such materials available solely on an "as-is" basis.

In no event shall Texas Instruments be liable to anyone for special, collateral, incidental, or

consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the purchase or use of these

materials, and the sole and exclusive liability of Texas Instruments, regardless of the form of

action, shall not exceed the purchase price of this program. Moreover, Texas Instruments shall

not be liable for any claim of any kind whatsoever against the use of these materials by any

other party.

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide 1Beta Version May 16, 2001

TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

The following information is provided as an addendum to the TI-83 Plus Developer

Guide Version 1.0. This text provides additional information for developing applications

and assembly programs for the TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

. Specific information deals

with the Flash ROM size and processor speed changes over the TI-83 Plus graphing

calculator platform.

OVERVIEW

The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

has the capability to load up to 94 Flash Apps and has a

clock speed that is more than twice as fast as the standard TI-83 Plus. For compatibility,

the TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

runs programs and applications at the standard

TI-83 Plus speed. The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

also contains a hardware assist to

speed up link communication.

Flash Apps can utilize new Operating System (OS) calls or header settings to take

advantage of the increased speed. Assembly programs can also use the OS calls to set

speed. The new calls will not be recognized by older OSs so it is important for the

developer to check OS versions when making these calls.

FLASH ROM STRUCTURE

The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

Flash ROM is composed of 2048K (2M) bytes divided

into 128 pages, each of which is 16K bytes in size. The structure is generally the same

as the TI-83 Plus except for the inclusion of 96 additional 16K pages (24 additional 64K

Sectors). The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

can store up to 94 Apps in pages 0Ch – 69h.

The TI-83 Plus Flash structure chart, Figure 2.5 in the TI-83 Plus Developer Guide

Version 1.0, is correct up to page 14h; at that point, the TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

includes more data pages. The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

also has the Operating

System residing at the high 8 pages of Flash, 78h . . . 7Fh. The TI-83 Plus high memory

is 18h . . . 1Fh.

TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide 2Beta Version May 16, 2001

Addr Page(s) Size Notes

OS 00h – 07h 00 – 07 128K (8 pages) Same as TI-83 Plus

SWAP/USER DATA 08h – 0Bh 08 – 11 64K (4 pages) Same as TI-83 Plus

SWAP/USER APPS/DATA 0Ch – 0Fh 12 – 15 64K (4 pages) Same as TI-83 Plus

USER APPS/DATA 10h – 13h 16 – 19 64K (4 pages) Same as TI-83 Plus

USER APPS/DATA 14h – 67h 20 – 103 1344K (84 pages) Many more user pages

USER APPS/DATA 68h – 69h 104 – 105 32K (2 pages) Pages 14h, 15h on TI-83 Plus

CERTIFICATE LIST 6Ah – 6Bh 106 – 107 32K (2 pages) Pages 16h, 17h on TI-83 Plus

FUTURE OS USE 6Ch – 77h 108 – 119 192K (12 pages)

OS 78h – 7Fh 120 – 127 32K (8 pages) Pages 18h . . . 1Fh on TI-83 Plus

Legend

SWAP and/or User APPS Area

Update System (OS) Area

Fixed Area — changeable only by TI

Because of the additional Flash memory, the first App loaded will be placed at page 69h

(105 decimal) and downward from there (versus 15h for the TI-83 Plus).

ENTRY POINTS, VARIABLE TYPES, AND SYSTEM FLAGS

The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

uses the same entry points, variable types, and system

flags as the TI-83 Plus.

ADDITIONAL B_CALLS FOR DETERMINING OS AND

SPEED

The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

and TI-83 Plus OS version 1.13 includes new B_CALL

entry points that allow an application to set the processor speed (SetExSpeed) and to

determine the current speed and OS (GetSysInfo).

The ti83plus.inc has the following entries:

SetExSpeed EQU 50BFh

GetSysInfo EQU 50DDh

NzIf83Plus EQU 50E0h

See the entry point documentation in Appendix A for additional information.

TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide 3Beta Version May 16, 2001

ADDITIONAL HEADER TAGS FOR SETTING SPEED

By default, an application will run at the TI-83 Plus Speed unless the App informs the OS

to allow it to run faster. The entry point SetExSpeed controls specific locations in the

code.

An optional method is to set a tag in the header that informs the OS that the App can run

at a certain level. The default level is 0 and the TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

can be set to

level 1.

The APP_HW_LEVEL tag looks as follows:

DB 080h,0A1h ; Field: App level

DB 001h ; Highest HW level = 1

If this field is missing or is set to HW level 0 (either DB 080h,0A0h or

DB 080h,0A1h,000h), then the Operating System executes the App in slow mode

(6MHz) to execute the App. This field is ignored on the TI-83 Plus.

; This is the application header definition area required for all Apps.

DB 080h, 00Fh ; Field: Program length

DB 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h ; Length = 0 (N/A for unsigned

; Apps)

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; * * * App types * * *

; This example uses shareware type for signing and the simulator.

; Replace with the commented developer ID for debugging on the calculator.

; Note the header will need to be adjusted depending on the number of bytes in

; this type field.

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB 080h, 012h ; Field: Program type (2 byte)

DB 001h, 004h ; Type = Shareware, TI-83 Plus

; -------------------------------

; ; Use with 5 or 6 character ID

; DB 080h, 013h ; Field: Program type (3 byte)

; DB 001h, 07Fh, 004h ; Dev. ID = "17F04"

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB 080h, 021h ; Field: App ID

DB 001h ; Id = 1

DB 080h, 031h ; Field: App Build

DB 001h ; Build = 1

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; -- App Name is to be 8 characters in size --

DB 080h, 048h ; Field: App Name

DB "TEMPxxxx" ; Name = "TEMP "

DB 080h, 081h ; Field: App Pages

DB 001h ; App Pages = 1

DB 080h, 090h ; No default splash screen

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB 080h, 0A1h ; Field: App level

DB 001h ; Highest HW level = 1

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB 003h, 026h, 009h, 004h ; Field: Date stamp =

TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide 4Beta Version May 16, 2001

DB 005h, 0D4h, 062h, 000h ; 2/7/2000

DB 002h, 00Dh, 040h ; Dummy encrypted TI date

DB 055h, 073h, 021h, 0E3h ; stamp signature

DB 03Bh, 081h, 022h, 017h

DB 02Dh, 0D2h, 0D3h, 018h

DB 093h, 063h, 078h, 0A6h

DB 0A2h, 006h, 05Ch, 071h

DB 0C0h, 031h, 0E5h, 098h

DB 0DEh, 06Dh, 039h, 03Ch

DB 0F8h, 035h, 0E0h, 0A7h

DB 00Fh, 092h, 0A5h, 037h

DB 068h, 0F3h, 040h, 019h

DB 06Eh, 0CAh, 02Fh, 064h

DB 0E9h, 0AAh, 0CFh, 0C9h

DB 035h, 039h, 0C0h, 043h

DB 05Bh, 0D3h, 037h, 086h

DB 041h, 0E2h, 001h, 090h

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

DB 080h, 07Fh ; Field: Program Image length

DB 000h, 000h, 000h, 000h ; Length = 0, N/A

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; End of required Header.

; To allow for growth of header fields during the signing process, the

; following pad bytes are needed. Adjust as needed.

DB 0, 0, 0, 0 ; Reserved Pad

DB 0 ; Adjusted pad for level type

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

; Adjust header according to application type.

; This example uses shareware type (2-bytes).

; Replace with the commented pads if using a 3-byte developer ID.

DB 0, 0, 0, 0 ; Reserved bytes with pad for

; 2-byte Program Type field

; DB 0, 0, 0 ; Reserved bytes with pad for

; 3-byte Program Type field

;

; End of 128 byte application header

; ------------------------------------------------------------------------------

;

; Execution starts here.

POSSIBLE DISPLAY PROBLEMS RUNNING FAST ON THE

SILVER EDITION

There are problems that can occur if an application that was written for the TI-83 Plus is

run at fast speed on the TI-83 Plus

Silver Edition

The screen may not display correctly if the app writes directly to the display and has its

own version of LCD_BUSY instead of calling the system routine. The LCD has a delay

requirement of approximately 10us between operations and using the old LCD_BUSY

delay at the faster speed will be less than this.

TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide 5Beta Version May 16, 2001

There are three options for solving this problem.

• Triple or quadruple the delay time of the in-line code. This will solve the problem, but

it may reoccur if another even faster version is produced.

• Do B_CALL LCD_BUSY. This is guaranteed to work, but may slow down a display

intensive app.

• Use a CALL LCD_BUSY_QUICK, where LCD_BUSY_QUICK is equated to 000Bh.

This is a new entry point that does not require the system overhead of a B_CALL.

This call also works on earlier TI-83 Plus versions, but runs slightly faster than 10us

and modifies the z/nz Status Flag. To use this on all versions, wrap it in another

routine that saves and restores the flag register:

PUSH AF ; 11 states

CALL LCD_BUSY_QUICK ; 17 states + 30 states (on TI-83 Plus)

POP AF ; 10 states

This will ensure that the routine runs on both the TI-83 Plus and the TI-83 Plus

Silver

Edition

with minimal additional time delays.

ACCESSING THE DBUS FROM AN APP

The TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

is equipped with a DBUS assist unit in the hardware.

This hardware assist will greatly speed up Apps that do significant DBUS activity, but

requires additional care on the part of the App programmer. When used incorrectly, the

DBUS assist will cause the App to suffer from timeout errors even though the data is

sent/received correctly. The paragraphs below provide several use scenarios, possible

problems encountered, and possible fixes.

Monitoring DBUS Lines to Detect DBUS Activity

Frequently, an App will need to wait for a byte to be sent from another calculator while

the App is in a loop doing something else. On the TI-83 Plus, it was standard practice to

input the state of the DBUS lines on each pass through the loop and then to make a

B_CALL to RecAByte ONLY when one of the DBUS lines was active (a low).

With the hardware assist, this process will fail. The failure is due to the fact that the

hardware assist will complete the handshake when the DBUS line goes active by

reading in the incoming byte and storing the byte in a hardware buffer. Thus the DBUS

lines will return to an inactive state in a few microseconds and the software will never

detect any activity.

The corrective action here is to first determine the type of hardware that the App is being

executed on by calling the GetSysInfo utility. If the hardware type indicates a TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

unit (e.g., Bit 03 is set), then activity on the DBUS lines must be

determined by executing the following code:

IN (0x09), A

AND 0x38

TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide 6Beta Version May 16, 2001

If the ‘nz’ bit is set, the DBUS hardware assist has stored a byte for retrieval OR IS IN

THE PROCESS OF RECEIVING A BYTE AT THE PRESENT TIME. This is the only

reliable way of determining activity on the DBUS on the TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

hardware.

Sending DBUS Data/Error States by Toggling the

DBUS Lines

Frequently Apps will attempt to flag an error to the DBUS by taking both DBUS lines low.

Similarly, Apps may attempt to toggle the DBUS lines from within the App rather than by

invoking the RecAByte and SendAByte routines. These actions will cause the DBUS

hardware assist to reset each time either (or both) of the DBUS lines are placed into the

low state. If the DBUS assist hardware is in the middle of a transmission when the App

toggles the DBUS line, the transaction is aborted and the byte being sent or received is

lost.

Unexpected Error Conditions

If the DBUS hardware assist unit is sending data to a DBUS device and that device

asserts both DBUS lines low, the DBUS assist will abort the send with an error condition.

The indicated error will be TIMEOUT, as the hardware will only know that it could not

send the byte in the 2 seconds allotted.

Summary

In general, it is always safe to call RecAByte and SendAByte. Direct access to the

DBUS lines is discouraged as it may cause communication problems.

Appendix A: System Routines — Utility

TI-83 Plus Developer Guide 7Beta Version May 16, 2001

GetSysInfo

Utility

Return nine bytes of system information, including current speed.

HL = RAM location of where to put system information

None

(HL) . . . (HL + 8) set depending on system information.

AF, BC, HL

Note that this B_CALL is not available on TI-83 Plus version 1.12 and earlier.

The calling routine needs to check the software version before performing the

B_CALL.

This routine returns nine bytes representing various aspects of system

operation:

Byte00 = Boot Code Revision # (Major)

01 = Boot Code Revision # (Minor)

02 = Hardware Revision # (00 if TI-83 Plus, NZ if not)

03 = Lsn = Current Speed

03 = Bit 4 = reset if TI-83 Plus, set if TI-83 Plus

SILVER EDITION

04 = Device code default

05 = 0 = reserved for future use

06 = 0 = reserved for future use

07 = 0 = reserved for future use

08 = 0 = reserved for future use

(continued)

Category:

Description:

Input:

Registers:

Flags:

Others:

Outputs:

Registers:

Flags:

Others:

Registers

destroyed:

Remarks:

Appendix A: System Routines — Utility

TI-83 Plus Devleoper Guide 8Beta Version May 16, 2001

GetSysInfo

(continued)

Determine if are running fast or slow:

B_CALL getBaseVer ; OS version in (A, B)

CP 2 ; major version

JR NC,above112 ; if 2.x than > 1.12

CP 1

JR NZ,MustBeSlow ; if 0.x then < 1.12

LD A,B ; major version is 1

CP 13 ; minor version

JR NC,above112 ; C if minor version < 13

MustBeSlow:

XOR A ; set Z to show slow

JR Done

above112: ; later than version 1.12

LD HL,OP1

B_CALL GetSysInfo

LD A,OP1+3

AND 0Fh

Done:

Example:

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